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Effect of increasing Arctic river runoff on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation:a model study

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 59-65页

作者： SHU Qi qiao fangli SONG Zhenya XIAO Bin The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

An increasing amount of freshwater has been observed to enter the Arctic Ocean from the six largest Eurasian rivers over the past several decades. The increasing trend is projected to continue in the twenty-first century according to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 （CMIP5） coupled models. The present study found that water flux from rivers to the Arctic Ocean at the end of the century will be 1.4 times that in 1950 according to CMIP5 projection results under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5. The effect of increasing Arctic river runoff on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation （AMOC） was investigated using an ocean-ice coupled model. Results obtained from two numerical experiments show that 100, 150 and 200 years after the start of an increase in the Arctic river runoff at a rate of 0.22%/a, the AMOC will weaken by 0.6 （3%）, 1.2 （7%） and 1.8 （11%） Sv. AMOC weakening is mainly caused by freshwater transported from increasing Arctic river runoff inhibiting the formation of North Atlantic Deep Water （NADW）. As the AMOC weakens, the deep seawater age will become older throughout the Atlantic Basin owing to the increasing of Arctic runoff.

关键词： climate change Arctic river runoff Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

The numerical investigation of seasonal variation of the cold water mass in the Beibu Gulf and its mechanisms

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第1期34卷 44-54页

作者： CHEN Zhenhua qiao fangli XIA Changshui WANG Gang College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM) State Oceanic Administration

A wave-tide-circulation coupled model based on the Princeton Ocean Model is established to explore the seasonal variation of the cold water mass in the Beibu Gulf and its mechanisms. The results show that the cold water mass starts forming in March, reaches the maximum strength during June and July, and fades away since October. Strong mixing in winter transports the cold water from sea surface to bottom. The cold water mass remains in the bottom layer as the thermocline strengthens during spring, except for the shallow water where the themocline is broken by strong tidal mixing, which gradually separate the cold water mass from its surrounding warm water. Further analysis on the ocean current and stream function confirms that the cold water mass in the Beibu Gulf is locally developed, with an anticlockwise circulation caused by a strong temperature gradient. Sensitivity experiments reveal that the cold water mass is controlled by the sea surface heat flux, while the terrain and tidal mixing also play important roles.

关键词： Beibu Gulf cold water mass seasonal variation wave-tide-circulation coupled model

Temperature inversion in the Huanghai Sea bottom cold water in summer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第3期32卷 42-47页

作者： YUAN Dongliang LI Yao qiao fangli ZHAO Wei Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

Using conductivity-Temperature-depth data of a recent cruise during July 22-28, 2008 and historical data, it is found that temperature inversions occur from time to time in the Huanghai Sea（Yellow Sea） cold water mass （HSCWM） in summer. The temperature inversions are produced by the movement of the fresh and cold HSCWM masses above the warm and saline Huanghai Sea Warm Current water at the central bottom of the Huanghai Sea Trough. The non-homogeneous profiles of the temperature and the salinity suggest that vertical mixing in the HSCWM, which is of great importance to the circulation in the Huanghai Sea in summer, is weak. Trajectories of satellite-tracked surface drifters suggest that waters in the northern reach of the Huanghai Sea move southward along the 40-50 m isobaths and descend into the southern Huanghai Sea to form the western core of the HSCWM.

关键词： temperature inversion Huanghai Sea bottom cold water Huanghai Sea cold water mass sum-mer

Seasonal prediction skills of FIO-ESM for North Pacific sea surface temperature and precipitation

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第1期38卷 5-12页

作者： Yiding Zhao Xunqiang Yin Yajuan Song fangli qiao College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural Resources Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao) Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural Resources

The seasonal prediction of sea surface temperature(SST) and precipitation in the North Pacific based on the hindcast results of The First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model(FIO-ESM) is assessed in this *** Ensemble Adjusted Kalman Filter assimilation scheme is used to generate initial conditions, which are shown to be reliable by comparison with the observations. Based on this comparison, we analyze the FIO-ESM 6-month hindcast results starting from each month of 1993–2013. The model exhibits high SST prediction skills over most of the North Pacific for two seasons in advance. Furthermore, it remains skillful at long lead times for midlatitudes. The reliable prediction of SST can transfer fairly well to precipitation prediction via air-sea *** average skill of the North Pacific variability(NPV) index from 1 to 6 months lead is as high as 0.72(0.55) when El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation and NPV are in phase(out of phase) at initial conditions. The prediction skill of the NPV index of FIO-ESM is improved by 11.6%(23.6%) over the Climate Forecast System, Version 2. For seasonal dependence, the skill of FIO-ESM is higher than the skill of persistence prediction in the later period of prediction.

关键词： seasonal prediction North Pacific sea surface temperature precipitation FIO-ESM climate model

A comparison of two global ocean-ice coupled models with different horizontal resolutions

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第8期32卷 1-11页

作者： SHU Qi qiao fangli SONG Zhenya YIN Xunqiang College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration

A global eddy-permitting ocean-ice coupled model with a horizontal resolution of 0.25° by 0.25° is estab- lished on the basis of Modular Ocean Model version 4 （MOM4） and Sea Ice Simulator （SIS）. Simulation results are compared with those of an intermediate resolution ocean-ice coupled model with a horizontal resolution of about 1° by 1°. The results show that the simulated ocean temperature, ocean current and sea ice concentration from the eddy-permitting model are better than those from the intermediate resolu- tion model. However, both the two models have the common problem of ocean general circulation models （OGCMs） that the majority of the simulated summer sea surface temperature （SST） is too warm while the majority of the simulated subsurface summer temperature is too cold. Further numerical experiments show that this problem can be alleviated by incorporating the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing into the vertical mixing scheme for both eddy-permitting and intermediate resolution models.

关键词： eddy-permitting model intermediate resolution model non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing

Seasonal variation of the global mixed layer depth： comparison between Argo data and FIO-ESM

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2018年第1期12卷 24-36页

作者： Yutong ZHANG Haiming XU fangli qiao Changming DONG College of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China College of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology-Nanjing 210044 China First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The present study evaluates a simulation of the global ocean mixed layer depth （MLD） using the First Institute of Oceanography-Earth System Model （FIO- ESM）. The seasonal variation of the global MLD from the FIO-ESM simulation is compared to Argo observational data. The Argo data show that the global ocean MLD has a strong seasonal variation with a deep MLD in winter and a shallow MLD in summer, while the spring and fall seasons act as transitional periods. Overall, the FIO-ESM simula- tion accurately captures the seasonal variation in MLD in most areas. It exhibits a better performance during summer and fall than during winter and spring. The simulated MLD in the Southern Hemisphere is much closer to observations than that in the Northern Hemisphere. In general, the simulated MLD over the South Atlantic Ocean matches the observation best among the six areas. Additionally, the model slightly underestimates the MLD in parts of the North Atlantic Ocean, and slightly overestimates the MLD over the other ocean basins.

关键词： mixed layer depth FIO-ESM model seasonalvariation

The role of surface waves in the ocean mixed layer

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 30-37页

作者： qiao fangli YANG Yongzeng XIA Changshui YUAN Yeli First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China

Previously, most ocean circulation models have overlooked the role of the surface waves. As a result, these models have produced insufficient vertical mixing, with an under - prediction of the ,nixing layer （ML） depth and an over - prediction of the sea surface temperature （SST）, particularly during the summer season. As the ocean surface layer determines the lower boundary conditions of the atmosphere, this deficiency has severely limited the performance of the coupled ocean - atmospheric models and hence the climate studies. To overcome this shortcoming, a new parameterization for the wave effects in the ML model that will correct this systematic error of insufficient mixing. The new scheme has enabled the mixing layer to deepen, the surface excessive heating to be corrected, and an excellent agreement with observed global climatologic data. The study indicates that the surface waves are essential for ML formation, and that they are the primer drivers of the upper ocean dynamics; therefore, they are critical for climate studies.

关键词： wave - induced mixing ocean circulation model mixing layer

Link between the Barents Oscillation and Recent Boreal Winter Cooling over the Asian Midlatitudes

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第1期35卷 127-132页

作者： Qi SHU fangli qiao Zhenya SONG Yajuan SONG First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling State Oceanic Administration

The link between boreal winter cooling over the midlatitudes of Asia and the Barents Oscillation(BO) since the late 1980s is discussed in this study, based on five datasets. Results indicate that there is a large-scale boreal winter cooling during 1990–2015 over the Asian midlatitudes, and that it is a part of the decadal oscillations of long-term surface air temperature(SAT)anomalies. The SAT anomalies over the Asian midlatitudes are significantly correlated with the BO in boreal winter. When the BO is in its positive phase, anomalously high sea level pressure over the Barents region, with a clockwise wind anomaly,causes cold air from the high latitudes to move over the midlatitudes of Asia, resulting in anomalous cold conditions in that region. Therefore, the recent increasing trend of the BO has contributed to recent winter cooling over the Asian midlatitudes.

关键词： climate change Barents Oscillation winter cooling

Seasonal variations in wave-induced stress over global ocean based on China France Oceanography Satellite

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第12期66卷 2930-2940页

作者： Jing REN Sheng CHEN Xunqiang YIN Jianqiang LIU Ying XU fangli qiao College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 26661China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Shandong ProvinceQingdao 266061China National Satellite Ocean Application Service Beijing 100081China

Due to the scarcity of simultaneous observations on global-scale wind and wave spectra,there has been limited research on the characteristics of global wave-induced stress and wind stress with wave effects using observed wave spectra,particularly their seasonal *** China France Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT)for the first time can simultaneously observe global sea surface wind and wave spectra,providing a solid data basis for investigating this difficult *** this study,the seasonal characteristics of global sea surface wave-induced stress and wind stress were analyzed by combining one-year simultaneous wind and wave observations from CFOSAT with a wave boundary layer *** stress was divided into wind-wave-induced stress and swell-induced stress based on different wave *** results showed that the wave-induced stress presented a significant inverse correlation with swell index.A higher swell index corresponded to a larger proportion of swell-induced stress,resulting in a decrease in wind stress,and vice versa,wind-wave-induced stress was dominant,resulting in an increase in wind *** spring to winter in the Northern Hemisphere(NH),wind-wave-induced stress predominated in the westerly belt of the Southern Hemisphere(SH),while swell-induced stress predominated near the *** analysis revealed that the seasonal variation in wind-waveinduced stress in the SH was not significant,however,wind-wave-induced stress during the boreal summer was significantly lower than that in other *** absolute value of swell-induced stress in the SH showed a trend of decrease and then increase from spring to *** percentage of increase or decrease in wind stress after considering the waveinduced stress showed a roughly symmetrical pattern between the NH and SH during the spring and autumn seasons,while the summer and winter seasons showed an asymmetrical ***-induced stress significantly modulated wind stress,resulting i

关键词： China France Oceanography Satellite(CFOSAT) Wave-induced stress Wind stress Seasonal characteristics