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论灾害事故预防应对的调查评估问题

灾害学 2025年第1期40卷 1-7,85页

作者：刘传正米文忠黄帅应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院北京100085 清华大学合肥公共安全研究院灾害事故调查评估应急管理部重点实验室北京100084

为了推动我国灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作的科学化与规范化发展,该文通过界定灾害事故类型,探讨了灾害事故预防应对调查评估的目的任务、工作原则、工作方法、工作组织和成果应用方面的基本问题。灾害事故被划分为灾害、事故、灾害事... 详细信息

为了推动我国灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作的科学化与规范化发展,该文通过界定灾害事故类型,探讨了灾害事故预防应对调查评估的目的任务、工作原则、工作方法、工作组织和成果应用方面的基本问题。灾害事故被划分为灾害、事故、灾害事故(链)和事故灾害(链)四类。调查评估目的任务明确为认定事实、查找问题、分析原因并提出对策措施。在工作原则上,强调了6个方面:事实依据、法规准绳、认知判断、沟通协调、良知底线和素质保障。工作方法涵盖了现场勘查、档案查阅、访谈问询、检测试验、分析计算、模拟仿真、成因论证和性质界定等8个环节。工作组织或调查机构组成包括综合协调组、法规管理组、技术工作组和专家顾问组。成果应用范畴包括即时政策制定、法规标准制修订、管理体制改革以及工作机制完善等领域。

关键词：灾害事故预防应对调查评估工作原则工作方法

缺血性脑卒中铁死亡特征基因NFE2L2的鉴定与验证

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中国组织工程研究 2025年第7期29卷 1466-1474页

作者：王咪马书杰刘杨齐瑞上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院康复医学科上海市200437 上海中医药大学上海市201203 上海市第二康复医院上海市200431

背景:铁死亡与缺血性脑卒中的发病密切相关,靶向铁死亡是一种治疗缺血性脑卒中有前景的方案,但具体调控靶点尚不明确。目的:通过生物信息学和机器学习方法筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡相关特征基因,并通过细胞实验进行验证,探讨铁死亡在缺血... 详细信息

背景:铁死亡与缺血性脑卒中的发病密切相关,靶向铁死亡是一种治疗缺血性脑卒中有前景的方案,但具体调控靶点尚不明确。目的:通过生物信息学和机器学习方法筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡相关特征基因,并通过细胞实验进行验证,探讨铁死亡在缺血性脑卒中的作用。方法:基于GEO数据库和FerrDb数据库选取符合条件的缺血性脑卒中相关数据集和铁死亡表达数据集,通过t检验筛选铁死亡相关差异基因。对铁死亡相关差异基因进行GO功能富集分析与KEGG信号通路富集分析。通过PPI网络分析和机器学习筛选缺血性脑卒中铁死亡的特征基因,利用rOC分析和GSEA分析探究特征基因的准确性和生物功能。然后进行细胞实验,将HT22细胞分为对照组与缺血性脑卒中组,对照组不作任何干预,缺血性脑卒中组加入0.1 mol/L的H_(2)O_(2)干预24 h诱导细胞氧化应激和铁死亡,通过实时荧光定量rT-PCr和Western Blot验证铁死亡的发生和特征基因表达。结果与结论:(1)共获取45个铁死亡相关差异基因,GO和KEGG富集分析发现差异基因与氧化应激、自噬、铁死亡、脂肪细胞因子信号通路和线粒体代谢密切相关。(2)通过PPI网络中的MCODE插件和cytoHubba插件与机器学习中的LASSO算法和SVM-rFE算法共鉴定出1个铁死亡特征基因核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,NFE2L2)。(3)对NFE2L2进行rOC曲线分析,发现在训练集和验证集中构建的诊断预测模型具有良好的准确性与特异性;对NFE2L2进行GSEA分析,发现特征基因通过免疫、炎症反应、氨基酸代谢及神经因子调控等方面参与缺血性脑卒中发病机制的调控。(4)细胞实验的rT-PCr和Western Blot分析表明,与对照组对比,缺血性脑卒中组中的酰基辅酶A合成酶长链家族成员4 mrNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(PrNA和蛋白表达水平显著降低(PrNA和蛋白表达水平显著增高(P<0.05)。(5)上述结果证实,缺血性脑卒中与铁死亡密切相关,靶向特征基因NFE2L2可以为研究和治疗缺血性脑卒中提供一定的思路与方向。

关键词：缺血性脑卒中铁死亡生物信息学 HT22细胞机器学习特征基因细胞实验 NFE2L2 ASCL4 GPX4

Inter- and intraspecific variability of plant individual growth and its role on species ranking in grasslands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 378-386页

作者： rémi Perronne Franck Jabot Julien Pottier UCA INRAEVetAgro SupUMR Ecosystème Prairialsite de Crouel5 chemin de BeaulieuF-63000 Clermont-FerrandFrance UCA INRAEUR LISCCentre de Clermont-Ferrand9 avenue Blaise PascalF-63178 AubièreFrance

Aims Individual growth constitutes a major component of individual ***,measuring growth rates of herbaceous plants non-destructively at the individual level is notoriously *** study,based on an accurate non-destructive method of aboveground biomass estimation,aims to assess individual relative growth rates(rGrs)of some species,identify its environmental drivers and test its consequences on community *** specifically address three questions:(i)to what extent environmental conditions explain differences in individual plant growth between sites,(ii)what is the magnitude of intraspecific variability of plant individual growth within and between sites and(iii)do species-averaged(dis-)advantage of individual growth compared with the whole vegetation within a site correlate with species ranking at the community level?Methods We monitored the growth of individuals of four common perennial species in 18 permanent grasslands chosen along a large pedoclimatic gradient located in the Massif Central,*** measured soil properties,levels of resources and meteorological parameters to characterize environmental conditions at the site *** design enables us to assess the influence of environmental conditions on individual growth and the relative extent of inter-individual variability of growth explained within and between *** determined the ranking of each of the four species in each site with botanical surveys to assess the relationship between species-averaged growth(dis-)advantage relative to the whole community and species rank in the *** Findings We found that environmental conditions explain a significant proportion of individual growth variability,and that this proportion is strongly variable between *** availability was the main driver of plant growth,followed by rainfall amount and potential evapotranspiration,while soil properties had only a slight *** further highlighted a moderate to high wit

关键词： relative growth rate species ranking non-destructive biomass estimation temperate permanent grasslands inter-individual variability

Deep material network via a quilting strategy: visualization for explainability and recursive training for improved accuracy

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1023-1038页

作者： Dongil Shin ryan Alberdi ricardo A.Lebensohn rémi Dingreville Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA Simulation Modeling Sciences Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA Theoretical Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87845USA

recent developments integrating micromechanics and neural networks offer promising paths for rapid predictions of the response of heterogeneous materials with similar accuracy as direct numerical *** deep material network is one such approaches,featuring a multi-layer network and micromechanics building blocks trained on anisotropic linear elastic *** trained,the network acts as a reduced-order model,which can extrapolate the material’s behavior to more general constitutive laws,including nonlinear behaviors,without the need to be ***,current training methods initialize network parameters randomly,incurring inevitable training and calibration ***,we introduce a way to visualize the network parameters as an analogous unit cell and use this visualization to“quilt”patches of shallower networks to initialize deeper networks for a recursive training *** result is an improvement in the accuracy and calibration performance of the network and an intuitive visual representation of the network for better explainability.

关键词： networks Deep network

Interfacial solar evaporator for brine treatment: the importance of resilience to high salinity

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National Science review 2021年第10期8卷 8-9页

作者： Baoxia mi Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of California

As reverse osmosis(rO) technologies have improved, desalination has become a viable approach to addressing water scarcity, by treating various alternative water resources such as seawater, brackish water and wastewater [1]. However,the management of brines has emerged as one of the key issues preventing desalination from being further adopted, especially in locations where use of ocean outfalls or deep well injection is *** advance desalination in these places,

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语言躺平与情感回归的青年一代——从躺平的话语流变谈起

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深圳社会科学 2025年第1期8卷 107-115页

作者：宓淑贤上海师范大学哲学与法政学院社会学系上海200234

“躺平”成为新时期青年形象的一种重要表达,也是青年一代缓解自身焦虑的方式。躺平可以分为行动式和语言式两种类型。研究发现,当代青年处在语言式躺平-行动式躺平的连续统之中,且呈现出语言式躺平更为普遍的趋势。青年一代并未真的放... 详细信息

“躺平”成为新时期青年形象的一种重要表达,也是青年一代缓解自身焦虑的方式。躺平可以分为行动式和语言式两种类型。研究发现,当代青年处在语言式躺平-行动式躺平的连续统之中,且呈现出语言式躺平更为普遍的趋势。青年一代并未真的放弃对美好生活的追求。获得感成为躺平话语中的核心理念,低获得感让青年感到不安,通过逃离消费式生活样态来暂时性地选择躺平。躺平青年以躺平的状态为自己的行动立论,从拒绝内卷到拒绝任何意义上的竞争。躺平是上无老赡养下无儿抚育的青年群体的一种短时间内的选择,同时,他们逐渐回归于情感式责任,重拾家庭情感价值,获得生产者之外的生活意义。躺平青年以“家”为后盾,成为去义务化的一代,展演着内心的跌宕与冲突。躺平实际上是一种无奈之举,他们仍然是为自己和他人负责任的一代。家成为部分躺平青年的背后支撑,也是代际共享责任理念的空间承载,两代人都认为成家是责任的体现,父辈需要子辈成家以传递责任,子辈自认为无法为他人负责任而暂时性躺平。同时,父辈对子辈的态度在家庭和社会两个领域是不同的,前者是一种资源的传递,后者则成为一种竞争关系。躺平青年成为当代青年的一个镜像,呈现出社会变迁洪流中青年人的心态变化。

关键词：语言躺平情感回归青年话语流变代际支持

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Simulation on the dynamic stability derivatives of battle-structure-damaged aircrafts

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第3期17卷 987-1001页

作者： Bai-gang mi School of Aeronautics Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Accurately evaluating the aerodynamic performance of a battle-structure-damaged aircraft is essential to enable the pilot to optimize the flight control strategy. Based on CFD and rigid dynamic mesh techniques,a numerical method is developed to calculate the longitudinal and longitudinal-lateral coupling forces and moments with small amplitude sinusoidal pitch oscillation, and the corresponding dynamic derivatives of two fragment-structure-damaged and two continuous-rod-damaged models modified from the SACCON UAV. The results indicate that, at the reference point set in this paper, additional positive damping is generated in fragment-damaged configurations;thus, the absolute values of the negative pitch dynamic derivative increase. The missing wingtip induces negative pitch damping on the aircraft and decreases the value of the pitch dynamic derivative. The missing middle wing causes a noticeable increase in the absolute value of the pitch dynamic derivative;the missing parts on the right wing cause the aircraft to roll to the right side in the dynamic process, and the pitch-roll coupling cross dynamic derivatives are positive. Moreover, the values of these derivatives increase as the damaged area on the right wing increases, and an optimal case with the smallest cross dynamic derivative can be found to help improve the survivability of damaged aircraft.

关键词： Flying wing Fragment damage Continuous rod damage Combined dynamic derivative Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)

Accelerating phase-field-based microstructure evolution predictions via surrogate models trained by machine learning methods

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npj Computational Materials 2021年第1期7卷 9-19页

作者： David Montes de Oca Zapiain James A.Stewart rémi Dingreville Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA Energetic Materials Dynamic and reactive Science Sandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

The phase-field method is a powerful and versatile computational approach for modeling the evolution of microstructures and associated properties for a wide variety of physical,chemical,and biological ***,existing high-fidelity phase-field models are inherently computa fonally expensive,requiring high-performance computing resources and sophisticated numefical integration schemes to achieve a useful degree of *** this paper,we present a computationally inexpensive,accurate,data-driven surmogate model that directly learns the microstructural evolution of targeted systems by combining phase-field and history-dependent machine-learning *** integrate a statisti cally representative,low-dimensianal description of the micrastructure,obtained direcdy from phase-field simulations,with either a time-series multivariate adaptive regression splines autoregressive al garithm or a lang short-term memory neural *** neural-network-trained surrogate model shows the bestperformance and accurately predicts the nanlinear microstructure evolutian of a two-phase mixture during spinodal decomposition in seconds,without the need for"on-the-fly"solutions of the phase-field equations of *** also show that the predictions from our machine learned surrogate model can be fed directly as an input into a classical high-fideli ty phase-field model in order to accelerate the high-fidelity phase field simulations by leaping in *** machine-learned phase-field framework opens a promising path forward to use accelerated phase field simulations for discovering,understanding,and predicting processing-microstructure-performance relationships.

关键词： phase versatile statist

relevance of 3d multiplet structure in nickelate and cuprate superconductors

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第10期30卷 18-28页

作者： mi Jiang School of Physical Science and Technology Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215006China

The recent discovery of superconductivity in doped rare-earth infinite-layer nickelates rNiO_(2),r=Nd,Pr as a new family of unconventional superconductors has inspired extensive research on their intriguing *** of the major motivation to explore the nickelate superconductors originated from their similarities with and differences from the cuprate superconductors,which have been extensively studied over the last decades but are still lack of the thorough *** this short review,we summarized our recent investigation of the relevance of Ni/Cu-3d multiplet structure on the hole doped spin states in cuprate and recently discovered nickelate superconductors via an impurity model incorporating all the 3d *** plausible explorations to be conducted are outlined as *** presented work provides an insightful framework for the investigation of the strongly correlated electronic systems in terms of the multiplet structure of transition metal compounds.

关键词： strongly correlated systems cuprate superconductors infinite-layer nickelates multi-orbital Hubbard model