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世界地震译丛 1994年第4期25卷 38-46页

作者： r.c.aster P.M.Shearer J.Berger 周民都国家地震局兰州地震研究所

1.引言对地震剪切波质点运动的大量研究显示出异常现象,这可能是由于地壳各向异性产生剪切波分裂造成的(例如 Gupta,1973b;Booth 等,1985;buchbinder,1985;crampin 等,1985;crampin

关键词：地震预报剪切波偏振定量测量

南极洲罗斯岛埃里伯斯火山斯特隆博利爆发的宽频带记录及伴随的甚长周期地震信号

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世界地震译丛 2000年第4期31卷 72-77页

作者： c.A.rowe r.c.aster P.r.Kyle J.W.Schlue r.r.Dibble 佟玉霞中国地震局地球物理研究所

在1996年12月和1997年1月,3个宽频带地震台被布设在埃里伯斯火山最高处的平顶上,它们距离火山口中心分别为0.7,1.4和1.9km,火山口内是熔岩湖。在埃里伯斯火山的斯特隆博利爆发以前检测到有显著能量的地震和声能,其频带为1～6Hz。新的观... 详细信息

在1996年12月和1997年1月,3个宽频带地震台被布设在埃里伯斯火山最高处的平顶上,它们距离火山口中心分别为0.7,1.4和1.9km,火山口内是熔岩湖。在埃里伯斯火山的斯特隆博利爆发以前检测到有显著能量的地震和声能,其频带为1～6Hz。新的观测数据表明有明显的附加信号,其频谱的峰值靠近7.7,11.4和20.4s。爆发前约1.5s开始出现几乎完全相似的具有膨胀初动的甚长周期信号,并持续了150s。所有3个台站都记录到了甚长周期波形,表明地震图基本是受震源控制的。质点运动分析表明,甚长周期源的初始矩心大约在几百米深,在约15s内迁移到更深的位置。与爆发事件伴随的甚长周期信号可能出现一种重复的非破坏性谐振,表明在岩脉开放型火山近顶峰处的岩浆系内存在非线性液流激发机制。

关键词：地震活动性埃里伯斯火山火山爆发地震信号

Mammal-bearing Pleistocene deposits,Vranic,southwestern Pannonian Basin System

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第3期13卷 430-452页

作者： Adriano Banak Zsòfia ruszkiczay-rüdiger Anita Grizelj Martina Đuras Kresimir Petrinjak aster Team Alexander Wieser Monika Milosevic Davor Pavelic Department of Geology Croatian Geological SurveyMilana Sachsa 2HR-10000 ZagrebCroatia Institute for Geological and Geochemical research HUN-REN Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences(MTA Centre of Excellence)Budaorsi Street 451112 BudapestHungary The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of ZagrebHeinzelova 55HR-10000 ZagrebCroatia cErEGE CNRS-IRD-College de France-INRAE UM34Aix-Marseille UniversiteAix-en-ProvenceFrance Faculty of Physics-Isotope Physics University of ViennaWahringer Straße 171090 ViennaAustria Faculty of Mining Geology and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of ZagrebPierottijeva 6HR-10000 ZagrebCroatia

Vranic site is a sand quarry that is located on the southern foothills of Papuk *** bottom to top of the succession,three sedimentary units have been recognized as:Unit 1 containing massive sand with scattered gravel-sized clasts,marl cobbles and boulders,and abundant marine mammal and fish fossils;Unit 2 consisting of sand intercalated with silt,clay and gravel,which may be horizontally bedded;and Unit 3,which is an erosionally-based lenticular matrix to clast-supported structureless *** basal part of Unit 1 shows numerous reworked skeletal remains of Miocene marine *** radionuclides constrain the age of burial of Unit 1 to 895±211 ka,while the source area of Unit 1 had a quick *** massive sands deposited on the slopes of Papuk Mountain were vulnerable to erosion due to the absence of *** rainfall or water from snow melting created flash floods that infiltrated the sands,thereby causing slope destabilization and *** process led to slumps that were transformed into a sandy debris *** sediment was probably deposited during the interglacial marine isotope age(MIS)21 period when the scarce vegetation and a warmer climate favored the melting of permafrost ice and consequently triggered slope movements during MIS *** reworked skeletal material sampled at the Vranic site comprises fossilized fish along with mammal bones and ***,the Vranic site represents an important site for cetacean fossil remains and serves as an important data source for marine life in the central Paratethys.

关键词： Miocene marine mammals Alluvial slope deposit Pleistocene cosmogenic nuclides Pannonian Basin System

2004年12月26日苏门答腊—安达曼特大地震

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世界地震译丛 2005年第6期36卷 5-14页

作者： T.LAY H.KANAMOrI c.J.AMMON M.NETTLES S.N.WArD r.c.aster S.L.BEcK S.L.BILEK M.r.BrUDZINSKI r.BUTLEr H.r.DESHON G.EKSTrM K.SATAKE S.SIPKIN 石玉涛中国地震局地震预测研究所

发生在2004年12月26日（Mw=9．1～9．3级）和2005年3月28日（Mw=8．6级）的地震是过去40年中最大的两次地震，它们在欧亚大陆板块的东南部和印度-澳大利亚板块之间裂开一条长达1600km的断层。其中第一次地震引发的海啸吞噬了28．3万多... 详细信息

发生在2004年12月26日（Mw=9．1～9．3级）和2005年3月28日（Mw=8．6级）的地震是过去40年中最大的两次地震，它们在欧亚大陆板块的东南部和印度-澳大利亚板块之间裂开一条长达1600km的断层。其中第一次地震引发的海啸吞噬了28．3万多人的性命。苏门答腊岛班达亚奇附近的断层滑动了15m，但是在其北边，沿着尼科巴群岛和安达曼群岛，断层快速滑动的距离则小了很多。海啸和测地学的观测表明，在50min或更长的时间范围内北部的断层发生了更多的缓慢滑动。

关键词：苏门答腊大地震断层滑动大陆板块澳大利亚时间范围东南部测地学海啸群岛

Mantle avalanches in a Venus-like stagnant lid planet

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第5期8卷 686-702页

作者： Madeleine c.Kerr Dave r.Stegman Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California

Stagnant lid planets are characterized by a globe-encircling, conducting lid that is thick and strong, which leads to reduced global surface heat flows. consequently, the mantles of such planets can have warmer interiors than Earth, and interestingly, a pyrolitic mantle composition under warmer conditions is predicted to have a distinctly different mantle transition zone compared to the present-day Earth(Hirose, 2002; Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014; Dannberg et al, 2022). Instead of olivine primarily transforming into its higher-pressure polymorphs such as wadsleyite and then ringwoodite, at pressures corresponding to410 km and 520 km depth in Earth, respectively, it instead transforms into a mineral assemblage of wadsleyite, majorite, and ferropericlase(WMF), and then to majorite + ferropericlase(MF), before finally transforming into bridgmanite at pressures corresponding to 660 km depth in Earth(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2011; Ichikawa et al., 2014). convective motions in stagnant lid planets are dominated by small-scale instabilities(cold drips) forming within the mobile rheological sublayer under the rigid lid. Using ASPEcT and a thermodynamic model of a pyrolitic mantle composition generated by HeFESTo, we show that under certain conditions, the small drips can pond atop the WMF-MF mineral phase transition. The barrier to convective flow arises from the WMF mineral phase assemblage having an effective negative thermal expansivity(Stixrude and Lithgow-Bertelloni, 2022). Although large-scale downwellings that typically occur within mobile lid planets are able to pass through the WMF zone without difficulty(Dannberg et al., 2022; Li rP et al.,2024), the smaller and less negatively buoyant nature of downwelling drips in stagnant lid planets are more susceptible to these effects,which leads to an ephemeral layering of the mantle. Our numerical models show that in stagnant lid planets with mantle potential temperatures that exceed

关键词： Venus mantle avalanches numerical modelling phase transitions

Effects of dust controls on respirable coal mine dust composition and particle sizes:case studies on auxiliary scrubbers and canopy air curtain

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International Journal of coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 86-101页

作者： F.Animah c.Keles W.r.reed E.Sarver Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute&State UniversityBlacksburgVAUSA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH) PittsburghPAUSA

control of dust in underground coal mines is critical for mitigating both safety and health *** decades,the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)has led research to evaluate the effectiveness of various dust control technologies in coal *** studies have included the evaluation of auxiliary scrubbers to reduce respirable dust downstream of active mining and the use of canopy air curtains(cAcs)to reduce respirable dust in key operator *** detailed dust characterization was not a focus of such studies,this is a growing area of *** preserved filter samples from three previous NIOSH studies,the current work aims to explore the effect of two different scrubbers(one wet and one dry)and a roof bolter cAc on respirable dust composition and particle size *** this,the preserved filter samples were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and/or scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive *** indicate that dust composition was not appreciably affected by either scrubber or the ***,the wet scrubber and cAc appeared to decrease the overall particle size *** an effect of the dry scrubber was not consistently observed,but this is probably related to the particular sampling location downstream of the scrubber which allowed for significant mixing of the scrubber exhaust and other return *** from the insights gained with respect to the three specific dust control case studies revisited here,this work demonstrates the value of preserved dust samples for follow-up investigation more broadly.

关键词： respirable dust Dust control SEM–EDX Scrubber canopy air curtain Silica

Investigations of nuclear chirality at iThemba LABS

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第2期19卷 7-38页

作者： r.A.Bark E.A.Lawrie c.Liu S.Y.Wang iThemba Laboratory for Accelerator Based Sciences National Research FoundationP.O.Box 722Somerset-West 7129South Africa Department of Physics University of the Western CapePrivate Bag X177535BellvilleSouth Africa Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment Institute of Space SciencesShandong UniversityWeihai 264209China

Progress in the studies of chirality in atomic nuclei at iThemba LABS is *** regions of chirality,around mass 80 and 190 have been discovered using the AFrODITE array,specifically in the nuclei^(74)As,^(78,80,82)Br,^(81)Kr,and^(193,194,198)*** phenomena have been observed,including multiple chiral bands in the same nucleus,the coexistence of octupole correlations and nuclear chirality,and the coexistence of pseudo spin and nuclear *** best example of chiral degeneracy to date was found in ^(194)*** level scheme of ^(106)Ag has been revisited and interpreted in terms of two-and four-quasiparticle *** using the particle-rotor model have shown that the fingerprints of chirality in the two-quasiparticle system only can occur in an idealised model *** systems with a higher number of quasiparticles,the calculations showed that nuclear chirality can persist.

关键词： chirality high-spin states particle-rotor model

cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders:preclinical models and clinical studies

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 788-799页

作者： r.Scott Duncan Sean M.riordan Matthew c.Gernon Peter Koulen Department of Ophthalmology School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri Department of Biomedical Sciences School of MedicineUniversity of Missouri

cannabinoids are lipophilic substances derived from cannabis sativa that can exert a variety of effects in the human *** have been studied in cellular and animal models as well as in human clinical trials for their therapeutic benefits in several human *** of these include central nervous system(cNS)diseases and dysfunctions such as forms of epilepsy,multiple sclerosis,Parkinson’s disease,pain and neuropsychiatric *** addition,the endogenously produced cannabinoid lipids,endocannabinoids,are critical for normal cNS function,and if controlled or modified,may represent an additional therapeutic avenue for cNS *** review discusses in vitro cellular,ex vivo tissue and in vivo animal model studies on cannabinoids and their utility as therapeutics in multiple cNS *** addition,the review provides an overview on the use of cannabinoids in human clinical trials for a variety of cNS *** and endocannabinoids hold promise for use as disease modifiers and therapeutic agents for the prevention or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and neurological disorders.

关键词： anandamide cannabidiol cannabinoid endocannabinoid epilepsy multiple sclerosis neurodegeneration neuroprotection tetrahydrocannabinol

Efficient guiding and focusing of intense laser pulse using periodic thin slits

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Matter and radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 29-39页

作者： L.Xu T.W.Huang K.Jiang c.N.Wu H.Peng P.c.hen r.Li H.B.Zhuo c.T.Zhou Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology Center for Intense Laser ApplicationTechnologyand College of Engineering PhysicsShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen 518118People’s Republic of China

Slits have been widely used in laser-plasma interactions as plasma optical components for generating high-harmonic light and controlling laser-driven particle ***,we propose and demonstrate that periodic thin slits can be regarded as a new breed of optical elements for efficient focusing and guiding of intense laser *** fundamental physics of intense laser interaction with thin slits is studied,and it is revealed that relativistic effects can lead to enhanced laser focusing far beyond the pure diffractive focusing *** addition,the interaction of an intense laser pulse with periodic thin slits makes it feasible to achieve multifold enhancement in both laser intensity and energy transfer efficiency compared with conventional *** results provide a novel method for manipulating ultra-intense laser pulses and should be of interest for many laser-based applications.

关键词： laser pulse intense

Summarizing the evidence for robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction: Systematic review of patency and incontinence outcomes

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第3期11卷 341-347页

作者： Tenny r.Zhang Ashley Alford Lee c.Zhao Department of Urology NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Urology NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Objective:Bladder neck contracture and vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis are difficult to manage endoscopically,and open repair is associated with high rates of *** recent years,there have been increasing reports of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction in the ***,existing studies are small,heterogeneous case *** objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of robotic-assisted bladder neck reconstruction to better evaluate patency and incontinence ***:We performed a systematic review of PubMed from first available date to May 2023 for all studies evaluating robotic-assisted reconstructive surgery of the bladder neck in adult *** in non-English,author replies,editorials,pediatric-based studies,and reviews were *** of interest were patency and incontinence rates,which were pooled when ***:After identifying 158 articles on initial search,we included only ten studies that fit all aforementioned criteria for robotic-assisted bladder neck *** were case series published from March 2018 to March 2022 ranging from six to 32 men,with the median follow-up of 5e23 months.A total of 119 patients were included in our analysis.A variety of etiologies and surgical techniques were *** rates ranged from 50%to 100%,and pooled patency was 80%(95/119).De novo incontinence rates ranged from 0%to 33%,and pooled incontinence was 17%(8/47).Our findings were limited by small sample sizes,relatively short follow-ups,and heterogeneity between studies.

关键词： Bladder neck continence Incontinence Patency Posterior urethra reconstructive surgery robotic surgery Stenosis Stricture Surgical outcome