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Artificial senses for characterization of food quality

Journal of Bionic engineering 2004年第3期1卷 159-173页

作者： r.e. Lacey Biological and Agricultural engineering Department Texas A & M University USA

Food quality is of primary concern in the food industry and to the consumer. Systems that mimic human senses have been developed and applied to the characterization of food quality. The five primary senses are: vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch. In the characterization of food quality, people assess the samples sensorially and differentiate “good”from “bad”on a continuum. However, the human sensory system is subjective, with mental and physical inconsistencies, and needs time to work. Artificial senses such as machine vision, the electronic ear, electronic nose, electronic tongue, artificial mouth and even artificial the head have been developed that mimic the human senses. These artificial senses are coordinated individually or collectively by a pat- tern recognition technique, typically artificial neural networks, which have been developed based on studies of the mechanism of the human brain. Such a structure has been used to formulate methods for rapid characterization of food quality. This research presents and discusses individual artificial sensing systems. With the concept of multi-sensor data fusion these sensor systems can work collectively in some way. Two such fused systems, artificial mouth and artificial head, are described and discussed. It indicates that each of the individual systems has their own artificially sensing ability to differentiate food samples. It further indicates that with a more complete mimic of human intelligence the fused systems are more powerful than the individual sys- tems in differentiation of food samples.

关键词： food quality artificial senses quality quantification artificial neural networks feature extraction multi-sensor data fusion

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Fully integrated approach： an alternative solution of coupling a GIS and diffuse pollution models

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Frontiers of environmental Science & engineering 2014年第4期8卷 616-623页

作者： S. LIU r.e. BrAZIer A. L. HeATHWAITe W. LIU School of environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Geography University of Exeter EX4 4R J Exeter UK Centre for Sustainable Water Management The Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YQ UK

As a tool for management, query, visualization and analysis of spatially refer.e. information, GIS has been recognized as a method to aid the modeling of diffuse pollution and visualize the results in a spatial context. A common question in integrating diffuse pollution models and GIS is to choose a suitable coupling approach, in which the feature of diffuse pollution models should be taken into account. In this paper, we report on our.e.per.e.ce in coupling a distributed diffuse pollution model with a GIS. A prototype of fully integrated system is developed in this paper. This system has high flexibility, extendibility and great data management efficiency. Differences in applicability of loose coupling, tight coupling and fully integrated approaches are addressed. It is concluded that the fully integrated approach can avoid tanglesome data exchange and routine execution and more robust than loose and tight coupling approaches and is suitable for distributed diffuse pollution modes.

关键词： diffuse pollution GIS modeling nutr.e.ts phosphorus

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图解简明美国英语语法

图解简明美国英语语法

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作者： r.e.·海登(r.e. Hayden)

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Phase-Locked Loops: Design, Simulation, and Applications 5th ed.

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2003年

作者： Best r.e.

Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are electronic circuits used for frequency control. Anything using radio waves, from simple radios and cell phones to sophisticated military communications gear uses ***

ISBN: (纸本)9780071501231

Phase Locked Loops (PLLs) are electronic circuits used for frequency control. Anything using radio waves, from simple radios and cell phones to sophisticated military communications gear uses ***

关键词： Phaselocked loops.

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图解简明美国英语语法第1版

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1983年

作者：〔美〕r.e.海顿等

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从零开始:90年代美国的外交政策

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世界社会科学 1993年第12期 44-46+55页

作者： r.e.亨特 ,余昌楷

40多年来,美国第一次在外交政策上面临根本性选择和决定。自从第二次世界大战结束和冷战开始,美国外交调整的愿望和能力就未受过考验。现在美国正面临新的情况。美国在波斯湾战争中取得了惊人的胜利,但才停火几天,美国人民就把它忘却了... 详细信息

40多年来,美国第一次在外交政策上面临根本性选择和决定。自从第二次世界大战结束和冷战开始,美国外交调整的愿望和能力就未受过考验。现在美国正面临新的情况。美国在波斯湾战争中取得了惊人的胜利,但才停火几天,美国人民就把它忘却了。在南斯拉夫内战中,美国甚至没有作为和平缔造者进行干预……。对这些变化,美国人同苏联人一样麻木不仁。美国迫于自身的迫切问题有从外部世界撤退的呼声:寻求解决医疗保健、教育、基础设施与投资、毒品与犯罪、城市与环境问题。据称,这些议事日程应排在首位,因为世界其他国家都在自扫门前雪,不需要美国的领导和干预,甚至不顾美国的利益。这种撤退和内向的思想,从美国的经验而言,并非不合逻辑。冷战已以美国的胜利而告终。苏联已全部吐出它

关键词：美国外部世界波斯湾战争美利坚合众国北美洲外交政策对外政策冷战后时代从零开始

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热固性塑料的注与传递模塑

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作者： (德)r.e.怀特

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作为信息科学的人工智能研究

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世界社会科学 1991年第11期 62-63页

作者： r.e.科夫 ,岳啸

人工智能(AI)是关于智能的计算研究,从而是信息科学。恰如分子生物学试图探清造成生命现象的基本的生物化学机制一样,AI旨在阐释智能行为的信息处理基础。支撑AI研究的基本假设是,智能的所有形式在原则上都可以还原为信息处理机制。AI的

关键词：计算机程序信息处理机制人工智能符号处理数据处理智能行为

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IDeNTIFYING NATUrAL GAS LeAKS TO THe ATMOSPHere WITH OPTICAL IMAGING

IDENTIFYING NATURAL GAS LEAKS TO THE ATMOSPHERE WITH OPTICAL...

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第三届国际甲烷与氧化亚氮减排技术大会

作者： robinson D.r. Luke-Boone,r.e. ICF Consulting In ICF Consulting Inc

Methane is one of the most significant anthropogenic gr.e.house gases,whose global warming potential and sour.e. are well *** natural gas industry is a major sour.e.of methane *** 2001,unintended（fugitive）leaks from valves,piping connectors,open-ended lines,and pump and compressor seals totaled 3.9 Tg（58%of total *** from the natural gas industry）.In the *** industry,less than 1 per.e.t（%）of the thousands of potentially leaking sour.e. contribute over 90%of fugitive *** these few lar.e.leakers in a cost-effective way is a challenge for the *** cur.e.t practice in the *** other countr.e. is to visit each and every potentially leaking component,and"sniff"it with a hand-held gas *** is time consuming,labor intensive,costly and limited to components within the reach of the gas detector *** imaging（Ol）is a new technology that allows the user to"see"a live image of fugitive gas leaks into the *** different types of Ol technologies-sensitive to fugitive leaks-are being developed,and one is now commercially *** devices allow a user to scan hundreds of components in minutes,identify those few that are leaking,and video record the leakers for verification and *** paper describes different Ol leak detection technologies,how they are more cost effective than cur.e.tly used hand-held gas detectors,what may be possible in methane emission reductions,and future outlook for *** presentation will show an actual video of gas leaks detected with an optical imager.

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Multisensor Data Fusion for High Quality Data Analysis and Processing in Measurement and Instrumentation

Multisensor Data Fusion for High Quality Data Analysis and P...

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The International Conference of Bionic engineering(ICBe’06)

作者： Hoffmann W.C. Lacey r.e. USDA ArS Agricultural engineerAreawide Pest Management research Unit Biological and Agricultural engineering DepartmentTexas A&M University

＜正＞Multisensor data fusion is an emerging technology to fuse data from multiple sensors in or.e. to make a more accurate estimation of the environment through measurement and *** of multisensor data fusion cross a wide spectrum in military and civilian *** the rapid evolution of computers and the proliferation of micro-mechanical/electrical systems sensors,the utilization of multisensor data fusion is being popularized in research and *** paper focuses on application of multisensor data fusion for high quality data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation.A practical,general data fusion scheme is established on the basis of feature extraction and mer.e.of data from multiple *** scheme integrates artificial neural networks fur high performance pattern recognition. A number of successful applications in areas of NDI （Non-Destructive Inspection） corrosion detection,food quality and safety characterization,and precision agriculture are described and discussed in or.e. to motivate new applications in these or other *** paper gives an overall picture of using the multisensor data fusion method to increase the accuracy of data analysis and processing in measurement and instrumentation in different areas of applications.

关键词： multisensor data fusion artificial neural networks NDI food quality and safety characterization precision agriculture

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