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Future for inertial-fusion energy in Europe:a roadmap

high Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 162-192页

作者： Dimitri Batani Arnaud Colaitis Fabrizio Consoli Colin N.Danson Leonida Antonio Gizzi Javier honrubia Thomas Kühl Sebastien Le Pape Jean-Luc Miquel Jose Manuel Perlado r.h.h.scott Michael Tatarakis Vladimir Tikhonchuk Luca Volpe Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications(CELIA) Universitéde Bordeaux±CNRS±CEATalence cedexFrance ENEA Fusion and Technology for Nuclear Safety and Security DepartmentC.R.FrascatiFrascatiItaly AWE AldermastonReadingUK Centre for Inertial Fusion Studies Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK Istituto Nazionale di Ottica Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-INO)PisaItaly ETSIAE Universidad Politecnica de Madrid MadridSpain GSI-helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung Gmbh DarmstadtGermany Laboratoire pour l’Utilisation des Lasers Intenses(LULI) CNRS±Ecole PolytechniquePalaiseau cedexFrance ALP Le BarpFrance and CEA/DAMÎle de FranceBruyères le ChâtelArpajon cedexFrance Instituto Fusión NuclearªGuillermo Velardeº(IFN-GV) Universidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryHarwell OxfordOxfordshireUK Institute of Plasma Physics and Lasers University Research and Innovation CentreHellenic Mediterranean UniversityRethymnoCreteGreece Department of Electronic Engineering School of EngineeringHellenic Mediterranean UniversityChaniaCreteGreece Extreme Light Infrastructure ErIC ELI-Beamlines FacilityDolníBÏrežanyCzech Republic Centro de Laseres Pulsados(CLPU) Parque CientificoVillamayorSalamancaSpain

The recent achievement of fusion ignition with laser-driven technologies at the National Ignition Facility sets a historic accomplishment in fusion energy *** accomplishment paves the way for using laser inertial fusion as a viable approach for future energy *** has a unique opportunity to empower research in this field internationally,and the scientific community is eager to engage in this *** propose establishing a European programme on inertial-fusion energy with the mission to demonstrate laser-driven ignition in the direct-drive scheme and to develop pathway technologies for the commercial fusion *** proposed roadmap is based on four complementary axes:(ⅰ)the physics of laser-plasma interaction and burning plasmas;(ⅱ)high-energy high repetition rate laser technology;(ⅲ)fusion reactor technology and materials;and(ⅳ)reinforcement of the laser fusion community by international education and training *** foresee collaboration with universities,research centres and industry and establishing joint activities with the private sector involved in laser *** project aims to stimulate a broad range of high-profile industrial developments in laser,plasma and radiation technologies along with the expected high-level socio-economic impact.

关键词： education and training fusion reactor technology high-energy laser high repetition rate laser inertial confinement fusion laser-plasma interaction public-private partnership radiation resistant materials

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holographic dark energy in non-conserved gravity theory

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第4期76卷 126-133页

作者： h r Fazlollahi Institute of Gravitation and Cosmology Peoples Friendship University of Russia(RUDN University)6 Miklukho-Maklaya StMoscow117198Russia

recently, reconsidering the rastall idea T_(μ;νν)^(v)=α_(,μ) through relativistic thermodynamics gives a new form for the scalar field α which led us to construct modern modified theory of gravity debugged ‘non-conserved gravity theory’ Fazlollahi 2023 Euro. Phys. J. C 83 923. This theory unlike other modified theories of gravity cannot directly explain the current acceleration expansion in the absence of the cosmological constant and or existence of other forms of dark energy. hence, in this study we have reinvestigated holographic dark energy Ρ_(X)~h^(2) in the non-conserved theory of gravity. In this context, the density and pressure of dark energy depend on the non-conserved term and density of the dust matter field. As shown, due to non-conservation effects on large-scale structures, unlike the original holographic model, our model onsets an acceleration epoch for the current Universe satisfies observations. Moreover, the interaction and viscous scenarios are studied for this model.

关键词： non-conserved gravity covariant form of thermodynamics holographic dark energy

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Flexible neural probes:a review of the current advantages,drawbacks,and future demands

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2024年第2期25卷 153-167页

作者： Sara PIMENTA Joao r.FrEITAS Joséh.COrrEIA CMEMS-UMinho University of MinhoGuimarães4800-058Portugal LABBELS-Associate Laboratory Braga/GuimarãesPortugal

Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic *** use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network ***,neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological *** implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities(electrical,optical,and fluidic interactions)has been increasing in the last few years,leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial *** the applicability of,and elements integrated into,neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces,reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition *** this paper,we review the fabrication,characterization,and validation of several types of flexible neural probes,exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these ***,future developments and applications are ***,this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.

关键词： Brain knowledge Flexible interface Multifunctional probe

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Free vibration and buckling analysis of polymeric composite beams reinforced by functionally graded bamboo fbers

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第3期45卷 543-562页

作者： h.M.FEIZABAD M.h.YAS Department of Mechanical Engineering Razi UniversityKermanshah ***Iran

Natural fibers have been extensively researched as reinforcement materials in polymers on account of their environmental and economic advantages in comparison with synthetic fibers in the recent *** fibers are renowned for their good mechanical properties,abundance,and short cycle *** beams are one of the fundamental structural components and are susceptible to mechanical loads in engineering applications,this paper performs a study on the free vibration and buckling responses of bamboo fiber reinforced composite(BFrC)beams on the elastic *** different functionally graded(FG)layouts and a uniform one are the considered distributions for unidirectional long bamboo fibers across the *** elastic properties of the composite are determined with the law of *** hamilton’s principle,the governing equations of motion are *** generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)is then applied to the equations to obtain the *** achieved outcomes exhibit that the natural frequency and buckling load values vary as the fiber volume fractions and distributions,elastic foundation stiffness values,and boundary conditions(BCs)and slenderness ratio of the beam ***,a comparative study is conducted between the derived analysis outcomes for BFrC and homogenous polymer beams to examine the effectiveness of bamboo fibers as reinforcement materials,demonstrating the significant enhancements in both vibration and buckling responses,with the exception of natural frequencies for cantilever beams on the Pasternak foundation with the FG-◇fiber ***,the obtained analysis results of BFrC beams are also compared with those for carbon nanotube reinforced composite(CNTrC)beams found in the literature,indicating that the buckling loads and natural frequencies of BFrC beams are lower than those of CNTrC beams.

关键词： bamboo fiber free vibration buckling analysis functionally graded(FG)beam elastic foundation generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM)

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Deformable microlaser force sensing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第6期13卷 1196-1209页

作者： Eleni Dalaka Joseph Shill Jonathan h.h.Booth Anna Popczyk Stefan r.Pulver Malte C.Gather Marcel Schubert Centre of Biophotonics SUPASchool of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsUK humboldt Centre for Nano-and Biophotonics Department of ChemistryUniversity of CologneKölnGermany School of Psychology and Neuroscience University of St AndrewsSt Mary’s QuadSouth StreetSt AndrewsUK Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia BarcelonaSpain

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function,affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration,embryogenesis,immunological responses,and pathological *** force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in ***,current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue,reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological ***,we introduce DEFOrM,deformable microlaser force sensing,a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal *** is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer *** validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force,DEFOrM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila *** furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution,thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis,tissue remodeling,and tumor invasion.

关键词： invasion otherwise hundreds

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rational design of AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots with a near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield via double shelling scheme

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 235-242页

作者： h.X.Lu h.Liu Z.Z.Fu Y.Y.Chen h.Q.Dai Z.hu W.L.Zhang r.Q.Guo Institute for Electric Light Sources School of Information Science and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Institute of Future Lighting Academy for Engineering and TechnologyFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Yiwu research Institute of Fudan University YiwuZhejiang 322000China Zhongshan-Fudan Joint Innovation Center Zhongshan 528437China

In this study,a two-step method was used to synthesize highly luminescent AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS quantum dots(QDs).In the first step,an inner ZnS shell was formed via a one-pot method,which resulted in a smaller lattice mismatch between the AgGaS core and the outer ZnS shell,thereby facilitating the formation of a thick outer *** the two-step shelling process,the synthesized AgGaS/ZnS/ZnS QDs showed an excellent photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 96.4%with a peak wavelength of 508 nm,repre-senting the highest PLQY reported thus far for AgGaS ***,the effect of halogen ions in Zn precursors on the shelling process was *** was proposed that the capacity of halogen ions to coordinate with the QDs influenced the balance between Zn cation diffusion and ZnS shelling ***,the ZnS shelling reaction was dominant when ZnCl_(2)was employed,while Zn cation diffusion was the dominant process under the I^(−)-rich *** work provides insights into the interfacial restructuring during the ZnS shelling and offers a clear map for the tailored synthesis of core/shell QDs.

关键词： AgGaS Quantum dots Photoluminescence Core/shell Alloyed core/shell interface

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Integralinput-to-statestability ystemswithsmalldelays Integral input-to-state stability of systems with small delays

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Control Theory and Technology 2024年第3期22卷 455-467页

作者： r.h.harsha Nawarathna Yuandan Lin Yuan Wang Department of Mathematical Sciences Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431USA

We consider how small delays affect the integral-input-to-state stability(iss)property for a *** result is similar to the input-to-state stability(Iss)result obtained in[1]:the iss property will be preserved in a practical and semi-global manner if the delay interval is small ***,since the iss quantifies the robust stability in terms of a generalized Li norm of the inputs instead of a generalized Loo norm of the inputs for the Iss case,the techniques and proofs for the Iss case do not apply to the iss case *** the proofs in[1]are based on the Lyapunov-razumikhin approach,our proofs are based on the iss-Lyapunov functions for the zero-delay *** addition to the interest by its own in showing how the iss property is affected by small delays,the result also serves to the study of the iss property for singularly perturbed systems.

关键词： Integral-input-to-state stability Nonlinear systems Small delays Lyapunov method

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Energy Design and Optimization of Greenhouse by Natural Convection

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Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing 2024年第8期20卷 1903-1913页

作者： h.Benzzine h.Labrim Aouatif Saad Y.Achour D.Zejli r.El Bouayadi Advanced Systems Engineering Laboratory(ASELab) National School of Applied SciencesIbn Tofail UniversityKenitraMorocco

This study addresses the pressing need for energy-efficient greenhouse management by focusing on the innovative application of natural *** primary objective of this study is to evaluate various ventilation strategies to enhance energy efficiency and optimize crop production in agricultural *** advanced numerical simulation tools,the study conducts a comprehensive assessment of natural ventilation’s effectiveness under real-world *** results underscore the crucial role of the stack effect and strategic window positioning in greenhouse cooling,providing valuable insights for greenhouse *** findings shed light on the significant benefits of optimized ventilation and also offer practical implications for improving greenhouse design,ensuring sustainable and efficient agricultural *** study demonstrated energy savings in cooling from November to April,with a maximum saving of 680 kWh in March,indicating the effectiveness of strategically positioning windows to leverage the stack *** approach enhances plant growth and reduces the need for costly cooling systems,thereby improving overall energy efficiency and lowering operational expenses.

关键词： Energy greenhouse cooling natural ventilation simulation temperature

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Convexification of hybrid AC-DC Optimal Power Flow with Line-Commutated Converters

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 617-628页

作者： hongyuan Liang Zhigang Li J.h.Zheng Q.h.Wu School of Electric Power Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Line-commutated converter (LCC)-based high-voltage DC (hVDC) systems have been integrated with bulk AC power grids for interregional transmission of renewable power. The nonlinear LCC model brings additional nonconvexity to optimal power flow (OPF) of hybrid AC-DC power grids. A convexification method for the LCC station model could address such nonconvexity but has rarely been discussed. We devise an equivalent reformulation for classical LCC station models that facilitates second-order cone convex relaxation for the OPF of LCC-based AC-DC power grids. We also propose sufficient conditions for exactness of convex relaxation with its proof. Equivalence of the proposed LCC station models and properties, exactness, and effectiveness of convex relaxation are verified using four numerical simulations. Simulation results demonstrate a globally optimal solution of the original OPF can be efficiently obtained from relaxed model.

关键词： AC-DC power system convex relaxation linecommutated converter optimal power flow second-order cone programming

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Shell-model representations of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第8期76卷 81-92页

作者： h G Ganev Joint Institute for Nuclear research Dubna Russia Institute of Mechanics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences

The structure of the irreducible collective spaces of the group Sp（12, r）, which many-particle nuclear states are classified according to the chain Sp（12, r） ? U（6） ? SO（6） ? SUpn（3） ■SO（2） ? SO（3） of the proton–neutron symplectic model（PNSM）, is considered in detail. This chain of the PNSM was recently shown to correspond to a microscopic shell-model version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model. The construction of the relevant shell-model representations of the Sp（12, r） group along this chain is considered for three nuclei with varying collective properties and from different mass regions. It is shown that the SUpn（3） basis states of the Sp（12, r） representations belonging to the SO（6） irreps with seniority υ ≥ υ0, with υ0denoting the maximal seniority SO（6） irrep contained in the Sp（12, r） bandhead, are always Pauli allowed, but organized in a different way into different SO（6） shells. This is in contrast to the case of filling the levels of the standard three-dimensional harmonic oscillator and using the plethysm operation. Although the SUpn（3） multiplets within υ re not all Pauli forbidden, it is safe to discard them. The results obtained in the present work are important for the practical application of the microscopic version of the Bohr–Mottelson collective model.

关键词： microscopic shell-model version of the Bohr-Mottelson model proton-neutron symplectic model shell-model representations Sp(12, r) dynamical algebra

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