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Mitochondrial dysfunction affects hepatic immune and metabolic remodeling in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-onchronic liver failure

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第8期30卷 881-900页

作者： Yu Zhang Xiao-Ling Tian Jie-qun Li Dong-Sheng Wu Qiang Li bin chen Department of Hepatology Institute of HepatologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410021Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Liver Transplant Transplant Medical Research CenterThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangsha 410011Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese MedicineChangsha 410021Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Immune dysregulation and metabolic derangement have been recognized as key factors that contribute to the progression of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF).However,the mechanisms underlying immune and metabolic derangement in patients with advanced HBV-ACLF are unclear.AIM To identify the bioenergetic alterations in the liver of patients with HBV-ACLF causing hepatic immune dysregulation and metabolic disorders.METHODS Liver samples were collected from 16 healthy donors(HDs)and 17 advanced HBV-ACLF patients who were eligible for liver transplantation.The mitochondrial ultrastructure,metabolic characteristics,and immune microenvironment of the liver were assessed.More focus was given to organic acid metabolism as well as the function and subpopulations of macrophages in patients with HBV-ACLF.RESULTS Compared with HDs,there was extensive hepatocyte necrosis,immune cell infiltration,and ductular reaction in patients with ACLF.In patients,the liver suffered severe hypoxia,as evidenced by increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α.Swollen mitochondria and cristae were observed in the liver of patients.The number,length,width,and area of mitochondria were adaptively increased in hepatocytes.Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation decreased,while anaerobic glycolysis was enhanced in patients with HBV-ACLF.These findings suggested that,to a greater extent,hepa-tocytes used the extra-mitochondrial glycolytic pathway as an energy source.Patients with HBV-ACLF had elevated levels of chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 in the liver homogenate,which stimulates peripheral monocyte infiltration into the liver.Characterization and functional analysis of macrophage subsets revealed that patients with ACLF had a high abundance of CD68^(+)HLA-DR^(+)macrophages and elevated levels of both interleukin-1βand transforming growth factor-β1 in their livers.The abundance of CD206^(+)CD163^(+)macrophages and expression of interleukin-10 decreased.Th

关键词： Acute-on-chronic liver failure Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α Mitochondria Metabolic phenotype Immune cells

Controllable chemical redox reactions to couple microbial degradation for organic contaminated sites remediation:A review

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 428-445页

作者： bin chen Jiang Xu Lizhong Zhu College of Environmental and Resource Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Zhejiang Agriculture&Forest University Lin'an 311300China

Global environmental concern over organic contaminated sites has been progressively conspicuous during the process of urbanization and industrial restructuring.While traditional physical or chemical remediation technologies may significantly destroy the soil structure and function,coupling moderate chemical degradation with microbial remediation becomes a potential way for the green,economic,and efficient remediation of contaminated sites.Hence,this work systematically elucidates why and how to couple chemical technology with microbial remediation,mainly focused on the controllable redox reactions of organic contaminants.The rational design of materials structure,selective generation of reactive oxygen species,and estimation of degradation pathway are described for chemical oxidation.Meanwhile,current progress on efficient and selective reductions of organic contaminants(i.e.,dechlorination,defluorination,-NO_(2) reduction)is introduced.Combined with the microbial remediation of contaminated sites,several consideration factors of how to couple chemical and microbial remediation are proposed based on both fundamental and practical points of view.This review will advance the understanding and development of chemical-microbial coupled remediation for organic contaminated sites.

关键词： Soil remediation Groundwater remediation Rational design Reactive species Environmental nanotechnology

A refined representation method of the particle size distribution curve based on grading entropy

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 302-311页

作者： Xing Li qun chen Zhaozhao Liu cheng Zhou chen Wang chen chen State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering College of Water Resource and HydropowerSichuan UniversityChengdu610065China

The particle size distribution(PSD)curve is an important expression of the basic properties of the soil.The characteristic parameters such as median particle size D 50,effective particle size D 10,and some combinations of characteristic parameters can only represent some points of the PSD curve,failing to represent all information of the PSD curve.In this paper,a fraction characteristic parameter F that could reflect the fraction size variation of the PSD curve was introduced based on grading entropy.And a new presentation method of the A-B-F three parameters was proposed for a refined representation of the PSD curve.It was found that the newly constructed model not only better represents the differences in the width of PSD curves but also has a higher sensitivity than the A-B two-parameter model proposed by Lőrincz.For PSD curves with similar distributions,the new presentation method has a higher degree of discrimination than that of the D 50-C u-C c three-parameter or the four-parameter combination G c proposed by Arshad.Finally,the application of this new method in describing the spatial nonuniformity distribution of depositions and predicting the soil hydraulic conductivity was discussed.The research results can provide a reference for the refined representation of PSD curves.

关键词： Grading entropy Particle size distribution curve Refined representation

Cause analysis of expressway traffic accidents based on accident statistics of Hunan provincial expressway in 2012-2018

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Transportation Safety and Environment 2024年第1期6卷 83-92页

作者： Xinyu Liu Shengjun Huang qun chen Business school Foshan UniversityFoshan 528225GuangdongChina School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410075HunanChina Hunan Provincial Expressway Traffic Police Station Law Enforcement DepartmentChangsha 410007HunanChina

Based on the 2012–2018 accident statistics on the Hunan Provincial Expressway in China,this paper analyses the proportion to which various factors contribute to accidents,as well as the trends over time.From 2012 to 2018,the total number of general procedure handling accidents(i.***.major accidents)increased first and then decreased,while the number of accidents and deaths per 1000 kilometres decreased year by year.The total number of simple procedure handling accidents(i.***.minor accidents)increased year by year,but the number of accidents per 1000 kilometres remained relatively stable.Speeding,fatigued driving,improper driving operation,failure to maintain a safe distance from the preceding vehicle and pedestrians entering the expressway are the main causes of general procedure handling accidents.Failure to maintain a safe distance from the preceding vehicle as required and improper driving operation accounted for approximately 2/3 of the simple procedure handling accidents.In view of the accidents caused by these factors,how to use law enforcement,education,science and technology and facilities construction to further reduce the occurrence of expressway traffic accidents is discussed.

关键词： expressway traffic accident cause analysis

Tuning mechanical behaviors of highly entangled hydrogels with the random distribution of mobile entanglements

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第2期45卷 277-294页

作者： Jinlong LIU Di LU bin chen Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Beijing System Design Institute of Electro-Mechanic Engineering Beijing 100854China Intelligent Robotic Research Center Zhejiang LaboratoryHangzhou 310027China Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou 311100China

Highly entangled hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties,including high toughness,high stretchability,and low hysteresis.By considering the evolution of randomly distributed entanglements within the polymer network upon mechanical stretches,we develop a constitutive theory to describe the large stretch behaviors of these hydrogels.In the theory,we utilize a representative volume element(RVE)in the shape of a cube,within which there exists an averaged chain segment along each edge and a mobile entanglement at each corner.By employing an explicit method,we decouple the elasticity of the hydrogels from the sliding motion of their entanglements,and derive the stress-stretch relations for these hydrogels.The present theoretical analysis is in agreement with experiment,and highlights the significant influence of the entanglement distribution within the hydrogels on their elasticity.We also implement the present developed constitutive theory into a commercial finite element software,and the subsequent simulations demonstrate that the exact distribution of entanglements strongly affects the mechanical behaviors of the structures of these hydrogels.Overall,the present theory provides valuable insights into the deformation mechanism of highly entangled hydrogels,and can aid in the design of these hydrogels with enhanced performance.

关键词： highly entangled hydrogel constitutive theory entanglement gamma distribution

Prediction of the thermal conductivity of Mg–Al–La alloys by CALPHAD method

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 129-137页

作者： Hongxia Li Wenjun Xu Yufei Zhang Shenglan Yang Lijun Zhang bin Liu qun Luo Qian Li State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steels&Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Ferrometallurgy&School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China National Engineering Research Center for Magnesium Alloys Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China National Key Laboratory of Advanced Casting Technologies Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China

Mg-Al alloys have excellent strength and ductility but relatively low thermal conductivity due to Al addition.The accurate prediction of thermal conductivity is a prerequisite for designing Mg-Al alloys with high thermal conductivity.Thus,databases for predicting temperature-and composition-dependent thermal conductivities must be established.In this study,Mg-Al-La alloys with different contents of Al2La,Al3La,and Al11La3phases and solid solubility of Al in the α-Mg phase were designed.The influence of the second phase(s) and Al solid solubility on thermal conductivity was investigated.Experimental results revealed a second phase transformation from Al_(2)La to Al_(3)La and further to Al_(11)La_(3)with the increasing Al content at a constant La amount.The degree of the negative effect of the second phase(s) on thermal diffusivity followed the sequence of Al2La>Al3La>Al_(11)La_(3).Compared with the second phase,an increase in the solid solubility of Al in α-Mg remarkably reduced the thermal conductivity.On the basis of the experimental data,a database of the reciprocal thermal diffusivity of the Mg-Al-La system was established by calculation of the phase diagram (CALPHAD)method.With a standard error of±1.2 W/(m·K),the predicted results were in good agreement with the experimental data.The established database can be used to design Mg-Al alloys with high thermal conductivity and provide valuable guidance for expanding their application prospects.

关键词： magnesium alloy thermal conductivity thermodynamic calculations materials computation

Evaluation of frictional pressure drop correlations for air-water and air-oil two-phase flow in pipeline-riser system

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1305-1319页

作者： Nai-Liang Li bin chen School of Low-carbon Energy and Power Engineering China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou221116JiangsuChina State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049ShaanxiChina

Accurate prediction of the frictional pressure drop is important for the design and operation of subsea oil and gas transporting system considering the length of the pipeline. The applicability of the correlations to pipeline-riser flow needs evaluation since the flow condition in pipeline-riser is quite different from the original data where they were derived from. In the present study, a comprehensive evaluation of 24prevailing correlation in predicting frictional pressure drop is carried out based on experimentally measured data of air-water and air-oil two-phase flows in pipeline-riser. Experiments are performed in a system having different configuration of pipeline-riser with the inclination of the downcomer varied from-2°to-5°to investigated the effect of the elbow on the frictional pressure drop in the riser. The inlet gas velocity ranges from 0.03 to 6.2 m/s, and liquid velocity varies from 0.02 to 1.3 m/s. A total of885 experimental data points including 782 on air-water flows and 103 on air-oil flows are obtained and used to access the prediction ability of the correlations. Comparison of the predicted results with the measured data indicate that a majority of the investigated correlations under-predict the pressure drop on severe slugging. The result of this study highlights the requirement of new method considering the effect of pipe layout on the frictional pressure drop.

关键词： Frictional pressure drop Pipeline-riser Gas-liquid two-phase flow Severe slugging Correlation

The growth ofβphase in Mg-Gd-Y-Ni alloy by experimental and first-principles study

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 506-515页

作者： Yiqiang Hao Lei Zhou Zhiqing chen Zhixian Zhao bin chen School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai200240China

The paper reports on the atomic investigation aboutβphase in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy by using the first-principles study and the high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscope(HAADF-STEM)corrected by atomic Cs.By using HAADF-STEM,the rectangularβphases were observed in the underage and peak aging stages in Mg_(96)Gd_(2)Y_(1)Ni_(1) alloy.Theβphase could be precipitated from the previously precipitatedβphase,and theβphase grew in steps when it was precipitated.A special transition structure of three atomic layer thicknesses was first observed at the edge of theβphase and the structure of this interface is probably as theβ/Mg_(1) interface for the analysis of thermodynamic characterization and electronic characterization.Theβ'phase and theβ_(H) structure were precipitated only at the edge of the length directions of theβphase.Theβ'phase continues to grow into aβphase directly without the formation ofβ_(1) phase,resulting in an increase in the length of theβphase,which is discovered for the first time.

关键词： HAADF-STEM First-principles study Mg-Gd-Y-Ni alloy βphase Growth Interface

The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 218-235页

作者： Kailang Huang bin Yang Zebang Xu Hongwei chen Jiakun Wang Institute of Dairy Science College of Animal SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition Ministry of EducationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Background Four-chambered stomach including the forestomachs(rumen,reticulum,and omasum)and abomasum allows ruminants convert plant fiber into high-quality animal products.The early development of this four-chambered stomach is crucial for the health and well-being of young ruminants,especially the immune development.However,the dynamics of immune development are poorly understood.Results We investigated the early gene expression patterns across the four-chambered stomach in Hu sheep,at 5,10,15,and 25 days of age.We found that forestomachs share similar gene expression patterns,all four stomachs underwent widespread activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses from d 5 to 25,whereas the metabolic function were significantly downregulated with age.We constructed a cell landscape of the four-chambered stomach using single-cell sequencing.Integrating transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that the immune-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in T cells,monocytes and macrophages,as well as the defense-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in endothelial cells in the four-stomach tissues.Moreover,the non-immune cells such as epithelial cells play key roles in immune maturation.Cell communication analysis predicted that in addition to immune cells,non-immune cells recruit immune cells through macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the forestomachs.Conclusions Our results demonstrate that the immune and defense responses of four stomachs are quickly developing with age in lamb's early life.We also identified the gene expression patterns and functional cells associated with immune development.Additionally,we identified some key receptors and signaling involved in immune regulation.These results help to understand the early life immune development at single-cell resolution,which has implications to develop nutritional manipulation and health management strategies based on specific targets including key receptors and signaling pathways.

关键词： Early life Forestomachs Four-chambered stomach Immune cells Immune system maturation MIF signaling Rumen Ruminant development Single-cell transcriptomic sequencing