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Emission of organic carbon, elemental carbon and water-soluble ions from crop straw burning under flaming and smoldering conditions

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Particuology 2017年第2期15卷 181-190页

作者： Lei Hong Gang liu limin zhou Jiuhai li Hui Xu Dan Wu fiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology ( CICAEET) School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University o fin formation Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China

Emissions from major agricultural residues were measured using a self-designed combustion system. Emission factors （EFs） of organic carbon （OC）, elemental carbon （EC）, and water-soluble ions （WSIs）（K＋, NH4＋, Na＋, Mg2＋, Ca2＋, Cl-, NO3-, SO42–） in smoke from wheat and rice straw were measured under flaming and smoldering conditions. The OC1/TC （total carbon） was highest （45.8% flaming, 57.7% smoldering） among carbon fractions. The mean EFs for OC （EFOC） and EC （EFEC） were 9.2 ± 3.9 and 2.2 ± 0.7 g/kg for wheat straw and 6.4 ± 1.9 and 1.1 ± 0.3 g/kg for rice straw under flaming conditions, while they were 40.8 ± 5.6 and 5.8 ± 1.0 g/kg and 37.6 ± 6.3 and 5.0 ± 1.4 g/kg under smoldering conditions, respectively. Higher EC ratios were observed in particulate matter （PM） mass under flaming conditions. The OC and EC for the two combustion patterns were significantly correlated （p 〈 0.01, R = 0.95 for wheat straw; p 〈 0.01, R = 0.97 for rice straw）, and a higher positive correlation between OC3 and EC was observed under both combustion conditions. WSIs emitted from flaming smoke were dominated by Cl- and K＋, which contributed 3.4% and 2.4% of the PM mass for rice straw and 2.2% and 1.0% for wheat straw, respectively. The EFs of Cl- and K＋ were 0.73 ± 0.16 and 0.51 ± 0.14 g/kg for wheat straw and 0.25 ± 0.15 and 0.12 ± 0.05 g/kg for rice straw under flaming conditions, while they were 0.42 ± 0.28 and 0.12 ± 0.06 g/kg and 0.30 ± 0.27 and 0.05 ± 0.03 g/kg under smoldering conditions, respectively. Na＋, Mg2＋, and NH4＋ were vital components in PM, comprising from 0.8% （smoldering） to 3.1% （flaming） of the mass. Strong correlations of Cl- with K＋, NH4＋, and Na＋ ions were observed in rice straw and the calculated diagnostic ratios of OC/EC, K＋/Na＋ and Cl-/Na＋ could be useful to distinguishing crop straw burning from other sources of atmospheric pollution.

关键词： Biomass combustion Organic carbon Elemental carbon Water-soluble ion

Recent Advances in Superhydrophobic and Antibacterial Cellulose‑Based Fibers and Fabrics:Bio‑inspiration,Strategies,and Applications

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Advanced Fiber Materials 2023年第5期5卷 1555-1591页

作者： Hua zhou Qingshuo li Zhong Zhang Xungai Wang Haitao Niu College of Textiles and Clothing Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‑Textiles of Shandong Province and the Ministry of Education Collaborative Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China JC STEM Lab of Sustainable Fibers and Textiles School of Fashion and TextilesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina

Cellulose-based fabrics are ubiquitous in our daily *** are the preferred choice for bedding materials,active sportswear,and next-to-skin ***,the hydrophilic and polysaccharide characteristics of cellulose materials make them vulnerable to bacterial attack and pathogen *** design of antibacterial cellulose fabrics has been a long-term and on-going *** strategies based on the construction of surface micro-/nanostructure,chemical modification,and the application of antibacterial agents have been extensively investigated by many research groups *** review systematically discusses recent research on super-hydrophobic and antibacterial cellulose fabrics,focusing on morphology construction and surface ***,natural surfaces showing liquid-repellent and antibacterial properties are introduced and the mechanisms behind are ***,the strategies for fabricating super-hydrophobic cellulose fabrics are summarized,and the contribution of the liquid-repellent function to reducing the adhesion of live bacteria and removing dead bacteria is *** studies on cellulose fabrics functionalized with super-hydrophobic and antibacterial properties are discussed in detail,and their potential applications are also ***,the challenges in achieving super-hydrophobic antibacterial cellulose fabrics are discussed,and the future research direction in this area is proposed.

关键词： Cellulose fiber Super-hydrophobic Antibacterial Fabrication strategies Applications

Reciprocal regulation between lunapark and atlastin facilitates ER three-way junction formation

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Protein & Cell 2019年第7期10卷 510-525页

作者： Xin zhou Xiaofang Huang Yuting Guo Dong li Junjie Hu Department of Genetics and Cell Biology College of Life Sciences Nankai University and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Tianjin 300071 China National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China

Three-way junctions are characteristic structures of the tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network. Junctions are formed through atlastin (ATL)-mediated membrane fusion and stabilized by lunapark (Lnp). However, how Lnp is preferentially enriched at three-way junctions remains elusiveHere, we showed that Lnp loses its junction localization when ATLs are deleted. Reintroduction of ATL1 R77A and ATL3, which have been shown to cluster at the junctions, but not wild-type ATL1, relocates Lnp to the junctions. Mutations in the Nmyristoylation site or hydrophobic residues in the coiled coil (CC1) of Lnp N-terminus (NT) cause mis-targeting of LnpConversely, deletion of the lunapark motif in the C-terminal zinc fin ger domain, which affects the homooligomerization of Lnp, does not alter its localizationPurified Lnp-NT attaches to the membrane in a myristoylation- dependent manner. The mutation of hydrophobic residues in CC1 does not affect membrane association, but compromises ATL interactionsIn addition, Lnp-NT inhibits ATL-mediated vesicle fusion in vitro. These results suggest that CC1 in Lnp-NT contacts junction-enriched ATLs for proper localization;subsequently, further ATL activity is limited by Lnp after the junction is formed. The proposed mechanism ensures coordinated actions of ATL and Lnp in generating and maintaining three-way junctions.

关键词： endoplasmic reticulum three-way junction membrane fusion lunapark atlastin amphipathic helix myristoylation

Transition‐metal‐atom‐pairs deposited on g‐CN monolayer for nitrogen reduction reaction:Density functional theory calculations

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2021年第7期42卷 1160-1167页

作者： Bin Huang Yifan Wu Bibo Chen Yong qian Naigen zhou Neng li State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment East China University of TechnologyNanchang 330031JiangxiChina State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031JiangxiChina Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University of Technology Shenzhen 518000GuangdongChina State Center for International Cooperation on Designer Low‐Carbon&Environmental Materials(CDLCEM) School of Materials Science and EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001HenanChina

The development of highly active DFT catalysts for an electrocatalytic N_(2)reduction reaction(NRR)under mild conditions is a difficult *** this study,a series of atom‐pair catalysts(APCs)for an NRR were fabricated using transition‐metal(TM)atoms(TM=Sc−Zn)doped into g‐CN *** electrochemical mechanism of APCs for an NRR has been reported by well‐defined density functional theory *** calculated limiting potentials were−0.47 and−0.78 V for the Fe_(2)@CN and Co_(2)@CN catalysts,*** to its high suppression of hydrogen evolution reactions,Co_(2)@CN is a superior electrocatalytic material for a N_(2)*** Fe_(2)@CN may be a strongly attractive material for an NRR with a relatively low overpotential after an improvement in the *** two‐way charge transfer affirmed the donation‐acceptance procedure between N_(2)and Fe_(2)@CN or Co_(2)@CN,which play a crucial role in the activation of inert N≡N *** study provides an in‐depth investigation into atom‐pair catalysts and will open up new avenues for highly efficient g‐CN‐based nanostructures for an NRR.

关键词： Atom‐pair catalysts Graphitic carbon nitride monolayers Nitrogen reduction reaction Two‐dimensional materials Density functional theory calculations

Forecasting Different Types of Convective Weather: A Deep Learning Approach

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2019年第5期33卷 797-809页

作者： Kanghui zhou Yongguang ZHENG Bo li Wansheng DONG Xiaoling ZHANG Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ChampaignIL 61820USA

A deep learning objective forecasting solution for severe convective weather(SCW) including short-duration heavy rain(HR), hail, convective gusts(CG), and thunderstorms based on numerical weather prediction(NWP) data was developed. We first established the training datasets as follows. Five years of severe weather observations were utilized to label the NCEP final(FNL) analysis data. A large number of labeled samples for each type of weather were then selected for model training. The local temperature, pressure, humidity, and winds from 1000 to 200 h Pa, as well as dozens of convective physical parameters, were taken as predictors in our model. A six-layer convolutional neural network(CNN) model was then built and trained to obtain optimal model weights. After that, the trained model was used to predict SCW based on the Global Forecast System(GFS) forecast data as input. The performances of the CNN model and other traditional methods were compared. The results show that the deep learning algorithm had a higher classification accuracy on HR and hail than support vector machine, random forests, and other traditional machine learning algorithms. The objective forecasts by use of the deep learning algorithm also showed better forecasting skills than the subjective forecasts by the forecasters. The threat scores(TSs) of thunderstorm, HR, hail, and CG were increased by 16.1%, 33.2%, 178%, and 55.7%, respectively. The deep learning forecast model is currently used in the National Meteorological Center of China to provide guidance for the operational SCW forecasting over China.

关键词： deep learning convolutional neural network convective weather forecasting

Cyclic Ether Contaminant Removal from Water Using Nonporous Adaptive Pillararene Crystals via Host-Guest Complexation at the Solid-Solution Interface

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 981-990页

作者： Yujuan zhou Kecheng Jie Run Zhao Errui li Feihe Huang State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Center for Chemistry of High-Performance&Novel MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Te removal of soluble cyclic ether contaminants,such as dioxane and THF,produced in industrial chemical processes from water is of great importance for environmental protection and human *** we report that nonporous adaptive crystals of perethylated pillar[5]arene(EtP5)and pillar[6]arene(EtP6)work as adsorbents for cyclic ether contaminant removal via hostguest complexation at the solid-solution *** EtP6 crystals have the ability to adsorb dioxane from water with the formation of 1:2 host-guest complex crystals,while EtP5 crystals ***,both guest-free EtP5 and EtP6 crystals remove THF from water with EtP5 having a better *** is because EtP5 forms a 1:2 host-guest complex with THF via host-guest complexation at the solid-solution interface while EtP6 forms a 1:1 host-guest complex with ***6 also shows the ability to selectively remove dioxane from water even in the presence of ***,the reversible transitions between nonporous guestfree EtP5 and EtP6 structures and guest-loaded structures make them highly recyclable.

关键词： porous remove adsorbent

Vascular dementia has the highest hospitalisation rate in China:a nationwide hospital information system study

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第1期8卷 59-68页

作者： Yue Wang Shiping li Qi zhou Yongjun Wang Jiong Shi Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing Tiantan HospitalBeijingChina Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina

Background Although vascular dementia(VaD)is not uncommon in the hospital,most studies on VaD are community *** study on VaD is the first to use a national hospital information system(HIS)in *** This study was a hospital population-based cohort study,and data were acquired from the Hospital Quality Monitoring System,a Chinese national database that covers 1531 tertiary hospitals in *** medical records in the HIS included demographic information,diagnoses,procedures,expenses,*** was diagnosed by hospital attending physicians and identified by the International Classification of Diseases(ICD)10 code(F01.0-F01.9).Results 1259(82.23%)tertiary hospitals were included in this study,and 274230 hospitalisation records of 123700 VaD patients from 2016 to 2018 were identified for ***(51.27%)was the most common type of dementia in hospitalised *** age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hospital incidence of VaD was estimated to be 2.97 per 100000 person-years(95%CI 2.92 to 3.02).The mean age of VaD patients admitted to hospitals was 74.13±10.88,with more male(61.0%)*** main comorbidities were hypertension(67.2%),heart disease(63.6%)and cerebral infarction(55.5%).The mortality rate of VaD in hospital was 28.91‰(95%CI 28.0 to 29.9)between 2016 and *** top 1 cause of death due to VaD was pneumonia and other respiratory *** VaD is the most common form of dementia in hospitalised *** casts huge burdens on affected patients and their *** risk factors are prevalent in VaD *** these factors is essential to improve patient *** leading causes of death by VaD are pneumonia and other respiratory *** care and the management of respiratory illness are critical for VaD care in the hospital.

关键词： Vascular admitted nationwide

Three-dimensional simulation of the coupled electromagnetic-mechanical responses in a no-insulation racetrack coil

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 3485-3498页

作者： li DongKe CHANG ZhiXiang TANG YunKai liU DongHui YONG HuaDong zhou YouHe Key Laboratory of Mechanics on Disaster and Environment in Western China Ministry of Education of ChinaLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Department of Mechanics and Engineering Sciences College of Civil Engineering and MechanicsLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

This study investigates the coupled behavior of the mechanical and electromagnetic responses of a high-temperature superconducting(HTS)no-insulation(NI)racetrack coil.A three-dimensional(3D)equivalent circuit network model and mechanical model with nonlinear contact are incorporated into the coupled *** stress and separation of adjacent turns under a high magnetic field are analyzed by considering the electromagnetic force and cooling *** numerical results demonstrate that the straight and curved parts of the racetrack coil exhibit distinct mechanical *** a strong external magnetic field,the separation between adjacent turns reduces the charging delay of the *** maximum stress occurs in the transition regions between the curved and straight *** straight part exhibits a larger rotation angle,while the separation regions between adjacent turns are relatively fewer in those *** curved part shows a higher proportion of separation regions in the steady *** different separation areas in the straight and curved parts also result in distinct turn-to-turn losses during the charging ***,a comparative study is conducted on the influence of residual currents induced by ***,the effects of overband and inner diameter on the separation behavior are investigated.

关键词： high-temperature superconducting coil coupled electromagnetic-mechanical responses separation

Experimental investigation and numerical analysis on high-efficiency shock vectoring control serpentine nozzles

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CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS 2024年第12期37卷 296-324页

作者： Hui, Zhonghao Shi, Jingwei lin, Wentao zhou, li Wang, Zhanxue liu, Yongquan Northwestern Polytech Univ Sch Power & Energy Xian 710072 Peoples R China Natl Key Lab Sci & Technol Adv light Duty Gas Turb Xian 710129 Peoples R China Collaborat Innovat Ctr Adv Aeroengine Beijing 100191 Peoples R China

The high-efficiency Shock Vectoring Control Serpentine Nozzle (SVCSN) takes into account both thrust vectoring and infrared stealth, and significantly improves the comprehensive performance of the aero-engines through an additional auxiliary duct. In this paper, the schlieren photographs at the exit of the high-efficiency SVCSN and the wall static pressure distributions were obtained by experiments, and the numerical results were used to enrich the thrust vectoring characteristics. The effects of the auxiliary injection were analyzed first to reveal the advantages of the high-efficiency SVCSN compared to the conventional SVCSN. Then, the aerodynamic parameters and the structural parameters of the high-efficiency SVCSN were investigated, including the Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR), the Secondary flow Pressure Ratio (SPR), the secondary flow relative area and the secondary flow injection angle. Finally, the coupling performance of the high-efficiency SVCSN is studied by using the approximate modeling technology. Results show that the auxiliary injection increases the range between the two shock legs of the "k" shock wave induced by the secondary flow, then causes the separation zone and high-pressure boss of the down wall to expand upstream, and finally results in a prominent increase in the thrust vectoring performance. The thrust vectoring angle and Vectoring Efficiency (VE) of the high-efficiency SVCSN are about 61.6% and 75.7%, respectively, higher than those of the conventional SVCSN at NPR = 6. The effects of the NPR and the SPR on the thrust vectoring performance of the high-efficiency SVCSN are coupled with each other. A larger NPR matched with a smaller SPR shows better thrust vectoring performance. The maximum fluctuations in thrust vectoring angle and VE caused by the NPR and SPRare about 22% and 64%. The VE decreases monotonously with the increase of the secondary flow relative area. Smaller secondary flow injection angle shows better thrust vector performan

关键词： Shock vectoring control Serpentine nozzle Auxiliary injection Thrust vectoring performance Flow control