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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2020年第12期39卷 106-113页

作者： Chuanjiang Huang fangli qiao Hongyu Ma First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Oceanic turbulence measurements made by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter(ADV)suffer from noise that potentially affects the estimates of turbulence *** study examines the abilities of Kalman filtering and autoregressive moving average models to eliminate noise in ADV velocity datasets of laboratory experiments and offshore *** show that the two methods have similar performance in ADV de-noising,and both effectively reduce noise in ADV velocities,even in cases of high *** eliminate the noise floor at high frequencies of the velocity spectra,leading to a longer range that effectively fits the Kolmogorov-5/3 slope at midrange *** de-noising adopting the two methods,the values of the mean velocity are almost unchanged,while the root-mean-square horizontal velocities and thus turbulent kinetic energy decrease appreciably in these *** Reynolds stress is also affected by high noise levels,and de-noising thus reduces uncertainties in estimating the Reynolds stress.

关键词： noise Kalman filtering autoregressive moving average model turbulence acoustic Doppler velocimeter

Can Langmuir Circulations Solve the Problem of Insufficient Upper-Ocean Mixing?

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2020年第4期19卷 761-771页

作者： HUANG Chuanjiang qiao fangli DAI Dejun First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Insufficient vertical mixing in the upper ocean during summer is a common problem of oceanic circulation and climate *** turbulence associated with non-breaking waves is widely believed to effectively solve this *** many studies,non-breaking surface wave processes are attributed to the effects of Langmuir circulations(LCs).In the present work,the influences of LCs on the upper-ocean thermal structure are examined by using one-and three-dimensional ocean circulation,as well as climate,*** results indicated that the effect of vertical mixing enhanced by LCs is limited to the upper *** models evaluated,including those considering LC effects alone and the combined effects of LCs and wave breaking,failed to produce a reasonable summertime thermocline,resulting in a large cold bias in the subsurface ***,while they can slightly reduce the biases of mixed layer depths and sea surface temperatures in models,LCs are insufficient to solve the problem of insufficient vertical ***,restriction of non-breaking surface wave-induced processes in LCs may be questionable.

关键词： Langmuir circulations vertical mixing thermocline subsurface temperature non-breaking wave processes

The effect of the wave-induced mixing on the upper ocean temperature in a climate model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2008年第3期27卷 104-111页

作者： HUANG Chuanjiang qiao fangli SONG Zhenya Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling of State Oceanic Administration First Institute of Oceanography State Ocean Administration Qingdao 266061 China

The significant underestimation of sea surface temperature （SST） and the temperature in the upper ocean is one of common problems in present climate models. The influence of the wave-induced mixing on SST and the temperature in the upper ocean was examined based on a global climate model. The results from the model coupled with wave-induced mixing showed a significant improvement in the simulation of SST and the temperature in the upper ocean compared with those of the original model without wave effects. Although there has still a cold bias, the new simulation is much closer to the climatology, especially in the northern ocean and tropical ocean. This study indicates that some important physical processes in the accurate simulation of the ocean may be ignored in present climate models, and the wave-induced mixing is one of those factors. Thus, the wave-induced mixing （ or the effect of surface waves） should be incorporated properly into climate models in order to simulate or forecast the ocean, then climate system, more accurately.

关键词： surface wave vertical mixing SST upper ocean temperature climate model

The correctness to the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature in the equatorial eastern Pacific

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第3期54卷 438-444页

作者： SONG ZhenYa qiao fangli WANG ChunZai The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao 266061 China NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory Miami USA

One of the challenges faced by the climate model of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is the spuriously simulated semi-annual cycle of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the equatorial eastern Pacific. This model bias has limited the performance of the climate simulation and prediction. Based on the surface wave-circulation coupled theory, an atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled model was developed, which incorporates the MASNUM (key laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling) wave number spectral model into CCSM3. The new coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean model successfully removes the spurious semi-annual cycle simulated by the original CCSM3 and reasonably produces an SST annual cycle with warm and cold phases in April and August, respectively. The correlation between the simulated and observed SST in the equatorial eastern Pacific is improved from 0.66 to 0.93. The ocean surface layer heat budget analysis indicates that the wave-induced vertical mixing is responsible for improving the simulation of the SST seasonal cycle in the equatorial eastern Pacific.

关键词： SST seasonal cycle the eastern Pacific the wave-induced mixing CGCMs

The performance of a z-level ocean model in modeling the global tide

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2016年第11期35卷 35-43页

作者： XIAO Bin qiao fangli SHU Qi College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology

The performance of a z-level ocean model, the Modular Ocean Model Version 4（MOM4）, is evaluated in terms of simulating the global tide with different horizontal resolutions commonly used by climate models. The performance using various sets of model topography is evaluated. The results show that the optimum filter radius can improve the simulated co-tidal phase and that better topography quality can lead to smaller rootmean square（RMS） error in simulated tides. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to test the impact of spatial resolutions. It is shown that the model results are sensitive to horizontal resolutions. The calculated absolute mean errors of the co-tidal phase show that simulations with horizontal resolutions of 0.5° and 0.25° have about 35.5% higher performance compared that with 1° model resolution. An internal tide drag parameterization is adopted to reduce large system errors in the tidal amplitude. The RMS error of the best tuned 0.25° model compared with the satellite-altimetry-constrained model TPXO7.2 is 8.5 cm for M_2. The tidal energy fluxes of M_2 and K_1 are calculated and their patterns are in good agreement with those from the TPXO7.2. The correlation coefficients of the tidal energy fluxes can be used as an important index to evaluate a model skill.

关键词： global tide Modular Ocean Model global tidal energy flux

Sensitivity of the half-life time of water exchange in coastal waters

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Science China Earth Sciences 2019年第4期62卷 643-656页

作者： Zhenhua CHEN fangli qiao Gang WANG Changshui XIA The First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling (MASNUM) State Oceanic Administration

A three-dimensional model was established to investigate water exchange in coastal waters, and applied to Qinzhou Bay(QZB) in the South China Sea. Given the strong tidal current in QZB, a half-life time was calculated for water exchange by filtering the tidal signal from the concentrations of a conservative substance. In a control run driven by the tide, without external inputs and an open boundary concentration of zero, it was estimated that the average half-life time in QZB was 54.8 d. Numerical experiments showed that wind accounted for an 11.9% reduction in the half-life time to 48.3 d. When rivers were included in the model, the half-life time decreased by 74.6% to 13.9 d. Sensitivity experiments showed that the half-life time for water exchange was greatly affected by the concentration of the conservative substance which was used at the open boundary. In response to 10,20, 30, and 40% increases in the boundary concentration, the half-life time increased to 91.5, 168.3, 186.2, and 229.1 d,respectively. Results also suggested that for coastal bays with large intertidal areas such as QZB, consideration of the wet and dry processes produced more accurate simulations of the hydrodynamics and the half-life times. Simulations, which did not incorporate wet and dry processes, were more than likely to have overestimated or underestimated the half-life times for water exchange.

关键词： Sensitivity Convection-diffusion model Water exchange Half-life time Qinzhou Bay South China Sea

Effects of the surface wave-induced mixing on circulation in an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第5期32卷 7-14页

作者： HUANG Chuanjiang qiao fangli WEI Zexun Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic Administration

The influence of the nonbreaking surface wave-induced mixing under the mixed layer on the oceanic cir- culation was investigated using an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model. The effect of the wave- induced mixing within the mixed layer was eliminated via a bulk mixed layer model. The results show that the wave-induced mixing can penetrate through the mixed layer and into the oceanic interior. The wave- induced mixing under the mixed layer has an important effect on the distribution of temperature of the upper ocean at middle and high latitudes in summer, especially the structure of the seasonal thermocline. Moreover, the wave-induced mixing can affect the oceanic circulation, such as western boundary currents and the North Equatorial Currents through changes of sea surface height associated with the variation of the thermal structure of the upper ocean.

关键词： wave-induced mixing oceanic interior seasonal thermocline oceanic circulation geostrophicadjustment

Influence of the Indonesian Throughflow on the upwelling off the east coast of South Java

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第33期59卷 4516-4523页

作者： Rita Tisiana Dwi Kuswardani fangli qiao College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography Ocean University of China Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Development Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Research First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration

A wave–tide–circulation coupled model is used to simulate upwelling off the south coast of Java, Indonesia. The results show that the vertical velocity off East Java is stronger than other parts in this area. The strongest vertical velocity is located approximately at 80 m *** annual averaged values of upwelling are 2.3 9 10-6and 1.06 9 10-5m/s for south of West Java and south of East Java, respectively. The vertical velocity from the model shows that upwelling off West Java has seasonal variability, while it is quite steady and strong off East *** numerical experiments show that the wind is not the dominant factor for the steady upwelling off the southern part of East Java. It is then hypothesized that the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) may be responsible for the upwelling. To test this hypothesis, two scenarios are implemented, both of which block the outflow of the *** study shows that the ITF plays a key role in the formation of East Java upwelling. The effect of the ITF can account for about 55 %–65 % of the upwelling.

关键词：东海岸爪哇穿流印尼挖掘垂直速度耦合模型季节性变化

Contribution of surface wave-induced vertical mixing to heat content in global upper ocean

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2020年第2期38卷 307-313页

作者： CHEN Siyu qiao fangli HUANG Chuanjiang SONG Zhenya Ocean University of China Qingdao 266100China First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China

Compared with observations,the simulated upper ocean heat content(OHC)determined from climate models shows an underestimation *** simulation bias of the average annual water temperature in the upper 300 m is 0.2℃lower than the observational *** results from our two numerical experiments,using a CMIP5 model,show that the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing can reduce this *** enhanced vertical mixing increases the OHC in the global upper ocean(65°S–65°N).Using non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing reduced the disparity by 30%to 0.14℃.The heat content increase is not directly induced by air-sea heat fluxes during the simulation period,but is the legacy of temperature increases in the first 150 *** this period,additional vertical mixing was initially included in the climate *** non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing improves the OHC by increasing the air-sea heat fluxes in the first 150 *** increase in air-sea heat fluxes warms the upper ocean by 0.05–0.06℃.The results show that the incorporation of vertical mixing induced by nonbreaking surface waves in our experiments can improve the simulation of OHC in the global upper ocean.

关键词： surface wave-induced vertical mixing upper ocean heat content air-sea heat fluxes climate model

Observation and analysis of the influence of wind waves on air-sea momentum fluxes

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第7期66卷 1547-1555页

作者： Sheng CHEN Yuhuan XUE Baoshan YANG Yongqing YU fangli qiao First Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Key Laboratory of Marine Sciences and Numerical Modeling Shandong ProvinceQingdao 266061China Shengli Oilfield Branch SinopecDongying 257000China

Due to the long-standing lack of understanding the role of wind waves on wind stress at moderate to high wind speeds,a high-frequency turbulence observation system is used in this study to obtain air-sea momentum flux data under pure wind wave conditions based on the tower-based marine meteorological observation platform in the southern Bohai ***,the modulation of wind waves on wind stress under wind speeds greater than 10 m s^(–1)is *** results indicated that the wind wave states caused by winds from the northwest and northeast are different under the influence of cold air,resulting in different wind stresses and drag *** wind stress increases with an increasing wind speed,reaching its maximum value when the northwest wind is nearly 20 m s^(–1),while the extreme value of the drag coefficient is basically the same when the northwest wind speed is the maximum and the northeast wind wave significant wave height is the *** drag coefficient increases with an increasing wind speed within the range of 10–15 m s^(–1),reaching saturation at 15 m s^(–1).The critical wind speed is smaller than other observed *** analysis showed that wind-induced turbulent stress deviates from the observed values,and the degree of deviation depends on the wind speed and wave state,with a greater deviation caused by strong winds and *** wave-induced stress can correct the negative deviation between wind-induced turbulent stress and the observed value,and the drag coefficient calculated based on the modified wind stress tends to be close to the observed value overall.

关键词： Tower-based platform in the Bohai Sea Moderate to high wind speed Pure wind waves Wind stress Wave-induced stress