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Guidelines to diagnose and treat peri-levator high-5 anal fistulas: Supralevator, suprasphincteric, extrasphincteric, high outersphincteric, and high intrarectal fistulas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第16期28卷 1608-1624页

作者： Pankaj Garg Vipul D Yagnik Sushil Dawka Baljit Kaur Geetha r Menon Department of Colorectal Surgery Garg Fistula Research InstitutePanchkula 134113HaryanaIndia Department of Colorectal Surgery Indus International HospitalMohali 140201PunjabIndia Department of Surgical Gastroenterology Nishtha Surgical Hospital and Research CenterPatan 384265GujaratIndia Department of Surgery SSR Medical CollegeBelle Rive 744101Mauritius Department of radiology SSRD Magnetic Resonance Imaging InstituteChandigarh 160011India Department of Statistics Indian Council of Medical ResearchNew Delhi 110029India

Supralevator,suprasphincteric,extrasphincteric,and high intrarectal fistulas(high fistulas in muscle layers of the rectal wall)are well-known high anal fistulas which are considered the most complex and extremely challenging fistulas to *** resonance imaging has brought more clarity to the pathophysiology of these *** with these fistulas,a new type of complex fistula in high outersphincteric space,a fistula at the roof of ischiorectal fossa inside the levator ani muscle(rIFIL),has been *** diagnosis,management,and prognosis of rIFIL fistulas is reported to be even worse than supralevator and suprasphincteric *** is a lot of confusion regarding the anatomy,diagnosis,and management of these five types of *** main reason for this is the paucity of literature about these *** common feature of all these fistulas is their complete involvement of the external anal ***,fistulotomy,the simplest and most commonly performed procedure,is practically ruled out in these fistulas and a sphincter-saving procedure needs to be *** advances have provided new insights into the anatomy,radiological modalities,diagnosis,and management of these five types of high *** have been discussed and guidelines formulated for the diagnosis and treatment of these fistulas for the first time in this paper.

关键词： Anal fistula Supralevator Suprasphincteric Extrasphincteric Magnetic resonance imaging

Exploring the genic resources underlying metabolites throughmGWASandmQTL inwheat: From large-scale gene identification and pathway elucidation to crop improvement

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Plant Communications 2021年第4期2卷 127-139页

作者： Jie Chen Mingyun Xue Hongbo Liu Alisdair r.Fernie Wei Chen National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene research(Wuhan) Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China College of Plant Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Potsdam-Golm 14476Germany

Common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)is a leading cereal crop,but has lagged behind with respect to the interpretation of the molecular mechanisms of phenotypes compared with other major cereal crops such as rice and *** recently available genome sequence of wheat affords the pre-requisite information for efficiently exploiting the potential molecular resources for decoding the genetic architecture of complex traits and identifying valuable breeding ***,the successful application of metabolomics as an emergent large-scale profiling methodology in several species has demonstrated this approach to be accessible for reaching the above *** such productive avenue is combining metabolomics approaches with genetic ***,this trial is not as widespread as that for sequencing technologies,especially when the acquisition,understanding,and application of metabolic approaches in wheat populations remain more difficult and even arguably *** this review,we briefly introduce the techniques used in the acquisition of metabolomics data and their utility in large-scale identification of functional candidate *** progress has been made in delivering improved varieties,suggesting that the inclusion of information concerning these metabolites and genes and metabolic pathways enables a more explicit understanding of phenotypic traits and,as such,this procedure could serve as an-omics-informed roadmap for executing similar improvement strategies in wheat and other species.

关键词： wheat metabolomics mGWAS mQTL pathway elucidation

Extrusion Freeforming of Millimeter-Wave Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Photonic Crystals

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2009年第S1期14卷 168-174页

作者：吕雪松 LEE Yoonjae EVANS Julian r G PArINI Clive G Department of Chemistry University College London 20 Gordon Street London WC1H 0AJ UK Department of Electronic Engineering Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road London E1 4NS UK

Extrusion freeforming can be used for the rapid prototyping of millimeter-wave electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. In this work, an alumina-polymer paste with a relatively high volatility solvent (propanol) was used and the characteristics of the ceramic paste, particularly the rheological features are described. The advantage of high volatility solvent is that the viscosity and elastic modulus of the paste are increased sharply as the solvent evaporates. Thus, the rigidity of the extruded filament is quickly increased as a small amount of solvent evaporates. Finally, by employing this procedure, different EBG structures such as 2-D, 3-D woodpile and aperiodic structures were fabricated and their bandgaps were measured. The experimental results show that extrusion freeforming is a relatively simple and easy method to fabricate these woodpile structures with a bandgap in the 90-110 GHz region.

关键词： extrusion freeforming paste rheology electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) crystal

SETTLING TESTS FOr TrACEr PArTICLES IN STATIC WATEr

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China Ocean Engineering 1990年第4期5卷 477-490页

作者： Li, Zhangsu Cao, Gengxin Kiff, P.r. Waters, C.B. Nanjing Hydraulic research Inst Nanjing China

The production of fine sediments coated with radioisotopes to act as a tracer in studying the movement of dredging spoil involves some physical and chemical treatment of the sediment. The treatment can affect the electrochemical properties of the sediment and hence its behaviour in fresh and saline water. The effect of these changes on the degree of flocculation of the sediment has been studied by measuring the fall velocity distribution in a 4.4m settling column. The results of these tests show that the coating of inactive gold or silver on to natural sediment without any other pretreatment results in a tracer sediment having fall velocities similar to those of natural sediment. Other pretreatments result in variations in the fall velocity distributions owing to different degrees of flocculation induced by the chemical treatments. An artificial sediment consisting of finely ground scandium glass was also tested for comparison.

关键词： Soils Sediments

Modelling of Magnetorheological Fluids with Combined Lattice Boltzmann and Discrete Element Approach

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第5期7卷 1095-1117页

作者： K.Han Y.T.Feng D.r.J.Owen Civil and Computational Engineering Centre School of EngineeringSwansea UniversitySA28PPUK

A combined lattice Boltzmann and discrete element approach is proposedfor numerical modelling of magnetorheological fluids. In its formulation, the particledynamics is simulated by the discrete element method, while the fluid field is resolvedwith the lattice Boltzmann method. The coupling between the fluid and the particlesare realized through the hydrodynamic interactions. Procedures for computing magnetic, contact and hydrodynamic forces are discussed in detail. The applicability ofthe proposed solution procedure is illustrated via a two-stage simulation of a Mr fluidproblem with four different particle volume fractions. At the first stage, simulationsare performed for the particle chain formation upon application of an external magnetic field;and at the second stage, the rheological properties of the Mr fluid underdifferent shear loading conditions are investigated with the particle chains establishedat the first stage as the initial configuration.

关键词： Magnetorheological fluids particle dynamics rheological properties magnetic interaction models lattice Boltzmann method discrete element method

An Explicit Integer Programming Model of the Minimal Spanning Tree Problem for Digraphs with Asymmetric Weights

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Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 1998年第2期9卷 70-81页

作者： Feng Junwen(Naming University of Science and Technology, 210094, P. r. China) Nanjing University of Science and Technology 210094 P. R. China

As far as the minimal spanning tree problem for the digraph with asymmetric weightsis concerned, an explicit integer programming model is proposed, which could be solved successfullyusing the integer programming packages such as LINDO, and furthermore this model is extendedinto the stochastic version, that is, the minimal spanning tree problem for the digraph with theweights is not constant but random variables. Several algorithms are also developed to solve themodels. Finally, a numerical demonstration is given.

关键词： Minimal spanning tree Digraph Integer programming Asymmetric weight Stochastic spanning tree

Evaluation of alfalfa inter-seeding effect on bahiagrass baleage fermentation and lactating Holstein performance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第4期5卷 421-429页

作者： Michael E McCormick Kun Jun Han Vinicius r Moreira David C Blouin Southeast region LSU Agricultural Center 21549 Old Covington HwyHammondLA 70403USA Louisiana State University School of Plant Soil and Environmental SciencesBaton Rouge 70803USA Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Southeast Research StationP.O.Drawer 569Franklinton 70438USA Department of Experimental Statistics Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge 70803USA

Background：Previous research indicates that bahiagrass may be successfully conserved as baleage,but nutritive value is typically low for lactating dairy *** purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding modest amounts of alfalfa forage（22%）,achieved by inter-seeding alfalfa into an existing bahiagrass pasture,on baleage nutritive value and lactation performance of Holstein *** treatments employed were monoculture bahiagrass baleage（MBB;negative control）,bahiagrass-alfalfa mixture baleage（BAB） and conventional corn silage（CCS;positive control）.Thirty six mid lactation Holstein cows[34.8 ±5.8 kg 3.5%fat-corrected milk and 112 ± 19 d in milk（DIM）]were stratified according to milk yield and DIM and assigned randomly to 1 of 3 forage *** were trained to Calan feeding gates and were offered a common CCS-based TMr in a 10-d covariance period followed by a 42-d treatment feeding ***：The BAB contained more protein and less NDF than MBB（12.6 vs 10.3%CP and 71.8 vs 76.6%NDF）.Diet DMI was similar for MBB and BAB（19.5 vs 21.6 kg/hd/d）,but cows consumed more of the CCS diet（25.5 kg/hd/d）than either baleage-based *** offered BAB tended to produce more milk than cows offered MBB based TMr（28.4 vs 26.1 kg/hd/d）,but both baleage diets generated less milk than CCS-based diets（33.1 kg/hd/d）.Milk cumpusition was similar across diets except for milk protein concentrations which were higher tor CCS than either MBB or BAB diets;however,milk urea nitrogen（MUN） was lowest for cows fed CCS *** BW gain was higher for BAB than MBB implying that a portion of the higher energy contributed by the alfalfa was being used to replenish weight on these mid lactation ***：Data from this study indicate that alfalfa inter-seeded in bahiagrass sod that produces BAB with as little as 22%alfalfa may improve nutritive value compared to monoculture bahiagrass baleage and marginally improve lactation performance of Holstein ***,t

关键词： Alfalfa Bahiagrass Baleage Corn silage Lactating dairy cows

Benchmark assessment of performance indices of a selection of hybrid nanofluids in a hybrid photovoltaic/thermal system

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Clean Energy 2022年第2期6卷 247-270页

作者： O.M.Amoo r.O.Fagbenle M.O.Oyewola Department of Mechanical Engineering University of IbadanIbadanOyo StateNigeria School of Mechanical Engineering Fiji National UniversityFiji

This research is a study assessing the performance of hybrid nanofluids in hybrid photovoltaic(PV)-thermal *** study addresses 10 hybrid nanofluids applied to hybrid PV-thermal *** transition to carbon-free energy can mitigate the worst effects of climate change,ensuring that global sustainability is *** energy is now responsible for one-third of the global capacity,of which 20%is attributed to solar *** continue to be economically viable,with declining costs driving *** study aims to compare the yearly performances of a model hybrid PV-thermal system using 10 different hybrid *** nanofluids constitute two or more dissimilar materials stably suspended in a base fluid(***).MATLAB and COMSOL Multiphysics®computational fluid dynamics software are employed together for the benchmarking assessment with good agreement *** fluid inlet temperatures(Tin∈[300,360]K),nanofluid volume concentrations(φ∈[0,4]%)and storage-tank volumes(V∈[50,300]L)were *** meteorological data applied were those for Lagos,Nigeria(6°27’55.5192”N,3°24’23.2128”E).The assessment based on analytical-numerical solutions reveals that the thermal enhancement by hybrid nanofluids ranges from 6.7%(graphene oxide[GO]-multiwalled carbon nanotube[MWCNT]/water)to 7%(ZnO-Mn-ZnFe2O4/water)forφ=2%and V=300 *** yearly exergy efficiency ranges from 2.8%(ZnO-Mn-ZnFe2O4/water)to 2.9%(GO-MWCNT/water),also forφ=2%and V=300 *** findings have implications for a vast range of industrial processes,expanding the knowledge that is critical to a sustainable future.

关键词： energy transformation hybrid photovoltaic-thermal(PV/T)system hybrid nanofluids COMSOL Multiphysics® MATLAB enhancements