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Pharmaceutical care recommendations for antiviral treatments in children with coronavirus disease 2019

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期16卷 271-274页

作者： Yan Wang li-qin zhu Department of Pharmacy Tianjin Children's HospitalTianjin 300134China Department of Pharmacy Tianjin First Central HospitalTianjin 300192China

Up to now,no antiviral therapeutic regimens with exact efficacy are recommended to be used in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Interim Guidance for Diagnosis and Treatment (the sixth edition) of COVID-19 [1] only provided potential antiviral treatments in adults.According to the current guidelines for management in adults and children and available resources in antiviral drugs,we herein discussed the pharmaceutical care of the five antiviral treatments (IFN-α,lopinavir/ritonavir,ribavirin,chloroquine diphosphate and arbidol) in children with COVID-19 (Table 1).

关键词： treatment drugs regimen

Laser additive manufacturing of ductile Fe-based bulk metallic glass composite

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第26期121卷 148-153页

作者： qingjie li Dandan qin Yunzhuo Lu Xuemei zhu Xing Lu School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian Jiaotong UniversityDalian 116028China

Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)is a promising technology for processing bulk metallic glass(BMG)with freeform geometries or unlimited size.However,the inherently brittle Fe-based BMGs produced by LAM have always been plagued by the micro-cracking induced by the large thermal stresses during the LAM process.To solve this dilemma,316L stainless steel(SS)with excellent toughness and similar elemental composition was carefully selected as the second phase to form Fe-based BMG composites(BMGCs).The obtained Fe-based BMGCs are equipped with a heterogeneous structure,i.e.,the 316L SS phase is wrapped by the metallic glass and forms a unique"fishbone"structure with a micron-scale.Excitedly,the special structure nicely improves a plastic strain of the Fe-based BMGC with a strength of 2355 MPa to~17%,achieving a record-breaking achievement among Fe-based amorphous with critical dimensions over 1mm.

关键词： Laser additive manufacturing Metallic glass composite Crack free Stainless steel

Hot-top direct chill casting assisted by a twin-cooling field:Improving the ingot quality of a large-size 2024 Al alloy

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第17期112卷 114-122页

作者： Cheng zhu Zhihao Zhao qingfeng zhu Gaosong Wang Yubo Zuo Qiangqiang li Gaowu qin Research Center for Metallic Wires School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China Key Laboratory of Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Ministry of EducationNortheastern UniversityShenyang 110819China

Microstructure inhomogeneity and negative segregation have long been challenges for large-size alloy ingots,directly affecting the downstream processing and final performance of products.Here,we used2024 aluminum alloy as a model alloy to propose a technique,named double-cooling field casting,i.e.,one 2024 Al alloy rod(Φ20 mm)at room temperature was introduced into the melt along the central axis of the hot-top with the protection of a thermal-insulation tube during the direct chill(DC)casting process of aΦ300 mm 2024 Al alloy ingot.The results show that the introduction of the same alloy solid insert has a remarkable influence on refining grains in the center region of the ingot,reducing negative centerline segregation and decreasing the depth of the center part of the sump.With the application of the 2024 Al insert,the mean size of equiaxed grains at the center part of the ingot decreased from1204±132μm to 721±69μm.The relative deviation of the Cu and Mg main solutes reduced from-0.062 and-0.054 to-0.03 and-0.024,respectively,and the sump depth decreased from 280 mm to242 mm.Moreover,the shape of the solidification front was changed from‘V’-shaped to‘W’-shaped.The ingot quality was thus improved,mainly arising from the dissolution of the cold 2024 Al insert at a proper position of the hot-top counteracting some latent heat of solidification of the ingot,dissipating the heat of the central part of the hot-top by conducting the 2024 Al insert to the outside,and providing extra-nuclei from the unmoltenα-Al particles of the insert.

关键词： Aluminum alloy DC casting Solid insert Grain refinement Macrosegregation

Distribution patterns of SOC/TN content and their relationship with topography,vegetation and climatic factors in China’s north-south transitional zone

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2022年第4期32卷 645-662页

作者： ZHANG Junhua zhu lianqi li Guodong ZHAO Fang qin Jingting Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions(Henan University) Ministry of EducationKaifeng 475004HenanChina College of Geography and Environmental Science Henan UniversityKaifeng 475004HenanChina

The spatial distributions and variation mechanism of key soil indices in the qinling-Daba Mountains are important indicators for the identification of the transitional effect and regional characteristics of the north–south transitional zone in China.This manuscript analyzes the spatial variations in soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)and corresponding relationships with major geographical factors based on spatial analysis and geostatistics considering data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey.The results indicate that the spatial distributions of the SOC and TN contents are consistent,and three high-content areas,one secondary high-content area and one low-content area are observed.High content values are located in the high-altitude regions of the qinling-Daba Mountains and mountainous areas to the west of the Jialing River,the low-content area occurs on the north slope of the qinling Mountains,and the secondary high-content area mainly encompasses both sides of the Hanjiang River and regions in the qinling-Daba Mountains at altitudes below 1000 m.The SOC and TN contents vary between the above two ranges,with the gradual increase in content revealing a horn-shaped pattern.Considering the spatial variations and functions of vegetation,topography and climate factors,it is found that the SOC/TN range in the secondary high-content area remains consistent along the 1000 m contour line,the upper limit of the transitional mountain altitudinal belt,the 0℃isotherm line in January and the 24℃isotherm line in July.This region constitutes the main body of the transitional zone between the subtropical and warm temperate zones,and the northern boundary is roughly distributed along the Dujiangyan-Maoxian-Pingwu-Wenxian line to the west of the Jialing River and the 1000 m contour line on the southern slope of the qinling Mountains,while the southern boundary occurs along the Dujiangyan-Beichuan-qingchuan line to the west of the Jialing River and the 1000 m contour line on the northern slope of the Daba Mount

关键词： China’s north-south transitional zone SOC/TN distribution terrains mountain altitudinal belts climatic elements

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructures Evolution of GNP-Reinforced Fine-Grained Mg Composites

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2024年第3期37卷 407-424页

作者： Hengrui Hu Jiayu qin Yunpeng zhu Jinhui Wang Xiaoqiang li Peipeng Jin qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of New light Alloys Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China qinghai Provincial Engineering Research Center of High Performance light Metal Alloys and Forming Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Material Science and Engineering Lanzhou University of TechnologyLanzhou 730050China

Graphene nanoplates(GNPs)-reinforced magnesium matrix composites have been attracted great attention.However,knowledge is lack for the hot deformation behavior of GNP-reinforced magnesium(GNPs/Mg)composite.In this study,the fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite was fabricated by powder metallurgy process followed by extrusion.The hot deformation behavior,microstructure evolution and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)mechanism of fine-grained GNPs/Mg composite were investigated by hot compression test and electron back-scatter diffraction(EBSD).The hot compression tests of the composite were conducted at temperatures between 423 and 573 K with the strain rates from 0.001 to 1 s^(-1).The strain compensated power law equation was established to describe the hot deformation behavior of the composites.The stress exponent and activation energy of the composite are 7.76 and 83.23 kJ/mol,respectively,suggesting that the deformation mechanism is grain boundary slip controlled dislocation climb creep.The abnormally high stress exponent and activation energy are unattainable in the composite due to the fine grain size of the composites and the absence of Zener pinning and Orowan effects of GNPs reinforcement.The grain size increases with the decrease in Zener-Hollomn(Z)parameter,which can be well fitted by power-law relationship.With the increase in grain size and decrease in Z parameter,the geometrically necessary dislocation density decreases,which shows the approximately power-law relationship.A random and weak texture was formed after hot compression.The discontinuous dynamic recrystallization and continuous dynamic recrystallization mechanism dominated the DRX behavior at 473 K/0.001 s^(-1) and 573 K/0.001 s^(-1),respectively.

关键词： GNPs Mg composite Hot deformation behavior Constitutive equations Microstructure evolution Dynamic recrystallization

Electrically-driven ultrafast out-of-equilibrium light emission from hot electrons in suspended graphene/hBN heterostructures

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 328-338页

作者： Qiang liu Wei Xu Xiaoxi li Tongyao Zhang Chengbing qin Fang Luo Zhihong zhu Shiqiao qin Mengjian zhu Kostya S Novoselov College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies&Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano-optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunan 410073People’s Republic of China Nanhu Laser Laboratory National University of Defense TechnologyChangshaHunan 410073People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Opto-ElectronicsShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices Institute of Laser SpectroscopyShanxi UniversityTaiyuan 030006People’s Republic of China Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials National University of SingaporeSingapore 117544Singapore Department of Materials Science and Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117575Singapore

Nanoscale light sources with high speed of electrical modulation and low energy consumption are key components for nanophotonics and optoelectronics.The record-high carrier mobility and ultrafast carrier dynamics of graphene make it promising as an atomically thin light emitter which can be further integrated into arbitrary platforms by van der Waals forces.However,due to the zero bandgap,graphene is difficult to emit light through the interband recombination of carriers like conventional semiconductors.Here,we demonstrate ultrafast thermal light emitters based on suspended graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(Gr/hBN)heterostructures.Electrons in biased graphene are significantly heated up to 2800 K at modest electric fields,emitting bright photons from the near-infrared to the visible spectral range.By eliminating the heat dissipation channel of the substrate,the radiation efficiency of the suspended Gr/hBN device is about two orders of magnitude greater than that of graphene devices supported on SiO2or hBN.Wefurther demonstrate that hot electrons and low-energy acoustic phonons in graphene are weakly coupled to each other and are not in full thermal equilibrium.Direct cooling ofhigh-temperature hot electrons to low-temperature acoustic phonons is enabled by the significant near-field heat transfer at the highly localized Gr/hBN interface,resulting in ultrafast thermal emission with up to 1 GHz bandwidth under electrical excitation.It is found thatsuspending the Gr/hBN heterostructures on the SiO2trenches significantly modifies the light emission due to the formation of the optical cavity and showed a~440%enhancement inintensity at the peak wavelength of 940 nm compared to the black-body thermal radiation.The demonstration of electrically driven ultrafast light emission from suspended Gr/hBNheterostructures sheds the light on applications of graphene heterostructures in photonicintegrated circuits,such as broadband light sources and ultrafast thermo-optic phase modulators.

关键词： suspended graphene ultrafast light emitter van der Waals heterostructures thermal radiation electron–phonon interaction

An ex vivo assay for screening glucocorticoid signaling disruption based on glucocorticoid-response gene transcription in Xenopus tails

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第4期30卷 104-112页

作者： Xiaoying Chen Yuanyuan li Min zhu Zhanfen qin State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China

There is a pressing need for developing in vivo or ex vivo assays to screen the glucocorticoid（GC） signaling disruption of chemicals. Thus, we aimed to establish an ex vivo assay for screening GC signaling disruption based on the GC-response gene transcription in Xenopus laevis tails cultured ex vivo. Firstly, we investigated effects of corticosterone（CORT, a main GC in frogs） on GC-response gene expression, and determined the six genes as molecular endpoints for assaying the GC signaling disruption. CORT in the range of 1.56–400 nmol/L was found to up-regulate transcription of the six GC-response genes, exhibiting comparable or higher sensitivity than previously reported assays. To validate this ex vivo assay, then, we examined effects of dexamethasone（a known GC signaling agonist） on GC-response gene expression. Dexamethasone displayed an agonistic action in a concentration-dependent manner, further demonstrating the efficiency of the established assay. Finally, we applied the ex vivo assay to evaluate the GC signaling disruption of bisphenol A（BPA）. In accordance with previous reports, we found a concentration-dependent agonistic activity of BPA,showing that the established assay is effective for detecting the GC signaling disrupting activity of environmental chemicals. Correspondingly, the GC signaling agonistic actions of CORT and BPA in ex vivo tails accorded with the observations in vivo, indicating that the ex vivo assay is able to detect the actions of chemicals in vivo. Overall, we established an ex vivo assay that can effectively screen GC signaling disruption of environmental chemicals.

关键词： Glucocorticoid signaling Glucocorticoid-response gene Xenopus laevis tail Dexamethasone Bisphenol A（BPA）

New insights into the influence of myo-inositol on carbohydrate metabolism during osmoregulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 86-98页

作者： Jiahua zhu liqiao Chen Yuxing Huang Fan Zhang Jingyu Pan Erchao li Jianguang qin Chuanjie qin Xiaodan Wang Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China College of Science and Engineering Flinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5001Australia Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research CenterCollege of Marine SciencesHainan UniversityHaikou 570228China Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River Neijiang Normal UniversityNeijiang 641100China

A two-factor(23)orthogonal testwas conducted to investigate the effects of dietary myo-inositol(MI)on the osmoregulation and carbohydrate metabolism of euryhaline fish tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)under sustained hypertonic stress(20 practical salinity units[psu]).6 diets containing either normal carbohydrate(NC,30%)or high carbohydrate(HC,45%)levels,with 3 levels(0,400 and 1,200 mg/kg diet)of MI,respectively,were fed to 540 fish under 20 psu for 8 weeks.Dietary MI supplementation significantly improved growth performance and crude protein content of whole fish,and decreased the content of crude lipid of whole fish(Plity of carbohydrate metabolism in liver(Plity of osmoregulation in tilapia under a long-term hypersaline exposure.The supplementation of MI at 1,200 mg/kg in the high carbohydrate diet could promote carbohydrate utilization and improve the osmoregulation capacity of tilapia under long-term hypertonic stress.

关键词： Myo-inositol Carbohydrate metabolism Osmoregulation Oreochromis niloticus

Multi-scenario Simulation for 2060 and Driving Factors of the Eco-spatial Carbon Sink in the Beibu Gulf Urban Agglomeration, China

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Chinese Geographical Science 2023年第1期33卷 85-101页

作者： qin Menglin ZHAO Yincheng liU Yuting JIANG Hongbo li Hang zhu Ziming School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China College of Forestry Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Earth&Environmental Systems Science Department Indiana State UniversityTerre Haute 47807U.S

Since China announced its goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060, carbon neutrality has become a major target in the development of China's urban agglomerations. This study applied the Future Land Use Simulation(FLUS) model to predict the land use pattern of the ecological space of the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration, in 2060 under ecological priority, agricultural priority and urbanized priority scenarios. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(In VEST) model was employed to analyse the spatial changes in ecological space carbon storage in each scenario from 2020 to 2060. Then, this study used a Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model to determine the main driving factors that influence the changes in land carbon sinking capacity. The results of the study can be summarised as follows: firstly, the agricultural and ecological priority scenarios will achieve balanced urban expansion and environmental protection of resources in an ecological space. The urbanized priority scenario will reduce the carbon sinking capacity. Among the simulation scenarios for 2060, carbon storage in the urbanized priority scenario will decrease by 112.26 × 10^(6) t compared with that for 2020 and the average carbon density will decrease by 0.96 kg/m^(2) compared with that for 2020. Carbon storage in the agricultural priority scenario will increase by 84.11 × 10^(6) t, and the average carbon density will decrease by 0.72 kg/m^(2). Carbon storage in the ecological priority scenario will increase by 3.03 × 10^(6) t, and the average carbon density will increase by 0.03 kg/m^(2). Under the premise that the population of the town will increases continuously, the ecological priority development approach may be a wise choice.Secondly, slope, distance to river and elevation are the most important factors that influence the carbon sink pattern of the ecological space in the Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration, followed by GDP, population density, slope direction and distance to traffic infrastructure.At the same time, urba

关键词： Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs(InVEST)model carbon sink multi-scenario simulation ecological space driving factor Beibu Gulf urban agglomeration