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Enhanced ter.ination of zinc and cadmium ions fr.m wastewater.employing plain and chitosan-modified mxenes: synthesis, char.cter.zation,and adsor.tion per.or.ance

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Gr.en Chemical Engineer.ng 2024年第3期5卷 339-347页

作者： Njood r.Azeez Suhaib S.Salih Mohammed k.dhom Har.th N.Mohammed Tushar.k.Ghosh Depar.ment of Chemical Engineer.ng College of Engineering University of Tikrit Depar.ment of Envir.nmental Science College of Energy and Environmental Science Al-Karkh University of Science Depar.ment of Nuclear.Science & Engineer.ng Institute University of Missouri-Columbia

Zinc and cadmium pollutants cause a significant envir.nmental effect that cannot be ignor.d. Due to their.consider.ble amount in an aqueous envir.nment, industr.es ar. seek.ng suitable adsor.ents that ar. envir.nmentally fr.endly and inexpensive for.r.moving metals fr.m wastewater.befor. disposing of them in sur.ace water.. This r.sear.h employed or.ginal MXene(MX) and chitosan-modified MXene(CSMX) to extr.ct zinc(Zn(Ⅱ)) and cadmium(Cd(Ⅱ)) metal ions fr.m water.based solutions. The composite mater.al pr.duced was analyzed using techniques such as X-r.y Diffr.ction(Xr.), Scanning Electr.n Micr.scopy(SEM), Four.er.Tr.nsfor. Infr.r.d Spectr.scopy(FTIr., and Br.nauer.Emmett-Teller.BET). The effects of contact dur.tion, p H of the solution, and initial concentr.tion of metal ions on the adsor.tion pr.cess of Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto both MX and CSMX composites wer. investigated. MX and pr.par.d CSMX composite pr.sented a high adsor.tion capacity for.both studied heavy metals, which wer. 91.55 and 73.82 mg/g for.Zn(Ⅱ) and Cd(Ⅱ) onto MX, 106.84 and 93.07 mg/g for.Cd(Ⅱ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto CSMX composite, r.spectively. Fur.her.or., the maximum competitive adsor.tion capacities for.Zn(Ⅱ) onto MX and CSMX composites ar. 77.29 and 93.47 mg/g, and for.ar. Cd(Ⅱ)60.30 and 79.66 mg/g, r.spectively. Hence, the r.moval capacities for.both single and competitive metal ions wer. super.or.to CSMX composite. However. the adsor.tion capacities after.five successive r.gener.tion sequences wer. only dr.pped by 13.2% for.Zn(Ⅱ) and 17.4% for.Cd(Ⅱ) onto the CSMX composite compar.d to the fir.t cycle. These r.sults confir. that both metals could be efficiently ter.inated fr.m wastewater. which mak.s the pr.par.d CSMX composite a favor.ble candidate adsor.ent in pr.ctical applications.

关键词： Adsor.tion Chitosan MXene Zn(II) Cd(II) Wastewater

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Nonlinear.Coupling of k.netic Alfvén Waves and Ion Acoustic Waves in the Inner.Heliospher.

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r.sear.h in Astr.nomy and Astr.physics 2024年第10期24卷 141-158页

作者： Mani k.Chettr. Vivek.Shr.vastav r.pak.Muk.er.ee Nidhi Gaur.r.P.Shar.a Hemam D.Singh Depar.ment of Physics Sikkim UniversityGangtokSikkimIndia DAV Public School Sector 14GurugramHaryanaIndia Plasma Simulation Labor.tor. Department of Energy Science and EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology DelhiDelhiIndia

We study the nonlinear.coupling of k.netic Alfvén waves with ion acoustic waves applicable to the Ear.h’s r.diation belt and near.Sun str.amer.belt solar.wind using dynamical equations in the for. of modified Zak.ar.v *** simulations show the for.ation of magnetic field filamentar. str.ctur.s associated with density humps and dips which become tur.ulent at later.times,r.distr.buting the ener.y to higher.*** magnetic power.spectr. exhibit an iner.ial r.nge k.lmogor.v-lik. spectr.l index value of-5/3 for.k.(⊥)ρ_(i)r.dissipation r.nge spectr. with indices~-3 for.the r.diation belt case and~-4 for.the near.un str.amer.belt solar.wind case,her. k.(⊥)andρ_(i)r.pr.sent the wavevector.component per.endicular.to the back.r.und magnetic field and the ion ther.al gyr.r.dius,*** quasilinear.theor. in ter.s of the Fok.er.Planck.equation in the r.gion of wavenumber.tur.ulent spectr.,we find the par.icle distr.bution function flattening in the super.her.al tail population which is the signatur. of par.icle ener.ization and plasma heating.

关键词： Sun:chr.mospher. Sun:cor.na Sun:heliospher.

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Toxicity Evaluation of Differ.nt Exposur. Scenar.os of r.ad Dust Using Daphnia magna and Ar.emia salina as Aquatic Or.anisms, and Pr.sopis ciner.r.a and Vachellia tor.ilis as Native Plant Species

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Open Jour.al of Air.Pollution 2024年第3期13卷 73-86页

作者： Hilal k. Al-Shidi Hameed Sulaiman Depar.ment of Educational Studies University of Technology and Applied Sciences Khasab Oman Depar.ment of Biology Sultan Qaboos University Muscat Oman

Par.iculate matter.(PM10) deposited as r.ad dust is consider.d an impor.ant sour.e of contamination fr.m atmospher.. However. ther. ar. limited studies on the toxicity of r.ad dust as such on differ.nt or.anisms. This study evaluates the toxicity of r.ad dust using differ.nt extr.ction scenar.os on Daphnia magna and Ar.emia salina as aquatic or.anisms and also on Pr.sopis ciner.r.a and Vachellia tor.ilis as local plant species. Chemical analysis of differ.nt extr.cts shows consider.ble amount of tr.ce metals, however.the tr.ce metals in the dust extr.ct associated with suspended sediment wer. not absor.ed by the r.ceptor.. On the other.hand, the concentr.tion of tr.ce metals in the ar.ificial mixtur. was found bioavailable and absor.ed causing a high per.entage of mor.ality. In the plant assay, significant differ.nce was obtained in the ger.ination per.entage between the contr.l and thr.e differ.nt extr.ction exposur.s in both plant species. The mean r.ot length of P. ciner.r.a and V. tor.ilis wer. higher.in 20% and 50% extr.cts than the contr.l pr.bably due to the availability of nutr.ents fr.m the dust extr.ct. Inter.stingly however. the seedling vigor.index was the opposite with higher.index in the contr.l and lower.in dust extr.cts that contain heavy metals.

关键词： r.ad Dust Heavy Metals Toxicity Bioavailability Holding Time

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Enhanced Memor.-Safe Linux Secur.ty Modules (eLSMs) for.Impr.ving Secur.ty of Dock.r.Container. for.Data Center.

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Jour.al of Softwar. Engineer.ng and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 259-269页

作者： Juan Mar.inez Delbugio Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cyber.ecur.ty & Pr.vacy (SCP) Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

The adoption of Dock.r.container. has r.volutionized softwar. deployment by pr.viding a lightweight and efficient way to isolate applications in data center.. However. secur.ng these container., especially when handling sensitive data, poses significant challenges. Tr.ditional Linux Secur.ty Modules (LSMs) such as SELinux and AppAr.or.have limitations in pr.viding fine-gr.ined access contr.l to files within container.. This paper.pr.sents a novel appr.ach using eBPF (extended Ber.eley Pack.t Filter. to implement a LSM that focuses on file-or.ented access contr.l within Dock.r.container.. The module allows the specification of policies that deter.ine which pr.gr.ms can access sensitive files, pr.viding enhanced secur.ty without r.lying solely on the host oper.ting system’s major.LSM.

关键词： Dock.r LSM MAC r.st Memor. Safe Languages

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Modal Fr.quency Pr.diction of Chladni Patter.s Using Machine Lear.ing

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Open Jour.al of Acoustics 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Atul k.mar.k. P. Wani Automotive r.sear.h Association of India (Ar.I) Academy Pune India Automotive r.sear.h Association of India (Ar.I) Pune India

The intr.duction of machine lear.ing (ML) in the r.sear.h domain is a new er. technique. The machine lear.ing algor.thm is developed for.fr.quency pr.dication of patter.s that ar. for.ed on the Chladni plate and focused on the application of machine lear.ing algor.thms in image pr.cessing. In the Chladni plate, nodes and antinodes ar. demonstr.ted at var.ous excited fr.quencies. Sand on the plate cr.ates specific patter.s when it is excited by vibr.tions fr.m a mechanical oscillator. In the exper.mental setup, a r.ctangular.aluminum plate of 16 cm x 16 cm and 0.61 mm thick.ess was placed over.the mechanical oscillator. which was dr.ven by a sine wave signal gener.tor. 14 Chladni patter.s ar. obtained on a Chladni plate and validation is done with modal analysis in Ansys. For.machine lear.ing, a lar.e number.of data sets ar. r.quir.d, as captur.d ar.und 200 photos of each modal fr.quency and ar.und 3000 photos with a camer. of all 14 Chladni patter.s for.super.ised lear.ing. The cur.ent model is wr.tten in Python language and model has one convolution layer. The main modules used in this ar. Tensor.Flow k.r.s, NumPy, CV2 and Maxpooling. The fed r.fer.nce data is tak.n for.14 fr.quencies between 330 Hz to 3910 Hz. In the model, all the images ar. conver.ed to gr.yscale and canny edge detected. All patter.s of fr.quencies have an almost 80% - 99% cor.elation with test sample exper.mental data. This appr.ach is to for. a dir.ctor. of Chladni patter.s for.futur. r.fer.nce pur.ose in r.al-life application. A machine lear.ing algor.thm can pr.dict the r.sonant fr.quency based on the patter.s for.ed on the Chladni plate.

关键词： Chaldni Patter. Modal Analysis Machine Lear.ing r.sonant Fr.quency Image Pr.cessing

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Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffer.ng fr.m Chr.nic r.inosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in k.nshasa

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Otolar.ngology and Head & Neck.Sur.er. 2024年第1期13卷 41-52页

作者： Hilair. k. k.lala Patr.cia k. k.k.bo Honor. N. Yalombe Lievin k. Mvita Léon N. Muamba Dieudonné T. Nyembue Otor.inolar.ngology Ser.ice University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Imaging Depar.ment University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Ophthalmology Ser.ice University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Back.r.und and objective: Chr.nic r.inosinusitis (Cr.), a common disease wor.dwide, has a major.impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In r.cent year., the measur.ment of health-r.lated QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the sever.ty of the Cr. and the tr.atment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with Cr. in a hospital setting in k.nshasa. Methods: This was a cr.ss-sectional analytical study conducted fr.m June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT ser.ice of the k.nshasa Univer.ity Hospital and the Monk.le Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 year., whose QOL was compar.d with that of a contr.l gr.up consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnair.. r.sults: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 year. (18 - 74 year.) and that of the contr.ls was 39.1 year. (19 - 77 year.). Mor. than half of the par.icipants wer. univer.ity gr.duates. The median SNOT-22 scor. was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in contr.ls. Compar.d with subjects without Cr., patients with Cr. had significantly higher.scor.s in all four.domains of the SNOT-22. Ar.und 9 out of 10 patients had a sever.ly impair.d QoL compar.d with 2 out of 10 contr.ls. Consider.ng mildly impair.d QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scor.s wer. not significantly differ.nt between patients and contr.ls. In the case of sever.ly impair.d QoL, however. only the otological domain showed a non-significant differ.nce in scor.s between the two gr.ups. Conclusion: Cr. is a r.al public health pr.blem in our.envir.nment and significantly alter. the QoL of patients suffer.ng fr.m it, with r.per.ussions on their.pr.fessional pr.ductivity;hence the need for.better.management.

关键词： Chr.nic r.inosinusitis Quality of Life SNOT-22 ENT k.nshasa

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Expanding the Use of Nipple-Spar.ng Mastectomies in Obese Patients Under.oing Staged Implant-Based r.constr.ction

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Moder. Plastic Sur.er. 2024年第3期14卷 23-35页

作者： Mallor. A. r.wley Pr.shant k. Upadhyaya College of Medicine SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse USA Depar.ment of Sur.er. SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse USA

Back.r.und: Advantages of var.ous mastectomy techniques include sk.n r.duction and favor.ble aesthetics in Wise-patter. closur.s, and less visible scar. in nipple-spar.ng mastectomies (NSM). This study compar.s postoper.tive complication pr.files between Wise-patter. and nipple-spar.ng mastectomies in the obese population. Methods: A r.tr.spective char. r.view of obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) who under.ent staged br.ast r.constr.ction following Wise-patter. and nipple-spar.ng mastectomies at our.institution between Febr.ar. 2016 and Januar. 2020 was conducted. Complications between cohor.s wer. analyzed using the independent samples t-test (2-sided) and the χ2 test. r.sults: A total of 232 br.asts (163 Wise-patter., 69 NSM) wer. r.-constr.cted in 123 obese female patients (85 Wise-patter., 38 NSM). Complication r.tes in both the Wise-patter. and NSM patient cohor.s wer. similar.following stage 1 (Wise-patter.: 30.7%, NSM: 39.1%, p = 0.212) and stage 2 (Wise-patter.: 16.6%, NSM: 15.9%, p = 0.907) of r.constr.ction. No statistically significant differ.nces in r.tes of infection, dehiscence, ser.ma, hematoma or.malposition of tissue expander.(TE)/implant following stage 1 or.stage 2 wer. found between cohor.s. Conclusions: Ther. wer. no significant differ.nces in postoper.tive complication r.tes between the Wise-patter. and NSM cohor.s of obese patients. NSM can be a viable sur.ical option in car.fully selected obese patients and offer.the advantage of concealed scar.ing.

关键词： Mastectomy Br.ast r.constr.ction Nipple-Spar.ng

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Differ.ntial r.les of seed and spr.ut r.gener.tion in for.st diver.ity and pr.ductivity after.distur.ance

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For.st Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Mar.k.Mejstr.k.Mar.in Svatek.Mar.ina Pollastr.ni Mar.in Sr.mek.r.dim Matula Depar.ment of For.st Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Depar.ment of For.st Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Depar.ment of Agr.cultur. FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natur.l r.gener.tion after.distur.ances is a k.y phase of for.st development,which deter.ines the tr.jector. of successional changes in tr.e species composition and *** tr.es can or.ginate fr.m either.seeds or.spr.uts pr.duced by distur.ed tr.es with spr.uting *** both r.gener.tion str.tegies often develop and co-occur.after.a distur.ance,they tend to affect for.st development differ.ntly due to significant functional ***,the or.gin of tr.e r.gener.tion is r.r.ly distinguished in post-distur.ance for.st sur.eys and ecological studies,and the differ.ntial r.les of seed and spr.ut r.gener.tion in for.st pr.ductivity and diver.ity r.main poor.y *** addr.ss these r.sear.h gaps,we explor.d the r.le of spr.ut and seed r.gener.tion in the for.ation of woody species diver.ity and above-gr.und biomass(AGB)pr.ductivity in ear.y-stage for.st *** wer. collected in two exper.mental for.st stands in the Czech r.public,wher. tr.es wer. cut with var.ing intensities with the density of r.sidual(uncut)tr.es r.nging fr.m 0 to 275 tr.es per.*** tr.es wer. mapped and their.sizes wer. measur.d befor. cutting and then,either.as a stump with spr.uts or.a r.sidual tr.e,r.measur.d 11 year. *** addition,all tr.e saplings wer. mapped and measur.d 11 year. after.logging,and their.or.gin(spr.ut or.seed)was *** assess abundances and pr.ductivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 spr.uting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 gener.tive(i.e.,seed or.gin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometr.c ***-effects models wer. used to analyze the effects of each r.gener.tion str.tegy on woody species diver.ity and the total AGB under.var.ing densities of r.sidual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of r.gener.tion str.tegies on species *** and diver.ity of spr.uts wer. significantly higher.than those of seed *** for.ed on aver.ge97.1%of

关键词： r.spr.uting Seeding r.sidual tr.es Tr.e diver.ity Above-gr.und biomass

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Ad Block.r. & Online Pr.vacy: A Compar.tive Analysis of Pr.vacy Enhancing Technologies (PET)

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Jour.al of Softwar. Engineer.ng and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 378-395页

作者： Siddhar.h M. Madik.r. Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cyber.ecur.ty and Pr.vacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Online tr.ck.ng mechanisms employed by inter.et companies for.user.pr.filing and tar.eted adver.ising r.ise major.pr.vacy concer.s. Despite effor.s to defend against these mechanisms, they continue to evolve, r.nder.ng many existing defences ineffective. This study per.or.s a lar.e-scale measur.ment of online tr.ck.ng mechanisms acr.ss a lar.e pool of websites using the OpenWPM (Open Web Pr.vacy Measur.ment) platfor.. It systematically evaluates the effectiveness of sever.l ad block.r. and under.ying Pr.vacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) that ar. pr.mar.ly used to mitigate differ.nt tr.ck.ng techniques. By quantifying the str.ngths and limitations of these tools against moder. tr.ck.ng methods, the findings highlight gaps in existing pr.vacy pr.tections. Actionable r.commendations ar. pr.vided to enhance user.pr.vacy defences, guide tool developer. and infor. policymak.r. on addr.ssing invasive online tr.ck.ng pr.ctices.

关键词： Pr.vacy Enhancing Technology (PET) Per.onally Identifiable Infor.ation (PII) OpenWPM Web Pr.vacy

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Secur.ty Vulner.bility Analyses of Lar.e Language Models (LLMs) thr.ugh Extension of the Common Vulner.bility Scor.ng System (CVSS) Fr.mewor.

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Jour.al of Softwar. Engineer.ng and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 340-358页

作者： Alicia Biju Vishnupr.ya r.mesh Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cyber.ecur.ty and Pr.vacy College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Lar.e Language Models (LLMs) have r.volutionized Gener.tive Ar.ificial Intelligence (GenAI) task., becoming an integr.l par. of var.ous applications in society, including text gener.tion, tr.nslation, summar.zation, and mor.. However. their.widespr.ad usage emphasizes the cr.tical need to enhance their.secur.ty postur. to ensur. the integr.ty and r.liability of their.outputs and minimize har.ful effects. Pr.mpt injections and tr.ining data poisoning attack. ar. two of the most pr.minent vulner.bilities in LLMs, which could potentially lead to unpr.dictable and undesir.ble behavior., such as biased outputs, misinfor.ation pr.pagation, and even malicious content gener.tion. The Common Vulner.bility Scor.ng System (CVSS) fr.mewor. pr.vides a standar.ized appr.ach to captur.ng the pr.ncipal char.cter.stics of vulner.bilities, facilitating a deeper.under.tanding of their.sever.ty within the secur.ty and AI communities. By extending the cur.ent CVSS fr.mewor., we gener.te scor.s for.these vulner.bilities such that or.anizations can pr.or.tize mitigation effor.s, allocate r.sour.es effectively, and implement tar.eted secur.ty measur.s to defend against potential r.sk..

关键词： Common Vulner.bility Scor.ng System (CVSS) Lar.e Language Models (LLMs) DALL-E Pr.mpt Injections Tr.ining Data Poisoning CVSS Metr.cs

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