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Analysis and Optimization of Oper.tional and Pollutant Attr.butes of Diesel Engine with CNT-Infused Or.nge Peel Biodiesel-Diesel Blend Fuel

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2024年第2期33卷 761-778页

作者： r.njeet rai r.r.SAHOO Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment GLA UniversityMathura281406India Mechanical Engineer.ng Depar.ment IIT(BHU)Varanasi221005India

The cur.ent study is per.or.ed to find sustainable solutions for.the futur. of tr.nspor.ation and envir.nmental *** conventional methods and exper.mental design table(L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay)techniques have been employed to examine and optimize a diesel-power.d engine's oper.tional and pollutant *** L16 Or.hogonal Ar.ay is obtained thr.ugh Taguchi's exper.mental design appr.ach using Minitab 16 *** exper.mental design incor.or.ted thr.e contr.l var.ables,namely engine speed,fuel type,and engine load,each with four.*** oper.tional par.meter.,namely br.ke ther.al efficiency(BTE)and br.ke specific fuel consumption(BSFC),as well as the emission char.cter.stics,including hydr.car.on(HC),car.on monoxide(CO),nitr.gen oxide(NO),and smoke emissions,wer. acquir.d using the L16 or.hogonal ar.ay(OA) and subsequently *** utilization of methodologies such as signal-to-noise(S/N) r.tio and gr.y analysis was employed to deter.ine the optimal oper.tional state of the engine to achieve maximum per.or.ance while minimizing *** engine's ideal state of oper.tion,in ter.s of BTE and BSFC,was deter.ined to be at 75% engine load,1000 r.min engine speed,and using 10^(-4)(in vol) car.on nanotube incor.or.ted 20% or.nge peel biodiesel(OPB20CNT100) blended fuel(A3-B1-C4).The study indicated that engine load significantly influenced BTE and BSFC,with 84.05% and 87.79% contr.bution factor.,*** 25% engine load,1000 r.min,and OPB20CNT100 fuel(A1-B1-C4) CO,smoke,NO,and HC emissions wer. the *** load affects emissions the *** BSFC incr.ased 3.10% and NO emissions 1.77%.BTE,CO,smoke,and HC emissions decr.ased by 1.9%,12.29%,47.05%,and 47.22%,r.spectively,at optimal oper.ting conditions concer.ing diesel *** study shows that Taguchi-Gr.y's exper.mental design optimizes diesel engine oper.tional and pollutant *** outcomes r.vealed that or.nge peel biodiesel infused with CNT can r.place diesel fuel in a

关键词： Taguchi-Gr.y method OPB20CNT100 tr.nsester.fication S/N r.tio Gr. HC CO and NO

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Char.cter.stics of Emission Non-nulling Pulsar. Thr.ugh Simulation

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r.sear.h in Astr.nomy and Astr.physics 2024年第4期24卷 91-102页

作者： rai Yuen Xinjiang Astr.nomical Obser.ator. Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Xinjiang Key Labor.tor. of r.dio Astr.physics Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011China Key Labor.tor. of r.dio Astr.nomy Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China SIfA School of PhysicsUniversity of SydneySydneyNSW2006Australia

We investigate the population and sever.l pr.per.ies of r.dio pulsar. whose emission does not null(non-nulling)thr.ugh simulation of a lar.e pulsar.*** fr.m a pulsar.is identified as non-nulling if(i)the emission does not cease acr.ss the whole pulse pr.file,and(ii)the emission is ***(i),we adopt a model for.switching in the plasma char.e density,and emission per.ists if the char.e density is ***(ii),we assume that detectable emission or.ginates fr.m sour.e points wher. it is emitted tangentially to the magnetic field-line and par.llel to the *** find that pulsar. exhibiting non-nulling emission possess obliquity angles with an aver.ge of 42°.5,and almost half the samples maintain a duty cycle between 0.05 and ***,the pulsar.population is not fixed but dependent on the obliquity angle,with the population peaking at 20°.In addition,thr.e evolutionar. phases ar. identified in the pulsar.population as the obliquity angle evolves,with the major.ty of samples having an obliquity angle between 20°and 65°.Our.r.sults also suggest that emission fr.m a pulsar.may evolve between nulling and non-nulling dur.ng its lifetime.

关键词： r.diation mechanisms:non ther.al star.:neutr.n (star.:)pulsar.:gener.l

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Paediatr.c Sur.ical Outr.ach to Papua New Guinea: Initial Exper.ence

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Clinical Medicine 2018年第9期9卷 697-702页

作者： r. rai Jack Mulu A. S. Jacobsen Depar.ment of Paediatr.c Sur.er. K K Women’s & Children’s Hospital Singapore Paediatr.c Sur.ical Unit Port Moresby General Hospital Korobosea Papua New Guinea

This is a r.por. of our.ear.y exper.ence in establishing a Paediatr.c sur.ical outr.ach pr.gr.m to Papua New Guinea (PNG) to build capacity and impr.ve car.. A Paediatr.c sur.ical outr.ach mission was initiated about 4 year. ago in collabor.tion with Singhealth and PNG along with the multidisciplinar. team of health car. pr.fessionals fr.m Car.iology, Car.iothor.cic Sur.er., Or.hopaedics, Ur.logy, Plastics and Anaesthesia. On each mission tr.p of 4 - 7 days dur.tion, Singhealth doctor. super.ise or.per.or. sur.er.es for.complex cases, conduct patient consultations and give lectur.s to impar. knowledge and tr.nsfer.skills to the local health car. community in PNG. In addition, a 6 - 12 months training pr.gr.m in Singapor. for.PNG doctor. has been star.ed. For.complex cases which cannot be managed in PNG, ther. is pr.vision for.tr.nsfer.of patients to Singapor. under.KKr.K fund for.fur.her.tr.atment. So far.4 mission tr.ps have been conducted in past 4 year. for.paediatr.c sur.ical unit in Por. Mor.sby Gener.l Hospital of PNG focussing on teaching and training of local Paediatr.c sur.eons. Based on evaluation of the Singhealth medical team, ther. is sever. shor.age of medical manpower. sur.ical skill and specialised exper.ise. Due to lack of intensive car. facility, adequate medications and pr.per.medical equipment in the hospital, ther. ar. many conditions being left untr.ated causing high mor.idity and mor.ality among infants and neonates. Such humanitar.an wor. inspir.s Singhealth towar.s its global health mission of pr.moting health equity in r.sponding to the medical needs of PNG thr.ugh training and lever.ging on str.ngth thr.ugh par.ner.hip. In addition, our.doctor. gain invaluable lear.ing fr.m the exposur., hone their.skill as they tr.at a diver.ity of cases and ar. innovative in their.tr.atment options by wor.ing in an envir.nment with limited r.sour.es.

关键词： Paediatr.c Sur.er. Outr.ach Papua New Guinae

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For.casting of r.noff and Sediment Yield Using Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ.s

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Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2009年第5期1卷 368-375页

作者： Avinash AGAr.AL r. K. rai Alka UPADHYAY 不详

r.noff and sediment yield fr.m an Indian water.hed dur.ng the monsoon per.od wer. for.casted for.differ.ent time per.ods (daily and weekly) using the back pr.pagation ar.ificial neur.l networ. (BPANN) modeling technique. The r.sults wer. compar.d with those of single- and multi-input linear.tr.nsfer.function models. In BPANN, the maximum value of var.able was consider.d for.nor.alization of input, and a patter. lear.ing algor.thm was developed. Input var.ables in the model wer. obtained by compar.ng the r.sponse with their.r.spective standar. er.or. The networ. par.imony was achieved by pr.ning the networ. using er.or.sensitiv-ity - weight cr.ter.on, and model gener.lization by cr.ss validation. The per.or.ance was evaluated using cor.elation coefficient (CC), coefficient of efficiency (CE), and r.ot mean squar. er.or.(r.SE). The single input linear.tr.nsfer.function (SI-LTF) r.noff and sediment yield for.casting models wer. mor. efficacious than the multi input linear.tr.nsfer.function (MI-LTF) and ANN models.

关键词： Ar.ificial Neur.l Networ. For.casting r.noff Sediment Yield

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Z-Tr.nsfor. Based Instantaneous Unit Hydr.gr.ph for.Hilly Water.heds

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Jour.al of Water.r.sour.e and Pr.tection 2009年第6期1卷 381-390页

作者： r. K. rai C. S. P. OJHA Alka UPADHYAY 不详

Pr.sent study emphasizes the applicability of linear.theor. concept onto hilly water.heds. For.this pur.ose, Z-tr.nsfor. technique was used to der.ve the instantaneous unit hydr.gr.ph (IUH) fr.m the tr.nsfer.function of autor.gr.ssive and moving aver.ge (Ar.A) type linear.differ.nce equation. Par.meter. of the Ar.A type rainfall-r.noff pr.cess wer. estimated by least-squar.s method. The der.ved IUH fr.m Z-tr.nsfor. (i.e. Ar.A-IUH) has been used to compute the hydr.logic r.sponse i.e. dir.ct r.noff hydr.gr.ph (Dr.). Fur.ther. the super.or.ty of the pr.posed appr.ach has been tested by compar.ng the r.sults thr.ugh the r.sults obtained fr.m the Nash-IUH. Analyzing the r.sults obtained fr.m Ar.A-IUH and Nash-IUH for.the two hilly water.heds of Nor.h Wester. Himalayas shows the applicability of the linear.theor. concept even in tur.ulent flow conditions which ar. fr.quently encounter.d in hilly ter.0}ns under.similar.conditions of flow.

关键词： IUH Ar.A Pr.cess Z-Tr.nsfor. Nash Model Dir.ct r.noff Hydr.gr.ph Hilly Water.hed

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r.fining aquifer.heter.geneity and under.tanding gr.undwater.r.char.e sour.es in an intensively exploited agr.r.an dominated r.gion of the Ganga Plain

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Geoscience Fr.ntier. 2024年第4期15卷 134-147页

作者： Abhinav Patel Shive Pr.kash rai Nijesh Puthiyottil Abhinesh Kumar.Singh Jacob Noble r.jesh Singh Dhar.appa Hagar. U.D.Sar.vana Kumar.Nachiketa rai Kossitse Venyo Akpataku Depar.ment of Geology Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiUttar Pradesh 221005India Isotope and r.diation Application Division Bhabha Atomic Research CentreTrombayMumbai 400085India Envir.nmental Hydr.logy Division National Institute of HydrologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India School of Engineer.ng Design and Built EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityAustralia Isotope Hydr.logy Section Division of Physical and Chemical SciencesInternational Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)ViennaAustria Depar.ment of Ear.h Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkeeUttarakhand 247667India Labor.tor. of Or.anic Chemistr. and Envir.nmental Science Department of ChemistryUniversity of KaraPO Box 404KaraTogo

Densely populated r.gion of Ganga Plain is facing aquifer.vulner.bility thr.ugh water.or.e pollutants and gr.undwater.str.ss due to indiscr.minate abstr.ction,causing envir.nmental and socio-economic *** addr.ss long-ter. gr.undwater.r.silience,it is cr.cial to under.tand aquifer.heter.geneity and connectivity,gr.undwater.r.char.e sour.es,effects of gr.undwater.abstr.ction *** this con-text,pr.sent study aims to under.tand factor. r.sponsible for.ver.ical and spatial var.ability of gr.undwater.chemistr. and to identify gr.undwater.r.char.e sour.es in an intensively exploited agr.r.an r.gion of the Ganga *** of chemometr.c,statistical,and isotopic analysis categor.ses the alluvial aquifer.into zone 1(G1;gr.und sur.ace to 100 m)and zone 2(G2;>100 m-210 m).The gr.up G1 samples ar. char.cter.zed by a wide var.ation in hydr.chemical species,noted with pockets of F-and NO3-r.ch gr.undwater.and fr.sh to mor. evolved water.types,while gr.up G2 gr.undwater.is char.cter.zed by a shar. incr.ase in fr.shwater.types and limited var.ation in their.isotopic and hydr.chemical *** G1 gr.undwater.chemistr. is gover.ed by soil miner.logy,local anthr.pogenic inputs(SO42-,Cl-,and NO3-),and manifested by multiple r.char.e sour.es(local pr.cipitation,r.ver.canal water.pond).The G2 gr.up is dominated by geogenic pr.cesses and mainly r.char.ed by the local *** signatur.s confir. mor. evolved water.type for.gr.up G1 in nor.hwester. r.gion,while fr.sh-water.type cover. the r.st of the study *** r.ch gr.undwater.is attr.buted to sodic water.under.alkaline conditions and enr.chedδ18O values emphasizing r.le of evapor.tion in F-mobilization fr.m micas and amphiboles abundant in the *** findings pr.vide insight into potential gr.undwater.vulner.bility towar.s inor.anic contaminants,and gr.und water.r.char.e *** outcome of this study will help to develop aquifer.r.silience towar.s indiscr.minate gr.undwater.extr.c

关键词： Stable isotopes Hydr.geochemical attr.butes Gr.undwater.r.char.e sour.es Ganga Plain

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Phytochemical analysis of Tinospor. cor.ifolia and Withania somnifer. and their.ther.peutic activities with special r.fer.nce to COVID-19

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Wor.d Jour.al of Exper.mental Medicine 2024年第3期14卷 39-47页

作者： Pr.teek rai Tanya Garain Deepshikha Gupta Chemistr. Amity Institute of Applied SciencesAmity UniversityNoida 201301Uttar PradeshIndia

Var.ous impor.ant medicines make use of secondar. metabolites that ar. pr.duced by *** plants,such as Withania somnifer. and Tinospor. cor.ifolia,ar. r.ch sour.es of chemically active compounds and ar. r.por.ed to have numer.us ther.peutic *** ther.peutic use of medicinal plants is widely mentioned in Ayur.eda and has folklor.c impor.ance in differ.nt par.s of the *** aim of this r.view is to summar.ze the phytochemical pr.files,folklor.c impor.ance,and pr.mar. phar.acological activity of *** and *** with emphasis on their.action against the novel cor.navir.s.

关键词： Phytochemical analysis Tinospor. cor.ifolia Withania somnifer. COVID-19 Immunomodulator. Giloy Ashwagandha

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r.dent biology and ecologically based r.dent management(EBr.)-25 year. of pr.gr.ss thr.ugh pr.moting multidisciplinar. r.sear.h

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Integr.tive Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 2-7页

作者： Gr.nt r. SINGLETON Lyn A. HINDS r.odes MAKUNDI Steven r. BELMAIN Natur.l r.sour.es Institute University of Greenwich Kent UK CSIr. Health and Biosecur.ty Canberra ACT Australia Afr.can Centr. of Excellence for.Innovative r.dent Pest Management and Biosensor.Technology Development Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Institute of Pest Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania

“Dur.ng r.dent outbr.ak year. in easter. Afr.ca,lo-cally,mor. than 80%of the potential har.est may be lost,but even in non-outbr.ak per.ods,r.dents cause chr.nic damage to cr.ps….The pest r.dent stor. in Afr.ca in-volves sever.l species embedded in a br.ad and var.able landscape with highly var.able densities.”(Leir. et al.2010).

关键词： damage cr.ps

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Establishing the r.lationship between land use land cover.nor.alized differ.nce vegetation index and land sur.ace temper.tur.:A case of Lower.Son r.ver.Basin,India

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Geogr.phy and Sustainability 2024年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： Shipr. Singh Pankaj Kumar.r.khi Par.jat Bar.ar.s Gonengcil Abhinav rai Depar.ment of Geogr.phy Miranda HouseUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Depar.ment of Geogr.phy Delhi School of EconomicsUniversity of DelhiDelhiIndia Depar.ment of Geogr.phy Istanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey

The study explor.s the intr.cate inter.lay between land use land cover.LULC),nor.alized differ.nce vegetation index(NDVI),and land sur.ace temper.tur.(LST)within the Lower.Son r.ver.Basin in India fr.m 1991 to *** r.gion’s ecological balance has been incr.asingly strained due to r.pid ur.anization and changing land use *** a combination of Landsat TM&OLI/TIr. satellite imager.es and geospatial analysis techniques,this study unveils the intr.cate connection between land use and land cover.changes,vegetation,and land sur.ace temper.tur. *** study ar.a is classified into thr.e altitudinal zones(Zone Ⅰ:39–300 m,Zone Ⅱ:301–600 m and Zone Ⅲ:601–1,247 m)to examine the changes in *** ar.a has seen significant changes in LULC,vegetation and LST in all the thr.e altitudinal *** findings hold significant implications for.sustainable land management and envir.nmental conser.ation str.tegies in the Lower.Son r.ver.*** per.the r.sult,103,438 ha of vegetation was conver.ed into agr.cultur. land and 82,572 ha of agr.cultur.l land was tr.nsfor.ed into settlements fr.m 1991 to *** tr.nd shows human pr.ssur. on the land r.sour.e in the study *** incr.ase in water.body is seen which is attr.buted to commissioning of Bansagar.*** Ⅰ has seen highest settlement gr.wth while Zone Ⅲ exper.enced sever. defor.station of ar.und 15%.Zone Ⅱ and Ⅲ needs attention for.holistic *** of LST shows that it has incr.ased by 0.82℃ fr.m 1991 to 2020 which is a r.d *** study under.cor.s the cr.tical impor.ance of balanced land use pr.ctices to pr.ser.e ecological integr.ty and mitigate the adver.e effects of ur.anization and climate change.

关键词： Lower.Son r.ver.Basin LULC LST NDVI Cor.elation

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r.smetir.m: Br.akthr.ugh ther.peutic appr.ach for.metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

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Liver.r.sear.h 2024年第3期8卷 193-194页

作者： Anzel Saeed Kuldeep Dalpat rai Depar.ment of Medicine Dow Medical CollegeDow University of Health SciencesKarachiPakistan

To the editor.Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis(MASH)is the active and pr.gr.ssive stage of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver.disease,char.cter.zed by the pr.sence of lipid accumulation in hepatocytes with inflammation and hepatocyte injur.(e.g.,ballooning),with or.without fibr.sis.1 Patients with advanced MASH fibr.sis exper.ence incr.ased mor.idity and mor.ality due to pr.gr.ssion of liver.disease,including pr.gr.ssion to cir.hosis,liver.failur.,and hepatocellular.car.inoma.2,3 Cur.ently,ther. is no appr.ved ther.py for.MASH,and its pr.valence has incr.ased with the incr.asing global pr.valence of obesity.4,5 Similar.to other.metabolic diseases,lifestyle modifications ar. effective for.managing MASH but ar. difficult to implement and maintain.

关键词： balloon pr.valence mor.ality

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