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The nutrient forms, cycling and exchange flux in the sediment and overlying water system in lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 1-13页

作者： qin boqiang ZHU Guangwei Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

This paper is a review of research works concerning the nutrient transportation, transformation and exchange between water, sediment and biota in the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River conducted in the context of project entitled 'The Processes and Mechanism of Lake Eutrophication in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River'. All the lakes from this area are shallow lakes. According to the typical lake site research, the lakes from the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River have a higher baseline of nutrition in the history. Normally the trophic status of these lakes can be categorized into medium-trophic or eutrophic. Human activities have been enhanced during the last decades, which speed up the lake eutrophic process. Lake eutrophication control needs to reduce not only the external nutrient inputs from watershed but also the internal loading from the sediments. Investigations revealed that the lake sediments in this area are considerablly high in nutrition in which at most about 30% of phosphorus exists in the form of bio-available in the sediment. The surface sediment will exert great effects on the nutrient exchange between water-sediment interface via adsorption and release of nutrient. The nutrient release from the sediment in these shallow lakes is mainly in two ways, i.e. in the undisturbed condition the nutrient is released through diffusion created by the nutrient gradient from sediment to overlying water; whereas in disturbed condition, the nutrient release is determined by the hydrodynamic forcing intensity and the sediment resuspension. Metallic elements such as the iron, manganese and aluminium and the aerobic-anaerobic ambience will affect the release of nutrients. The disturbed release will increase the total nutrients in the water column significantly in the short period. At the beginning of sediment resuspension, the dissolved nutrient concentration will increase. This increase will be damped if the ferric oxide and

关键词： shallow lakes, nutrient baseline, internal nutrient release, microbial effects.

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Responses of alkaline phosphatase activity to wind-driven waves in a large,shallow lake:Implications for phosphorus availability and algal blooms

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 143-150页

作者： Jian Zhou Xiaoxia Han boqiang qin Guangwei Zhu Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnuvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Laboratory and Analytical Testing Center Jiangsu Academy of Enuironmental Sciences Environmental Technology Co.LtdNanjing 210036China School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for algal growth,thus,a better understanding of phosphorus availability is essential to mitigate harmful algal blooms in *** waves are a ubiquitous characteristic of lake ***,its effects on the cycling of organic phosphorus and its usage by phytoplankton remain poorly elucidated in shallow eutrophic lakes.A mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of alkaline phosphatase activity fractions to wind waves in large,shallow,eutrophic Lake *** showed that wind-driven waves induced the release of alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus from the sediment,and dramatically enhanced phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase ***,compared to the calm conditions,bacterial and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in wind-wave ***,the gene copies of Microcystis phoX increased but bacterial phoX decreased under wind-wave *** ecological effects of these waves on phosphorus and phytoplankton likely accelerated the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and promoted phytoplankton production in Lake *** study provides an improved current understanding of phosphorus availability and the phosphorus strategies of plankton in shallow,eutrophic lakes.

关键词： Wind waves Alkaline phosphatase activity Phosphorus Plankton phoX

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Phosphorus forms and bioavailability of lake sediments in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第z1期49卷 28-37页

作者： ZHU Guangwei qin boqiang ZHANG Lu Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Forms of phosphorus in sediments from 25 lakes in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River were analyzed by the sequential extraction procedure. Contents and spatial distrubution of algal available phosphorus (AAP) in sediments of Lake Taihu, the third largest freshwater lake of China, were also studied. Relationships between phosphorus forms in sediment and macrophytes coverage in sample sites, as well as phosphorus forms in sediments and chlorophyal contents in lake water were discussed. Exchangeable form of phosphorus (Ex-P) in surface sediments was significantly positive correlative to total phosphorus (IP), dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) contents in the lake water. Bioavailable phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in sediments from macrophytes dominant sites were significantly lower than that in no macrophyte sites. In Lake Taihu, Ex-P content in top 3 cm sediment was highest. However, content of ferric fraction phosphorus (Fe-P) was highest in 4 - 10 cm. Bioavalilble phosphorus (Bio-P) contents in surface sediments positively correlated to Chlorophyll a contents in water of Lake Taihu with significant difference. Therefore, contents of Bio-P and AAP could be acted as the indicators of risks of internal release of phosphorus in the shallow lakes. It was estimated that there were 268.6 ton AAP in top 1 cm sediments in Lake Taihu. Sediment suspension caused by strong wind-induced wave disturbance could carry plenty of AAP into water in large shallow lakes like Lake Taihu.

关键词： shallow lakes sediments phosphorus geochemical forms bioavallabillty eutrophicatlon hydrodynamics.

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Remote sensing of cyanobacterial blooms in inland waters: present knowledge and future challenges

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Science Bulletin 2019年第20期64卷 1540-1556页

作者： Kun Shi Yunlin Zhang boqiang qin Botian Zhou Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy ofSciencesNanjing210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing400714China

Timely monitoring, detection and quantification of cyanobacterial blooms are especially important for controlling public health risks and understanding aquatic ecosystem dynamics. Due to the advantages of simultaneous data acquisition over large geographical areas and high temporal coverage, remote sensing strongly facilitates cyanobacterial bloom monitoring in inland waters. We provide a comprehensive review regarding cyanobacterial bloom remote sensing in inland waters including cyanobacterial optical characteristics, operational remote sensing algorithms of chlorophyll, phycocyanin and cyanobacterial bloom areas, and satellite imaging applications. We conclude that there have many significant progresses in the remote sensing algorithm of cyanobacterial pigments over the past 30 years. The band ratio algorithms in the red and near-infrared(NIR) spectral regions have great potential for the remote estimation of chlorophyll a in eutrophic and hypereutrophic inland waters, and the floating algae index(FAI) is the most widely used spectral index for detecting dense cyanobacterial blooms. Landsat, MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and MERIS(MEdium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) are the most widely used products for monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of cyanobacteria in inland waters due to the appropriate temporal, spatial and spectral resolutions. Future work should primarily focus on the development of universal algorithms, remote retrievals of cyanobacterial blooms in oligotrophic waters, and the algorithm applicability to mapping phycocyanin at a large spatial-temporal scale. The applications of satellite images will greatly improve our understanding of the driving mechanism of cyanobacterial blooms by combining numerical and ecosystem dynamics models.

关键词： Cyanobacterial blooms Inland waters Bio-optical properties Satellite MODIS

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The role of periphytes in the shift between macrophyte and phytoplankton dominated systems in a shallow,eutrophic lake (Lake Taihu,China)

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2006年第6期49卷 597-602页

作者： qin boqiang SONG Yuzhi GAO Guang Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Based on experiments of periphyte response to different trophic levels and their impact on macrophyte production,it was found that the periphyte biomass increased with the nutrient con-centrations. Increased trophic level and periphyte biomass resulted in decreased macrophyte photo-synthesis. It was suggested that the periphytes could cause resilience and hysteresis in the system shifts between macrophyte and phytoplankton domination. Other factors,such as fish farming,storm induced waves and mechanical destruction,and high water levels could be the perturbations during the system shifts,but these are not the key factors. Instead,the nutrient loading and periphyte abundance could determine the shift in lake ecosystem between macrophyte and phytoplankton domination. This finding could theoretically elucidate the mechanism of ecosystem shifts between macrophyte and phytoplankton domination.

关键词： shallow lake, eutrophication, ecosystem shift, macrophyte, phytoplankton.

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A vertically integrated eutrophication model and its application to a river-style reservoir-Fuchunjiang,China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第3期21卷 319-327页

作者： WU Tingfeng LUOLiancong qin boqiang CUI Guangbai YUZuoming YAO Zhiming State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China Hangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Sciences Hangzhou 310014 China Administrative Division of qingshan Reservoir Hangzhou 311305 China

Based on a 2-D hydrodynamic model, a vertically integrated eutrophication model was developed. The physical sub-model can be used for calculation of water density at different depths, and the water quality sub-model was used for calculation of algal growth. The cohesive and non-cohesive sediments were simulated separately with different methods. The light extinction coefficient used in the underwater light regime sub-model was linearly related to the sum of sediment and phytoplankton biomass. Some components less important to the model were simplified to improve practicability and calculation efficiency. Using field data from Fuchunjiang Reservoir, we calculated the sensitivity of ecological parameters included in this model and validated the model. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that the parameters strongly influenced the phytoplankton biomass, including phytoplankton maximum growth rate, respiration rate, non-predatory mortality rate, settling rate, zooplankton maximum filtration rate, specific extinction coefficient for suspended solids and sediment oxygen demand rate. The model was calibrated by adjusting these parameters. Total chlorophyll α （chl-α） concentrations at different layers in the water column were reproduced very well by the model simulations. The simulated chl-α values were positively correlated to the measured values with Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.92. The mean difference between measured and simulated chl-α concentrations was 12% of the measured chl-α concentration. Measured and simulated DO concentrations were also positively correlated （r = 0.74） and the mean difference was 4% of measured DO concentrations. The successful validation of model indicated that it would be very useful in water quality management and algal bloom prediction in Fuchunjiang Reservoir and a good tool for water quality regulation of other fiver-style reservoirs.

关键词： fiver-style reservoir eutrophication numerical model Fuchunjiang Reservoir

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Response of community composition and biomass of submerged macrophytes to variation in underwater light, wind and trophic status in a large eutrophic shallow lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第5期33卷 298-310页

作者： Baili Dong Yongqiang Zhou Erik Jeppesen Kun Shi boqiang qin Taihu Laboratory for Lake Ecosystem Research State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityVejlsovej 258600 SilkeborgDenmark Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research(SDC) University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Limnology Laboratory Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Ecosystem Research and ImplementationMiddle East Technical UniversityAnkaraTurkey

Light climate is of key importance for the growth, community composition of submerged macrophytes in lakes and, they, in turn, are affected by lake depth and the degree of eutrophication. To test the relationships between submerged macrophyte presence and the ratio of Secchi disk depth(SDD) to water depth, i.e. SDD/depth, nutrients and wind, we conducted an extensive sampling campaign in a macrophyte-dominated area of the eastern region( n = 36) in 2016 in Lake Taihu, China, and combined the data gathered with results from extensive physico-chemical monitoring data from the entire lake. We confirmed that SDD/Depth is the primary factor controlling the community composition of macrophytes and showed that plant abundance increased with increasing SDD/Depth ratio( p 0.4 ensured growth of submerged macrophytes. Total phosphorus and total nitrogen also influenced the growth and community composition of macrophytes( p 0.05). The key to restore the macrophyte beds in the lake is to reduce the nutrient loading. A decrease of the water level may contribute as well in the shallow bays but will not bring plants back in the main part of the lake. As the tolerance of shade and nutrients varied among the species studied, this should be taken into account in the restoration of lakes by addition of plants.

关键词： Underwater light climate Water depth Community composition Macrophyte Eutrophication

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Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in two different trophic states of the eutrophic Lake Taihu, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1186-1194页

作者： Keqiang Shao Guang Gao Yongping Wang Xiangming Tang boqiang qin State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing Institute of Hydraulic Research

Vertical diversity of sediment bacterial communities in 2 different trophic states （macrophyte-dominated and algae-dominated） of the large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electropfioresis （DGGE） and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Clustering analysis of DGGE profiles showed that different clusters were recognized in different depths of sediment cores in the 2 lake trophic states. Analyses of the bacterial diversity, as estimated by the Shannon index （H＇）, showed that different sediment layers of the macrophyte-dominated state had higher diversity than the algae-dominated state. In addition, bacterial diversity of the sediment in the macrophyte-dominated state changed abruptly throughout the layers, but bacterial diversity of the algae-dominated state decreased gradually with sediment depth. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum in the middle sediment of the 2 lake trophic states. In the macrophyte-dominated state, clone sequences related to Betaproteobacteria （50.0%） were the most abundant, followed by Epsilonproteobacteria （21.1%）, Acidobacteria （7.9%）, Deltaproteobacteria （7.9%）, Chloroflexi （7.9%）, and Bacteroidetes （5.3%）; whereas in the algae-dominated state, sequences affiliated with Betaproteobacteria （84.4%） were predominant, followed by Deltaproteobacteria （12.5%） and Acidobacteria （3.1%）. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that organic matter and pH play key roles in driving the vertical changes of bacterial community composition.

关键词： bacterial diversity canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) sedimentcore macrophyte- and algae-dominated states 16S rRNA

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Variation in Short-term Temperature Fluctuations Across China During the Past 60 Years

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Chinese Geographical Science 2022年第4期32卷 563-579页

作者： HE Yunchuan DENG Jianming ZHANG Yunlin DING Yanqing qin boqiang Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Research Station State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and LimnologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China School of Resource and Geosciences China University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou 221116China

Short-term temperature fluctuations(STFs),including amplitude and frequency fluctuations,are one of the main features of weather and play vital roles in determining the type of ecosystem *** temperature fluctuations at different time scales have been extensively discussed,the research on week-scale STFs is *** this study,we developed a method,that can quantify the amplitude and frequency of STFs by the thresholds from all *** used this method to quantify the amplitude and frequency of the 7-d STFs from 1951 to 2019 across *** results indicate that the amplitude of the STF was much higher in the eastern part of China than in the western part,while the frequency of the STF was higher in the middle part than in the southern and northern parts;further-more,the STF was highly dependent on internal factors such as *** long-term STF mainly showed a decreasing trend before 1990,which implies that temperature became increasingly stable from the 1950s to the *** main influencing factors were related to topography since the trends were relatively consistent in space.A case study in Taihu Lake showed that an unstable STF in winter and summer resulted in a smaller bloom area in the following spring and *** method could eliminate seasonal effects and is capable of analyzing STFs at scales ranging from days to *** of the amplitude and frequency also make the STF indicators more ***,the STF increased significantly across most of China after 1990,which implies that temperature is becoming increasingly *** drivers of these STFs are related to human impacts since the trends are different in space.

关键词： short-term temperature fluctuation altitude effect global warming climate change China

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Effects of turbulence on carbon emission in shallow lakes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 166-172页

作者： Lin Zhu boqiang qin Jian Zhou Bryce Van Dam Wenqing Shi Taihu Lake Laboratory Ecosystem Station State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Marine Sciences University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Center for Eco-Environmental Research Nanjing Hydraulics Research Institute

Turbulent mixing is enhanced in shallow lakes. As a result, exchanges across the air–water and sediment–water interfaces are increased, causing these systems to be large sources of greenhouse gases. This study investigated the effects of turbulence on carbon dioxide（CO2）and methane（CH4） emissions in shallow lakes using simulated mesocosm *** demonstrated that turbulence increased CO2 emissions, while simultaneously decreasing CH4 emissions by altering microbial processes. Under turbulent conditions, a greater fraction of organic carbon was recycled as CO2 instead of CH4, potentially reducing the net global warming effect because of the lower global warming potential of CO2 relative to CH4. The CH4/CO2 flux ratio was approximately 0.006 under turbulent conditions, but reached 0.078 in the control. The real-time quantitative PCR analysis indicated that methanogen abundance decreased and methanotroph abundance increased under turbulent conditions, inhibiting CH4 production and favoring the oxidation of CH4 to *** findings suggest that turbulence may play an important role in the global carbon cycle by limiting CH4 emissions, thereby reducing the net global warming effect of shallow lakes.

关键词： Turbulence Carbon dioxide Methane Methanogen Methanotroph

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