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Control of visible‑range transmission and refection haze by varying pattern size,shape and depth in fexible metasurfaces

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第3期17卷 51-68页

作者： Avijit Maity Vaswati Biswas r.Vijaya Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India Centre for Lasers and Photonics Indian Institute of Technology KanpurKanpur 208016India

Cost-efective soft imprint lithography technique is used to prepare fexible thin polymeric surfaces containing a periodic arrangement of nanodimples and nanobumps of sub-micron *** a single master mold of self-assembled colloidal crystal,metasurfaces with diferent depths and heights of patterns with a fxed pitch are possible,which makes the process inexpensive and *** metasurfaces are studied for their difuse and total transmission and refection spectra in the visible *** transmission haze and refection haze are calculated from the *** surface containing nanobumps of lesser pattern height result in higher values of refection and transmission haze than from surfaces containing nanodimples of much higher depth for the same *** haze is more dependent on the pattern depth or height and less dependent on the pitch of the ***-feld transmission profles measured in the same wavelength range from the patterned surfaces show that the scattering increases with the increase of the ratio of pattern depth/height to pitch,similar to the haze measurements conducted with a closed integrating *** profles show that the angular spread of scattered light in transmission is within 10°,explaining the reason for the relatively low transmission haze in all the patterned *** results confrm that the nanobump pattern gives higher transmission haze compared to nanodimple *** controlling the ratio of pattern depth/height to pitch of the features on these surfaces,both an increase in optical haze and a balance between total refection intensity and total transmission intensity can be achieved.

关键词： Metasurface refection haze Transmission haze Soft imprint lithography

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rodent biology and ecologically based rodent management(EBrM)-25 years of progress through promoting multidisciplinary research

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Grant r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS rhodes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natural resources Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIrO Health and Biosecurity Canberra ACT Australia African Centre of Excellence for Innovative rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“During rodent outbreak years in eastern Africa,lo-cally,more than 80%of the potential harvest may be lost,but even in non-outbreak periods,rodents cause chronic damage to crops….The pest rodent story in Africa in-volves several species embedded in a broad and variable landscape with highly variable densities.”(Leirs et al.2010).

关键词： damage crops

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Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin T.Moran Michael r.Bedford Poultry Science Department Auburn University AB Vista Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH,phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+near the enzyme?s active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide?s basic amino acids;coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+and other cations rebind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors(e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with

关键词： Digestive enzyme Calcium Endogenous protein Mucin Phytin

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Structural changes in the obese brain

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第12期19卷 2561-2562页

作者： Anna r.r.Da Conceicao Marcelo N.N.Vieira Fernanda G.De Felice D’Or Institute for research and Education Rio de JaneiroBrazil Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo De Meis Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Centre for Neuroscience Studies Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences&Department of PsychiatryQueen’s UniversityKingstonONCanada

Obesity represents a major global health concern,with widespread growing prevalence and severe consequences for the quality of life and life expectancy of affected individuals and for the economic burden of healthcare systems(Prospective Studies Collaboration,2009).Obesity is a well-established risk factor for a variety of conditions including metabolic,vascula r,and heart diseases,and seve ral types of cancer(Prospective Studies Collaboration,2009).

关键词： diseases consequences prevalence

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Community-based knowledge towards rangeland condition, climate change, and adaptation strategies: the case of Afar pastoralists

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 310-322页

作者： Minyahel Tilahun Ayana Angassa aster Abebe College of Agriculture and Natural resources Wolkite UniversityGubreiEthiopia Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural resources GaboroneBotswana School of Animal and range Sciences Hawassa UniversityHawassaEthiopia

Introduction:Pastoral communities have a comprehensive knowledge of their *** knowledge was acquired through extensive observation of the local environment and continuous herding ***’wisdom about their local environment and adaptation strategies to climate change is essential for sustainable ***,appreciation of pastoralists’knowledge about their environment is also important for the integration of indigenous knowledge with the proper application of scientific approach to fit with the prevailing ecological potential of pastoral ***:Data were collected using focus group discussions,key informant interviews,and in-depth *** in-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire that was administered to 100 household heads with the age of above 50 years *** were randomly drawn from selected Pastoralists Associations(PAs)of two study *** were analyzed using descriptive statistics as well as the logit *** logit model was used to analyze the different coping strategies of pastoralists to overcome the failure of rain during different *** was done by complementing pastoralists’indigenous knowledge of time-series-based analysis across four seasons(Kerma,Gillal,Hagay,and Sugum)*** existing meteorological *** years(from 1971 to 2011)of existing metrological data were used to compare the empirical evidence with pastoralists’***:respondents mentioned that livestock number was the best indicator for evaluating rangeland condition in Afar *** existing empirical evidence based on metrological data did not show any significant decline in precipitation for the last four decades between 1971 and 2011 as opposed to the perception of pastoralists where 80%of them reported a decline in precipitation.A one unit increase in labor force suggested about 16.1%decrease in the choice of livestock selling as coping strategy in Afar pastoral

关键词： Climate change Adaptation Perception Precipitation Temperature Afar rangelands

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Electro-optic tuning in composite silicon photonics based on ferroionic 2D materials

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第5期13卷 852-864页

作者： Ghada Dushaq Solomon Serunjogi Srinivasa r.Tamalampudi Mahmoud rasras Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University Abu DhabiP.O.Box 129188Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates NYU Tandon School of Engineering New York UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Tunable optical materials are indispensable elements in modern optoelectronics,especially in integrated photonics circuits where precise control over the effective refractive index is essential for diverse ***-dimensional materials like transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs)and graphene exhibit remarkable optical responses to external ***,achieving distinctive modulation across short-wave infrared(SWIr)regions while enabling precise phase control at low signal loss within a compact footprint remains an ongoing *** this work,we unveil the robust electro-refractive response of multilayer ferroionic two-dimensional CuCrP2S6(CCPS)in the near-infrared wavelength *** integrating CCPS into silicon photonics(SiPh)microring resonators(Mrr),we enhance lightmatter interaction and measurement sensitivity to minute phase and absorption *** show that electrically driven Cu ions can tune the effective refractive index on the order of 2.8×10−3 rIU(refractive index unit)while preserving extinction ratios and resonance ***,these devices exhibit low optical losses and excellent modulation efficiency of 0.25 *** with a consistent blue shift in the resonance wavelengths among all devices for either polarity of the applied *** results outperform earlier findings on phase shifters based on ***,our study demonstrates distinct variations in electro-optic tuning sensitivity when comparing transverse electric(TE)and transverse magnetic(TM)modes,revealing a polarization-dependent response that paves the way for diverse applications in light *** combined optoelectronic and ionotronic capabilities of two-terminal CCPS devices present extensive opportunities across several *** potential applications range from phased arrays and optical switching to their use in environmental sensing and metrology,optical imaging systems,and neuromorphic systems in light-sensitive artificial synapses.

关键词： tuning polarization refractive

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Fuzzy and IrLNC-based routing approach to improve data storage and system reliability in IoT

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Intelligent and Converged Networks 2024年第1期5卷 68-80页

作者： U.Indumathi A.r.Arunachalam the Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dr.M.G.R.Educational and Research InstituteChennai 600095India

Internet of Things(IoT)based sensor network is largely utilized in various field for transmitting huge amount of data due to their ease and cheaper *** performing this entire process,there is a high possibility for data corruption in the mid of *** the other hand,the network performance is also affected due to various *** address these issues,an efficient algorithm that jointly offers improved data storage and reliable routing is ***,after the deployment of sensor nodes,the election of the storage node is achieved based on a fuzzy expert *** random Linear Network Coding(IrLNC)is used to create an encoded *** encoded packet from the source and neighboring nodes is transmitted to the storage ***,to transmit the encoded packet from the storage node to the destination shortest path is found using the Destination Sequenced Distance Vector(DSDV)*** analysis of the proposed work is carried out by evaluating some of the statistical *** residual energy,packet delivery ratio,compression ratio and storage time achieved for the proposed work are 8.8%,0.92%,0.82%,and 69 *** on this analysis,it is revealed that better data storage system and system reliability is attained using this proposed work.

关键词： Internet of Things(IoT) data storage management fuzzy system improved random linear network coding energy utilization system reliability

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Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2(SArS-COV-2)infection of pneumocytes with vaccination and drug therapy:Mathematical analysis and optimal control

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第2期17卷 299-334页

作者： r.Viriyapong P.Inkhao Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Naresuan University Phitsanulok65000Thailand

We propose a mathematical model studying a within-host infection dynamics of SArSCoV-2 in *** model incorporates immune response,vaccination and antiviral *** crucial properties of the model-the existence,positivity and boundary of solutions are *** points and the basic reproduction number are *** stability of each equilibrium point is *** control is applied to the model by adding three control variables:vaccination,treatment by Favipiravir and treatment by *** results show that each individual control could reduce SArS-CoV-2 infection in some aspects;however,with a combination of three controls,we obtain the best results in reducing SArS-CoV-2 *** study has emphasized the importance of prevention by vaccine and the antiviral treatments.

关键词： SArS-CoV-2 vaccination drug therapy immune response optimal control

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Is GDNF to Parkinson’s disease what BDNF is to Huntington’s disease?

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第5期19卷 973-974页

作者： Francesca r.Fusco Emanuela Paldino Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS HospitalRomeItaly

Neurotrophic factors,or neurotrophins,are a group of molecules supporting the growth,survival,and differentiation of developing and mature *** their role in the survival of neurons,and often of specific subsets of bra... 详细信息

关键词： Huntington supporting degenerative

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Correction:Control of visible‑range transmission and refection haze by varying pattern size,shape and depth in fexible metasurfaces

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Frontiers of Optoelectronics 2024年第3期17卷 129-131页

Correction:Frontiers of Optoelectronics(2024)17:25 https://***/10.1007/s12200-024-00125-3 Following publication of the original article[1],the author found an error in Fig.4(b),which has been updated from the earlier ... 详细信息

关键词： visible earlier Correction

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