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Affairs happen---to whom？ A study on extrapair paternity in common nightingales

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 421-431页

作者： Conny landgraf Kerstin WILHELM Jutta WIrTH Michael WEISS Silke KIPPEr Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife research (IZW) Alfred-Kowalke-StraBe 17 10315 Berlin Germany Animal Behavior Group Free University of Berlin TakustraBe 6 14195 Berlin Germany Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UIm Albert Einstein Allee 11 89069 UIm Germany Behavioural Ecology Group Department of Animal Sciences Wageningen University De Elst 1 6708 WD Wageningen The Netherlands Department of Exposition Unit Epidemiology Statistics and Mathematical Modelling Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10 10589 Berlin Germany Chair of Zoology School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan Technische Universitat Munchen LieseI-Beckmann-StraBe 4 85350 Freising Germany

Most birds engage in extrapair copulations despite great differences across and within species. Besides cost and benefit considerations of the two sex environmental factors have been found to alter mating strategies within or between populations and/or over time. For socially monogamous species, the main advantage that females might gain from mating with multiple males is probably increasing their offspring＇s genetic fitness. Since male （genetic） quality is mostly not directly meas- urable for female birds, （extrapair） mate choice is based on male secondary traits. In passerines male song is such a sexual ornament indicating male phenotypic and/or genetic quality and song repertoires seem to affect female mate choice in a number of species. Yet their role in extrapair mating behavior is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the proportion of extrapair paternity （EPP） in a population of common nightingales Luscinia megarhynchos. We found that EPP rate was rather high （21.5% of all offspring tested） for a species without sexual dimorphism and high levels of paternal care. Furthermore, the occurrence of EPP was strongly related to the spatial distribution of male territories with males settling in densely occupied areas having higher proportions of extrapair young within their own brood. Also, song repertoire size affected EPP： here larger repertoires of social mates were negatively related to the probability of being cuck- olded. When directly comparing repertoires sizes of social and extrapair mates, extrapair mates tended to have larger repertoires. We finally discuss our results as a hint for a flexible mating strat- egy in nightingales where several factors--including ecological as well as male song features-- need to be considered when studying reproductive behavior in monogamous species with complex song.

关键词： common nightingale direct fitness extrapair paternity Luscinia megarhynchos repertoire size territorial settlement.

Humanized bone facilitates prostate cancer metastasis and recapitulates therapeutic effects of zoledronic acid in vivo

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Bone research 2019年第4期7卷 388-398页

作者： Marietta landgraf Christoph ALahr Alvaro Sanchez-Herrero Christoph Meinert Ali Shokoohmand Pamela MPollock Dietmar WHutmacher Abbas Shafiee Jacqui AMcGovern Centre in regenerative Medicine Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia School of Biomedical Science Institute of Health and Biomedical InnovationTranslational Research InstituteQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia Australian research Council(ArC)Training Centre in Additive Biomanufacturing Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia UQ Diamantina Institute Translational Research InstituteThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

Advanced prostate cancer(PCa)is known for its high prevalence to metastasize to bone,at which point it is considered *** significant effort,there is no animal model capable of recapitulating the complexity of PCa bone *** humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis used in this study aims to provide a platform for the assessment of new drugs by recapitulating the human–human cell interactions relevant for disease development and *** humanized tissueengineered bone construct(hTEBC)was created within NOD-scid IL2rgnull(NSG)mice and was used for the study of experimental PC3-Luc bone *** was confirmed that PC3-Luc cells preferentially grew in the hTEBC compared with murine *** translational potential of the humanized mouse model for PCa bone metastasis was evaluated with two clinically approved osteoprotective therapies,the non-species-specific bisphosphonate zoledronic acid(ZA)or the human-specific antibody Denosumab,both targeting receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-Β***,but not Denosumab,significantly decreased metastases in hTEBCs,but not murine *** results highlight the importance of humanized models for the preclinical research on PCa bone metastasis and indicate the potential of the bioengineered mouse model to closely mimic the metastatic cascade of PCa cells to human ***,it will enable the development of new effective antimetastatic treatments.

关键词： metastasis PC3 drugs

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Assessment of Triazine Herbicides in Soil by Microwave-assisted Extraction Followed by Gas Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Detection

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 2017年第1期11卷 1-8页

作者： Darlan Ferreira Silva Maria Diva landgraf Maria Olimpia Oliveira rezende Chemistry Institute of Sao Carlos University of S6o Paulo Avenida Trabalhador S6o Carlense S~o Carlos-SP 13566 590 Brasil

An alternative and fast method for the analysis of a mixture of nine triazines herbicides in soil is presented. The method is based on MAE （microwave-assisted extraction） of herbicides using ethyl acetate as extractant. The economy in the use of solvents coupled with the decrease in extraction time and lower power consumption make MAE a technique that meets the principles of green chemistry. MAE operational parameters, extraction time, mass of the sample and extraction temperature, were optimized by rSM （response surface methodology）. Determination of analytes was completed using gas chromatograph coupled to mass spectrometry detection. The selected triazines could be efficiently extracted by the solvent at 80 ℃ for 10 min, with 80% output of maximum power. When the optimized method was applied to analysis samples, the recoveries of analytes ranged from 81.8 to 106.0% and relative standard deviations were lower than 8.41%. The method is stable and reasonable, which can be used for the determination of ninetriazine herbicides residues in soil.

关键词： Factorial design response surface methodology microwave-assisted extraction herbicides triazines.

Prion-induced neurotoxicity: Possible role for cell cycle activity and DNA damage response

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World Journal of Virology 2015年第3期4卷 188-197页

作者： raymond Bujdoso Matthias landgraf Walker S Jackson Alana M Thackray Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Cambridge Department of Zoology University of Cambridge German Center for Neurodegenerative Disease (DZNE)

Protein misfolding neurodegenerative diseases arisethrough neurotoxicity induced by aggregation of host proteins. These conditions include Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, motor neuron disease, tauopathies and prion diseases. Collectively, these conditions are a challenge to society because of the increasing aged population and through the real threat to human food security by animal prion diseases. It is therefore important to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie protein misfolding--induced neurotoxicity as this will form the basis for designing strategies to alleviate their burden. Prion diseases are an important paradigm for neurodegenerative conditions in general since several of these maladies have now been shown to display prion--like phenomena. Increasingly, cell cycle activity and the DNA damage response are recognised as cellular events that participate in the neurotoxic process of various neurodegenerative diseases, and their associated animal models, which suggests they are truly involved in the pathogenic process and are not merely epiphenomena. Here we review the role of cell cycle activity and the DNA damage response in neurodegeneration associated with protein misfolding diseases, and suggest that these events contribute towards prion--induced neurotoxicity. In doing so, we highlight PrP transgenic Drosophila as a tractable model for the genetic analysis of transmissible mammalian prion disease.

关键词： Neurodegenerative disease Protein misfolding Prion Transmissible Cell cycle DNA repair Chromatin PrP transgenic Drosophila

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材料及工艺对板簧疲劳性能的影响

世界汽车 1984年第3期 48-55页

作者： r.W.landgraf 杨百川

车辆钢板弹簧的机械性能,受材料及工艺方面许多细节综合的影响。例如,在制造过程中弹簧钢一般要经加热成形和热处理,随后经喷丸和预压缩等机械加工。每个步骤都能显著影响材料的组织、性能以及表层中残余应力的分布。从设计上来说,重要... 详细信息

车辆钢板弹簧的机械性能,受材料及工艺方面许多细节综合的影响。例如,在制造过程中弹簧钢一般要经加热成形和热处理,随后经喷丸和预压缩等机械加工。每个步骤都能显著影响材料的组织、性能以及表层中残余应力的分布。从设计上来说,重要的是对各种加工程序要有能预先估计它的疲劳性

关键词：残余应力预压缩循环应力残余内应力残余应变喷丸表面硬化疲劳寿命疲劳力学性质板簧板式弹簧

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工程设计：一体化还是灵活组合？

流程工业 2014年第4期 46-46,48,49页

作者： Evelyn landgraf 罗斯博格公司市场部

如今，在过程工业领域中“一体化工程设计”是在讨论工程设计中无处不谈的话题。的确，将所有项目数据集中到一个统一的数据库，并在工厂的整个生命周期，仅使用一种单一工具，从最初概念到基础设计，从详细设计、现场施工到试车运行，... 详细信息

如今，在过程工业领域中“一体化工程设计”是在讨论工程设计中无处不谈的话题。的确，将所有项目数据集中到一个统一的数据库，并在工厂的整个生命周期，仅使用一种单一工具，从最初概念到基础设计，从详细设计、现场施工到试车运行，这个想法，听起来确实很有吸引力。然而，这种思想在理论上听起来不错，不幸的是在实践中却是无法实现的。

关键词：工程设计一体化工业领域数据集中生命周期基础设计试车运行现场施工

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传染性腔上囊病预防接种的新内容

国外畜牧学(猪与禽) 1987年第1期 36-37页

作者： H.landgraf 汝劲

“冈布罗病”最早于1962年发生于美国特拉华州一个小镇——冈布罗附近的一群肉用仔鸡。从类似的暴发中分离出一种称为传染性腔上囊病原体,现在已了解这是一种单股rNA病毒——传染性腔上囊病(IBD)病毒,此后,世界大部分地区都报道了本病... 详细信息

“冈布罗病”最早于1962年发生于美国特拉华州一个小镇——冈布罗附近的一群肉用仔鸡。从类似的暴发中分离出一种称为传染性腔上囊病原体,现在已了解这是一种单股rNA病毒——传染性腔上囊病(IBD)病毒,此后,世界大部分地区都报道了本病。与其他无囊膜的病毒一样,IBD病毒极其稳定,只有用甲醛及含碘和氯的消毒剂才能杀灭。如

关键词：腔上囊 IBD 母鸡病变法氏囊淋巴器官灭活疫苗传染性腔上囊病周龄种鸡群油佐剂母源抗体疫苗接种

用于防爆区域的电子文档——在防爆区域使用电子文档可以节约时间和费用，改善数据质量

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流程工业 2010年第12期 50-52页

作者： Evelyn landgraf Nora Crocoll 罗斯博格自控有限公司市场部负责人不详

在工业领域中涉及潜在爆炸性介质的所有区域，都有一个共同点：工业装置非常密集。为了提高装置的可靠性，定期检修是必不可少的。完善的文档管理系统为工程师的检修任务提供有力支持。根据工厂的规模，文档数量可能会非常惊人。由于现... 详细信息

在工业领域中涉及潜在爆炸性介质的所有区域，都有一个共同点：工业装置非常密集。为了提高装置的可靠性，定期检修是必不可少的。完善的文档管理系统为工程师的检修任务提供有力支持。根据工厂的规模，文档数量可能会非常惊人。由于现在的文档只是以纸张形式存在，且有些工厂中文档有多种版本，因此更新文档需要耗费大量的时间和人力。本文将介绍电子文档在装置中应用的优点。

关键词：电子文档节约时间防爆区域数据质量费用工业装置文档管理系统定期检修

Dissociating Improvement of Attention and Intelligence during Written Language Acquisition in Adults

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International Journal of Intelligence Science 2011年第2期1卷 17-24页

作者： Steffen landgraf reinhard Beyer Ann Pannekamp Gesa Schaadt Darina Koch Manja Foth Elke van der Meer 不详

About one tenth of the world’s population cannot read and write sufficiently. Cognitive abilities, such as selective attention and crystallized as well as fluid intelligence, have been defined as crucial factors for the acquisition of written language skills. However, it is unclear whether these abilities are necessary also for the alphabetization of adults. Before and after a one-year alphabetization course, we compared the attention and intelligence of 47 illiterate individuals to 41 matched literate controls who did not take part in the alphabetization course. Illiterate individuals improved in selective attention and crystallized intelligence from before to after the alphabetization course;however, they did not reach the same level of functioning as literate controls. In addition, the fluid intelligence of illiterates did not improve. More importantly, when controlling for attention improvement, we found that improvement in crystallized intelligence was associated with alphabetization above and beyond the influence of attention. Our results suggest that alphabetization is closely related to improvements in attention and crystallized intelligence. Specifically, socio-cultural, knowledge- specific learning processes improve during the acquisition of written language skills and may not depend on only the enhancement of the ability to attend to relevant stimuli. Alphabetization programs may, therefore, benefit from distinct considerations of attentional, intellectual, and literacy related skill acquisitions.

关键词： Alphabetization Course Illiterate Adults Crystallized Intelligence Fluid Intelligence Attention Written Language Acquisition