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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 396-411页

作者： Shengyang Xu Chong Jiao qiyu diao Yan Tu Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China

Background Rumen bacterial groups can affect growth performance,such as average daily gain(ADG),feed intake,and *** study aimed to investigate the inter-relationship of rumen bacterial composition,rumen fermentation indicators,serum indicators,and growth performance of Holstein heifer calves with different *** calves were chosen from a trail with 60 calves and divided into higher ADG(HADG,high pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)and lower ADG(LADG,low pre-and post-weaning ADG,n=6)groups to investigate differences in bacterial composition and functions and host *** During the preweaning period,the relative abundances of propionate producers,including g_norank_f_Butyricicoccaceae,g_Pyramidobacter,and g_norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadin BB60_group,were higher in HADG calves(LDA>2,P<0.05).Enrichment of these bacteria resulted in increased levels of propionate,a gluconeogenic precursor,in preweaning HADG calves(adjusted P<0.05),which consequently raised serum glucose concentrations(adjusted P<0.05).In contrast,the relative abundances of rumen bacteria in post-weaning HADG calves did not exert this ***,no significant differences were observed in rumen fermentation parameters and serum indices between the two *** The findings of this study revealed that the preweaning period is the window of opportunity for rumen bacteria to regulate the ADG of calves.

关键词： Average daily gain Calves Preweaning period Rumen microbiota

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反刍动物营养与日粮中的蛋白替代技术策略

饲料工业 2024年第2期45卷 1-7页

作者：刁其玉张春桃中国农业科学院饲料研究所北京100081

“大食物观”包含了饲料在内的粮食安全供给,我国饲料粮占粮食总量48.2%,其中蛋白质饲料资源短缺,对外依存度居高不下,给畜产品稳产保供、粮食安全带来隐患,制约着我国畜牧业的发展。牛羊等反刍动物产业既是重要的畜牧产业构成,也是民... 详细信息

“大食物观”包含了饲料在内的粮食安全供给,我国饲料粮占粮食总量48.2%,其中蛋白质饲料资源短缺,对外依存度居高不下,给畜产品稳产保供、粮食安全带来隐患,制约着我国畜牧业的发展。牛羊等反刍动物产业既是重要的畜牧产业构成,也是民生产业,文章针对非蛋白氮、低蛋白日粮配制等技术在反刍动物营养与日粮中的应用以及蛋白替代策略进行论述,旨在为反刍动物养殖过程中开源节流、绿色可持续发展提供参考。

关键词：反刍动物非蛋白氮低蛋白日粮蛋白替代蛋白饲料

生长期萨能奶山羊能量和蛋白质需要量的Meta分析

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中国畜牧杂志 2024年第2期60卷 265-272页

作者：黄娟刁其玉张乃锋中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室北京100081

本研究旨在通过数据模型估算生长期萨能奶山羊的能量和蛋白质需要量。为确定模型参数,采用数据库检索的方法收集文献,按照文献排除标准,共纳入文献9篇、419只萨能奶山羊的数据进行Meta分析。提取的文献定量指标包括体重(BW)、空腹体重(E... 详细信息

本研究旨在通过数据模型估算生长期萨能奶山羊的能量和蛋白质需要量。为确定模型参数,采用数据库检索的方法收集文献,按照文献排除标准,共纳入文献9篇、419只萨能奶山羊的数据进行Meta分析。提取的文献定量指标包括体重(BW)、空腹体重(EBW)、平均日增重(ADG)、产热量(HP)、代谢能摄入量(MEI)、沉积能量(RE)、代谢蛋白质摄入量(MPI)和体蛋白质含量(BPC)。通过拟合获得主要模型:维持净能(NEm)Log HP(MJ/kg EBW0.75)=-0.534 08(±0.025 01)+0.424 45(±0.020 40)×MEI(MJ/kg EBW0.75);生长净能(NEg):NEg(MJ/kg EBW0.75)=1.29 471×100.644 54×EBW0.294 71;维持净蛋白质(NPm):RN(g/kg EBW0.75)=-0.456 21(±0.514 35)+3.035 90(±0.638 35)×NI(g/kg EBW0.75);生长净蛋白质(NPg):NPg(g/d)=0.94 717×102.318 84×EBW-0.058 3。通过模型计算得出10~40 kg萨能奶山羊的NEm为0.29 MJ/kg EBW0.75,维持代谢能(MEm)为0.483 0 MJ/kg EBW0.75;NPm为2.85 g/kg EBW0.75,维持代谢蛋白质(MPm)为3.314 7 g/kg EBW0.75。体重10~40 kg阶段,日增重为100~250 g/d时的NEg需要量为0.77~3.41 MJ/d,生长代谢能(MEg)为3.848~17.743 MJ/d;NPg为12.00~34.33 g/d;生长代谢蛋白质(MPg)为17.14~49.04 g/d。因此,本文得出生长期萨能奶山羊的能量及蛋白质需要量与NRC推荐值存在较小差异,可以使用本研究得出的需要量公式及参数作为参考。

关键词： Meta分析萨能奶山羊能量蛋白质营养需要

维普期刊数据库博看期刊

体外法研究酵母复合物对泌乳早期奶牛日粮降解特性和瘤胃发酵参数的影响

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饲料工业 2024年第11期45卷 62-68页

作者：张炯奇徐晓锋林涛屠焰刁其玉毕研亮宁夏大学动物科技学院宁夏银川750021 中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业部饲料生物技术重点实验室奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室北京100081 北京加佳农生物科技有限公司北京102488

试验旨在利用体外法研究日粮中添加酵母复合物对泌乳早期奶牛日粮降解特性和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,分为3组,每组每个发酵时间点(6、12、24、30、48 h)3个重复。对照组为基础日粮,试验1、2组在基础日粮中添加1%酵... 详细信息

试验旨在利用体外法研究日粮中添加酵母复合物对泌乳早期奶牛日粮降解特性和瘤胃发酵参数的影响。试验采用单因素试验设计,分为3组,每组每个发酵时间点(6、12、24、30、48 h)3个重复。对照组为基础日粮,试验1、2组在基础日粮中添加1%酵母复合物,发酵12 h后试验2组再添加1%酵母复合物。结果显示:与对照组相比,试验1、2组发酵液中12~48 h各时间点的酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、粗蛋白(CP)和12 h干物质(DM)降解率以及12~30 h各时间点的氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度均显著提高(P<0.05);6、48 h乙丙比显著降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,试验2组发酵液中24 h乙酸、丙酸、戊酸、己酸、异丁酸和异戊酸浓度以及30、48 h DM降解率均显著提高(P<0.05)。说明在日粮中添加1%酵母复合物可有效提高泌乳早期奶牛日粮中DM、NDF、ADF和CP降解率及发酵液中NH3-N和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度,发酵12 h后再添加1%酵母复合物效果更好。

关键词：泌乳早期奶牛酵母复合物体外发酵降解率发酵参数

甘草、苦木提取物与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响

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动物营养学报 2024年第9期36卷 5793-5804页

作者：邢中应徐翔张春桃吴秋珏屠焰刁其玉中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室北京100081 河南科技大学动物科技学院洛阳471003

本试验旨在研究甘草、苦木提取物(以下简称甘苦提取物)与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响。选取45头5日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为3个组(每组3个重复,每个重复5头牛),分别为对照组(饲喂代乳粉/开食料)、甘苦提取... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究甘草、苦木提取物(以下简称甘苦提取物)与蒙脱石对哺乳期犊牛生长性能、腹泻率和血清指标的影响。选取45头5日龄中国荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为3个组(每组3个重复,每个重复5头牛),分别为对照组(饲喂代乳粉/开食料)、甘苦提取物组(LPE组,饲喂代乳粉/开食料+1 g/kg甘苦提取物)和甘苦提取物+蒙脱石组(LPE+MMT组,饲喂代乳粉/开食料+1 g/kg甘苦提取物+5 g/kg蒙脱石)。预试期3 d,正试期60 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,LPE和LPE+MMT组平均日增重(ADG)、平均日采食量(ADFI)、料重比(F/G)、体高、十字部位高、腰角宽和胸围均无显著差异(P>0.05),体斜长全期增长率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,LPE和LPE+MMT组8~37日龄、38~67日龄和8~67日龄的粪便评分和8~37日龄的腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05),LPE+MMT组38~67日龄和8~67日龄的腹泻率显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,LPE+MMT组血清胰岛素生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和白细胞介素-8(IL-8)含量显著降低(P<0.05);LPE和LPE+MMT组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。LPE+MMT组血清MDA含量显著低于LPE组(P<0.05),血清IgM含量显著高于LPE组(P<0.05)。由此可见,在哺乳期犊牛代乳粉中添加甘苦提取物与蒙脱石可有效促进机体的生长发育,降低犊牛的腹泻率,增强抗氧化能力和免疫功能,且甘苦提取物与蒙脱石联用的效果优于甘苦提取物。

关键词：甘草苦木提取物蒙脱石犊牛

食叶草的营养价值及其在肉羊瘤胃中降解特性研究

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动物营养学报 2024年第6期36卷 3789-3796页

作者：杨春旭陈渤周威陈东李琴张乃锋屠焰毕研亮成述儒刁其玉甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院兰州730070 中国农业科学院饲料研究所农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室北京100081 北京茂盛食叶草科技产业发展有限公司北京101318 湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院长沙410128

本试验旨在研究食叶草的营养价值及其在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性,为食叶草在反刍动物饲粮中的应用提供依据。在采用化学分析法测定食叶草常规营养成分含量的基础上,采用尼龙袋法,以装有瘤胃瘘管的3头成年肉羊为试验动物,测定食叶草中4种常... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究食叶草的营养价值及其在肉羊瘤胃中的降解特性,为食叶草在反刍动物饲粮中的应用提供依据。在采用化学分析法测定食叶草常规营养成分含量的基础上,采用尼龙袋法,以装有瘤胃瘘管的3头成年肉羊为试验动物,测定食叶草中4种常规营养成分在2、4、6、12、24、36、48 h时的瘤胃降解率和降解参数。结果表明:新鲜食叶草中初水分含量为91.12%,食叶草干物质(DM)中有机物(OM)含量达到96.99%,粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)含量分别为31.43%和2.45%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量分别为31.75%和25.45%,钙(Ca)、磷(P)含量分别为0.51%和0.40%。食叶草DM、CP、NDF、ADF 48 h的瘤胃降解率分别为81.05%、82.88%、60.70%、58.57%,有效降解率分别为56.13%、58.93%、36.36%、34.94%。综上可知,食叶草的CP含量较高,NDF和ADF含量较低,主要营养成分在肉羊瘤胃中有较高的降解率,可作为优质饲草来源在反刍动物养殖中推广。

关键词：食叶草营养价值肉羊尼龙袋法瘤胃降解率

The crucial role of lysine in the hepatic metabolism of growing Holstein dairy heifers as revealed by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第4期7卷 1152-1161页

作者： Fanlin Kong Yuan Li qiyu diao Yanliang Bi Yan Tu Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of RuminantsKey Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen-protected Lys based on a Lys-deficient diet on liver metabolism in growing Holstein *** experiment was conducted for 3 months with 36 Holstein heifers(initial body weight:200±9.0 kg;7-month-old).Heifers were randomly assigned to 2 diets based on corn,soybean meal,alfalfa hay,and wheat bran:control,Lysdeficient diet(LD;0.66%Lys in diet),and Lys-adequate diet(LA;1.00%Lys in diet).The results showed no difference in growth performance between the 2 groups(P>0.05).However,there was a clear trend of increasing feed conversion rate with Lys supplementation(0.05

关键词： Growing Holstein heifer Lysine Liver Untargeted metabolomics

Characterization and mitigation option of greenhouse gas emissions from lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第6期13卷 1959-1972页

作者： Peng Jia Yan Tu Zhihao Liu Qi Lai Fadi Li Lifeng Dong qiyu diao State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry InnovationMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsEngineering Research Center of Grassland IndustryMinistry of EducationCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and TechnologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730020People’s Republic of China Institute of Feed Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of RuminantBeijing 100081People’s Republic of China College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003People’s Republic of China College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu 610041People’s Republic of China.

Background:This study investigated greenhouse gas(GHG)emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction *** system was used to measure the amount of methane(CH_(4))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitted by the cows through *** from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity,body weight,milk yield,and milk component yield on CH_(4) and CO_(2) ***:Mean herd responses throughout the study were as follows:111 cows completed all experimental processes,while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 *** average,lactating days of cows was 138±19.04 d,metabolic weight was 136.5±9.5 kg,parity was 2.8±1.0,dry matter intake(DMI)was 23.1±2.6 kg/d,and milk yield was 38.1±6.9 kg/*** GreenFeed system revealed that CH_(4) production(expressed in CO_(2) equivalent,CO_(2)-eq)was found to be 8304 g/d,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/DMI was 359 g/kg,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/energy-corrected milk(ECM)was 229.5 g/kg,total CO_(2) production(CH_(4) production plus CO_(2) production)was 19,201 g/d,total CO_(2)/DMI was 831 g/kg,and total CO_(2)/ECM was 531 g/*** parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO_(2) emissions(P>0.05).Cows with high milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield produced more total CO_(2)(P<0.05),but their total CO_(2) production per kg of ECM was low(P<0.05).The total CO_(2)/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17%and 27%lower than that of the low milk yield group,***:The parity and body condition had no effect on total CO_(2) emissions,while the total CO_(2)/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy *** of total CO_(2) emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish re

关键词： Enteric methane emissions GreenFeed system Holstein dairy cows Mitigation option Production performance

Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and slaughter traits of male fattening lambs under different feeding standards

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 74-79页

作者： Tao Ma Fan Wan Dong Yang Kaidong Deng Kailun Yang qiyu diao Feed Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University College of Animal Science Jinling Institute of Technology

This study compared the growth performance, nutrient utilization, and slaughter traits of Dorper crossbred male lambs fed as per the established nutrition recommendations for sheep, with an aim to verify the efficacy of different feeding standards. A total of 576 lambs(4 months of age, 28.3 ± 0.86 kg BW) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 12 replicates per treatment(16 lambs per replicate).The lambs were fed diets formulated according to the following 3 nutritional systems: the nutrient requirements of Dorper crossbred lambs established by Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS),NRC(National Research Council),(2007), and AFRC(Agricultural and Food Research Council)(1993). The experiment lasted for 81 d. Feed intake was recorded every 3 days, and lambs were weighed every 20 days. Digestibility trials were conducted with 6 lambs each group from d 42 to 53 and d 70 to 81. At the end of the experiment, 10 lambs randomly chosen from each group were sacrificed to determine the carcass traits and meat quality. The results indicated that the lambs in the NRC group had the highest dry matter intake(DMI), followed by those in the AFRC and CAAS groups(P 0.05). In conclusion, Dorper crossbred lambs fed diets formulated according to the CAAS recommendations exhibited superior growth performance than those fed diets formulated according to the American or British feeding standards.

关键词： Feeding standard Lamb Requirement Energy Protein

Effect of supplementation of allicin on methanogenesis and ruminal microbial flora in Dorper crossbred ewes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2016年第2期7卷 194-200页

作者： Tao Ma Dandan Chen Yan Tu Naifeng Zhang Bingwen Si Kaidong Deng qiyu diao Feed Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture College of Animal Science Jinling Institute of Technology

Background： Garlic extracts have been reported to be effective in reducing methanogenesis. Related mechanisms are not well illustrated, however, and most studies have been conducted in vitro. This study investigates the effects of supplementary allicin（AL） in sheep diet on in vivo digestibility, rumen fermentation, and shifts of microbial ***： Two experiments were conducted using Dorper × thin-tailed Han crossbred ewes. In experiment 1,eighteen ewes（60.0 ± 1.73 kg BW） were randomly assigned for 29 days to either of two dietary treatments： a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with 2.0 g AL/head？day to investigate supplementary AL on nutrient digestibility and methane emissions. In experiment 2, six ewes（65.2 ± 2.0 kg BW） with ruminal canulas were assigned to the same two dietary treatments as in experiment 1 for 42 days to investigate supplementary AL on ruminal fermentation and microbial flora. The methane emissions were determined using an open-circuit respirometry system and microbial assessment was done by q PCR of 16 S r RNA ***： Supplementary AL increased the apparent digestibility of organic matter（P 〈 0.001）, nitrogen（P = 0.006）,neutral detergent fiber（P 〈 0.001）, and acid detergent fiber（P = 0.002）. Fecal nitrogen output was reduced（P = 0.001）but urinary nitrogen output was unaffected（P = 0.691）, while nitrogen retention（P = 0.077） and nitrogen retention/nitrogen intake（P = 0.077） tended to increase. Supplementary AL decreased methane emissions scaled to metabolic bodyweight by 5.95 %（P = 0.007） and to digestible organic matter intake by 8.36 %（P = 0.009）. Ruminal p H was unaffected（P = 0.601） while ammonia decreased（P = 0.024） and total volatile fatty acids increased（P = 0.024） in response to supplementary AL. Supplementary AL decreased the population of methanogens（P = 0.001） and tended to decrease that of protozoans（P = 0.097）, but increased the populations of F. succinogenes（P 〈 0.001）, R. flavefaciens（P = 0.001）, and B. fibris

关键词： Allicin Digestibility Ewe Methane Microbial flora