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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1137-1160页

作者： Hui-Min Xu Hong-Rui Zhu Chen-Jin Huang Zhi-Jie zhang Ting-Yu Shuai qi-ni zhan Gao-Ren Li College of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Fe-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)-and Co-nitrogen-carbon(Co-N-C)-based electrocatalysts have been widely concerned because of their high OER/ORR activity,low metal cost,and simple *** exploration of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atombased catalysts with high activity and stability to overcome the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is also the key to the development of efficient electrolytic water,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air ***-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts have the advantages of a high utilization rate of metal atoms and high electrocatalytic activity,and are ideal catalysts for promoting electrochemical energy conversion and *** general principles of designing Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts are reviewed in this ***,the strategies to improve the bifunctional catalytic activity and stability are ***,the challenges and prospects of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts are well *** review will provide a reference for the directed optimization of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts.

关键词： Fe-N-C Co-N-C single atom bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts

光电催化析氧和CO_(2)还原反应催化剂的研究进展

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2024年第7期62卷 53-107页

作者：朱鸿睿徐慧民黄陈金张志杰詹麒尼帅婷玉李高仁四川大学材料科学与工程学院四川成都610065

随着日益增加的化石能源消耗和环境污染,新能源和环境友好型技术的应用对工业发展发挥着重要作用.利用太阳能及电能进行各种催化反应的光电催化(PEC)是一种有应用前景的技术,与传统催化技术相比,具有环保节能、效率高的优势.析氧反应(O... 详细信息

随着日益增加的化石能源消耗和环境污染,新能源和环境友好型技术的应用对工业发展发挥着重要作用.利用太阳能及电能进行各种催化反应的光电催化(PEC)是一种有应用前景的技术,与传统催化技术相比,具有环保节能、效率高的优势.析氧反应(OER)和CO_(2)还原反应(CO_(2)RR)是两种具有能源及环境应用潜力的催化反应.PECOER对基于水氧化和其他相关氧化反应的可再生能源技术具有重要作用.PEC CO_(2)RR可以将CO_(2)转化为高附加值化学品,实现CO_(2)的合理利用.上述两种技术均具有较大的研究价值和应用前景.本综述首先阐述了电催化和光催化技术的优缺点.由于工业上使用电催化技术会消耗煤和石油等化石能源,有污染环境的风险,且长期的用电成本会影响最终的盈利;而使用光催化技术又面临着反应效率不理想、稳定性差和可见光吸收率低等缺点.一方面,PEC技术可以解决光催化中光生电子-空穴对复合速度快、反应时间长的缺点;另一方面,PEC技术可以降低电催化过程中在高电流密度下反应所需的过电位,在节省电能的同时提高反应效率.此外,系统地介绍了光电催化产氧和CO_(2)RR的机理和参数、催化剂类型、评价标准以及近年来的研究进展.对于反应条件,光电催化和电催化所使用的基础仪器基本相同,而光电催化是在电催化的基础之上施加外部光源,利用光能进一步提高反应效率和稳定性.光电催化和电催化的反应机理也基本一致,不同的是光电催化的评价标准与电催化有所不同.在光照作用下,除了关注特定电压下的电流密度、选择性和稳定性外,研究者们更关注应用偏压光子电流转换效率(ABPE)和入射光子对电流的效率(IPCE)的影响.同时,介绍了用于PEC OER和CO_(2)RR催化剂的类别、优势、合成方法、设计原则和改性策略.就目前研究而言,光电催化性能优异的催化剂一般都具有导电性良好、光吸收效率高和载流子分离速率快等特点.随着对光电催化技术研究地深入,通过掺杂、制造缺陷、设计异质结、负载单/双原子和改变反应微环境等方法有效地提升了催化效率和稳定性.在上述研究基础上,还扩展性地阐述光热催化、光酶催化等近几年的热点技术,这些技术均具有反应条件温和、过程简单和效率高等特点,在未来具有较大的研究价值.最后,展望了PEC技术的未来发展趋势和前景,重点关注了它在工业上的应用前景和价值.在未来,PEC技术将朝着智能化、创新和环保的方向发展.通过先进的理论技术(如理论计算、机器学习、分子动力学模拟等)和原位表征探索反应机理,实现低成本、绿色和智能化的技术以迎接未来实现大规模工业化的挑战,从而在盈利和环保两者之间实现“双赢”.希望本文能帮助读者更快及更全面地了解PEC技术的基本原理、常用催化剂、改性策略、拓展技术、应用前景和发展趋势,从而为读者提供可借鉴的研究思路.

关键词：光电催化催化剂设计催化剂制备析氧反应二氧化碳还原反应

Effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on viscosity and structure of slag for pyrometallurgical processing of spent automotive catalysts

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2024年第3期31卷 608-621页

作者： Zhe Wang qi-long Wei Cheng-bin Shi zhan-cheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The effect of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio and CaO content on the viscosity and structure of the CaO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2)-6MgO-1.5ZrO_(2)-1.5CeO_(2) slag was *** results show that with the increase in Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) mass ratio,the viscous flow units within the slag gradually change from Si-O-Si to Al-O-Al and ***,the substitution of Al_(2)O_(3) for SiO_(2) leads to the transformation of Si-O bonds towards weaker Al-O bonds,which weaken the bond strength of the aluminosilicate networks,thus leading to a decrease in the viscosity of *** increase in CaO content effectively promotes the depolymerization of the aluminosilicate networks,resulting in a significant decrease in the viscosity of the *** slag with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) of 0.7-1.5 and CaO of 30 wt.%shows promise as the reference slag system for the Fe-collection smelting of spent automotive catalysts due to its good comprehensive performance.

关键词： Aluminosilicate slag Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2)mass ratio CaO content Viscosity Slag structure

Response mechanism of soil microorganisms to simulated precipitation in the source wetland of qinghai Lake

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 61-71页

作者： Xinye Wang ni zhang Kelong Chen Tiexi Chen Desheng qi Yuanxi Ma School of Geographical Sciences Qinghai Normal University National Positioning Observation and Research Station of qinghai Lake Wetland Ecosystem in qinghai National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation(Ministry of Education) Qinghai Normal University School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology qinghai Provincial land spatial Planning Research Institute

Background Changes in precipitation patterns crucially impact soil microbial communities, and the ecosystem in qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP) is highly vulnerable to climate change. However, we do not fully understand how soil microbial communities in the source wetlands of QTP respond to changes in precipitation. In this study, we employed advanced techniques such as high-throughput sequencing and metabolomics to investigate how soil microbial communities in a source wetland of qinghai Lake respond to changes in precipitation after quadrennial precipitation *** Our findings showed that the predominant microbiota in the source wetland was Proteobacteria. Interestingly, alterations in precipitation levels, whether increased or reduced, did not significantly impact the diversity or functional groups of the microbial community. However, the structure of the microbial community did respond notably to changes in precipitation, leading to shifts in the relative abundance of Spirochaetes and Treponema. A notable finding was that reduced precipitation levels(– 25% and-50%) and mild increases in precipitation(25%) within the region contributed to increased soil carbon content. However, this effect ceased to manifest when precipitation increased by 50%. Additionally, the reduction in precipitation prompted the release of soil metabolites like syringic acid and aldosterone, while enhanced precipitation resulted in a decrease in aldosterone *** Precipitation changes altered the relative abundance of soil microbial communities and metabolites, which was conducive to increasing carbon storage in this alpine wetland.

关键词： qinghai-Tibet Plateau Climate change Precipitation gradient Carbon and nitrogen cycles LC/MS

Transforming Adolescent Smiles:Correcting Skeletal Mandibular Retrusion and Bimaxillary Protrusion with Clear Aligners

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Current Medical Science 2024年第3期44卷 657-666页

作者： Wen-jie FAN Jia-qi zhanG Jia-qi zhan Li HU Li-li CHEN Department of Stomatology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China School of Stomatology Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430030China Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center Wuhan430074China The Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University/The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang Lianyungang222000China The First Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University/The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang Lianyungang222000China

Maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction is a highly prevalent but extremely complex maxillofacial deformity that can have a serious negative impact on patients’facial aesthetics and mental *** traditional orthodontic treatment strategy often involves extracting 4 first premolars and conventional fixed techniques,combined with mini-implant screws,to retract the anterior teeth and improve facial *** recent years,an invisible orthodontic technique,without brackets,has become increasingly ***,while an invisible aligner has been used in some cases with reasonable results,there remain significant challenges in achieving a perfect *** case report presents an adolescent patient with bimaxillary protrusion and mandibular *** on the characteristics of the invisible aligners and the growth characteristics of the adolescent’s teeth and jawbone,we designed precise three-dimensional tooth movement and corresponding resistance/over-correction for each tooth,while utilizing the patient’s jawbone growth potential to promote rapid development of the mandible,accurately and efficiently correcting bimaxillary protrusion and skeletal mandibular *** patient’s facial aesthetics,especially the lateral morphology,have been greatly improved,and various aesthetic indicators have also shown significant changes,and to the patient’s great benefit,invasive mini-implant screws were not used during the *** case highlights the advantages of using invisible aligners in adolescent maxillary protrusion combined with mandibular retraction ***,comprehensive and accurate design combined with good application of growth potential can also enable invisible orthodontic technology to achieve perfect treatment effects in tooth extractions,providing clinical guidance for orthodontists.

关键词： mandibular retrusion esthetic orthodontic treatment clear aligners growth potential

Host-induced silencing of MpPar6 confers Myzus persicae resistance in transgenic rape plants

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第1期23卷 187-194页

作者： qi zhang Wenqin zhan Chao Li Ling Chang Yi Dong Jiang zhang State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering School of Life SciencesHubei UniversityWuhan 430062China Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430062China Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518000China

Plant-mediated RNA interference(RNAi)has emerged as a promising technology for insect *** green peach aphid,Myzus persicae,feeds on over 400 species of host *** napus(rape)is the second most important oilseed crop *** persicae is highly reproductive and causes severe damage to the rape plants due to its quite flexible life *** this study,we tested the RNAi effects of transgenic rape plants on *** in vitro feeding *** with artificial diets containing double-stranded RNAs(dsRNAs)targeting seven aphid genes,we identified a new gene encoding the partitioning-defective protein 6(Par6)as the most potent RNAi ***-and stage-expression analysis of Par6 suggested this gene is highly expressed in the embryo and adult stage of *** next generated transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 by Agrobacteriummediated transformation and obtained nine independent transgenic *** to wild-type control plants,transgenic rape lines expressing ds Par6 showed strong resistance to *** assays revealed that feeding transgenic rape plants to *** significantly decreased MpPar6 expression and survival rate and impaired ***,we showed that the resistance levels to *** are positively correlated with ds Par6 expression levels in transgenic rape *** study demonstrates that transgenic rape plants expressing ds Par6 are efficiently protected from *** with the genes involved in embryo development could be the effective RNAi targets for controlling aphids and potentially other insect pests.

关键词： oilseed rape pest control aphid double-stranded RNA RNA interference

Three-year field study on grass growth and soil hydrological properties in biochar-amended soil

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2764-2774页

作者： Haowen Guo Charles Wang Wai Ng Junjun ni qi zhang Yuchen Wang Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjingChina

Field monitoring was conducted to investigate and quantify the long-term effects of peanut shell biochar on soil-grass interaction over three *** 10 m5 m grassed plots were constructed in completely decomposed granitic *** of them were amended,respectively,with 5%and 10%biochar contents(m^(3)/m^(3))for grass growth,while the third was without biochar *** the threeyear monitoring,plant characteristics,saturated water permeability(k_(s))of grassed soil and soil suction were *** monitored results show that the grass leaf area index(LAI)and root length density(RLD)with biochar amendment were improved by 38%and 200%,*** the grassed plot without biochar,a threshold RLD existed with a value of 1.7 cm/cm^(3),beyond which k_(s) raised *** threshold RLD increased by 52%when biochar content increased from 0%to 10%.This implies that biochar may restrict the increase in k_(s) of grassed soil due to the rise in the threshold *** presence of biochar and grass can retain over 100%higher suction after heavy rainfalls,while 54%lower peak suction under evapotranspiration(ET)compared with the non-amended *** can alleviate the negative effects on hydraulic properties caused by plant growth and reduce ET-induced excessive water loss.A 5%peanut shell biochar content is recommended for the long-term management of vegetated earthen infrastructures.

关键词： Soil-grass interaction Biochar Long-term Water infiltration Soil drying

Defect engineered nickel hydroxide nanosheets for advanced pseudocapacitor electrodes

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5233-5242页

作者： Yaohang Gu Yuxuan zhang Xuanyu Wang Ateer Bao Bo ni Haijun Pan Xiaoyan zhang Xiwei qi School of Materials Science and Engineering Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110189China College of Metallurgy and Energy North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China Key Laboratory of Dielectric and Electrolyte Functional Material Hebei Province School of Resources and MaterialsNortheastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China School of Resources and Materials Northeastern University at QinhuangdaoQinhuangdao 066004China

While the past years have witnessed great achievement in pseudocapacitors,the inauguration of electrode materials of high-performance still remains a formidable ***,the capacity and rate capability of the electrode depends largely on its electrical conductivity,which ensures fast charge transfer kinetics in both the grain bulk and grain ***,nickel hydroxides with oxygen vacancies are facilely fabricated via a hydrothermal *** active materials exhibit a high specific capacitance of 3250 F·g^(−1)and a high areal of capacitance of 14.98 F·cm^(−2)at 4.6 mA·cm^(−2).The asymmetric supercapacitor device based on our material delivers a high energy density of~71.6 Wh·kg^(−1)and a power density of~17,300 W·kg^(−1)and could retain~95%of their initial capacitance even after 30,000 *** addition,the defect-rich hydroxides demonstrate higher electrical conductivity as well as dielectric constant,which is responsible for the superior pseudocapacitive *** new scientific strategy in terms of taking the advantages of oxygen vacancies might open up new opportunities for qualified pseudocapacitive materials of overall high performances not only for nickel hydroxides but also for other metal hydroxides/oxides.

关键词： pseudocapacitors nickel hydroxides oxygen vacancies electrical conductivity

Preparation of maximally-entangled states with multiple cat-state qutrits in circuit QED

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第3期19卷 239-251页

作者： Chui-Ping Yang Jia-Heng ni Liang Bin Yu zhang Yang Yu qi-Ping Su Department of Physics Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou 311121China School of Physics Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of CalgaryAlberta T2N 1N4Canada

In recent years,cat-state encoding and high-dimensional entanglement have attracted much ***,previous works are limited to generation of entangled states of cat-state qubits(two-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding),while how to prepare entangled states of cat-state qutrits or qudits(high-dimensional entanglement with cat-state encoding)has not been *** here propose to generate a maximally-entangled state of multiple cat-state qutrits(three-dimensional entanglement by cat-state encoding)in circuit *** entangled state is prepared with multiple microwave cavities coupled to a superconducting flux ququart(a four-level quantum system).This proposal operates essentially by the cavity-qutrit dispersive *** circuit hardware resource is minimized because only a coupler ququart is *** higher intermediate level of the ququart is occupied only for a short time,thereby decoherence from this level is greatly suppressed during the state ***,the state preparation time does not depend on the number of the qutrits,thus it does not increase with the number of the *** an example,our numerical simulations demonstrate that,with the present circuit QED technology,the high-fidelity preparation is feasible for a maximally-entangled state of two cat-state ***,we numerically analyze the effect of the inter-cavity crosstalk on the scalability of this *** proposal is universal and can be extended to accomplish the same task with multiple microwave or optical cavities coupled to a natural or artificial four-level atom.

关键词： maximally-entangled states cat state qutrit circuit QED

Enhancing thermodynamic stability of single-crystal ni-rich cathode material via a synergistic dual-substitution strategy

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 428-436,I0010页

作者： Jixue Shen Hui Li Haoyu qi zhan Lin Zeheng Li Chuanbo Zheng Weitong Du Hao Chen Shanqing zhang School of Metallurgy Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhangjiagang 215600JiangsuChina School of Metallurgy and Environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083HunanChina Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center Jieyang 515200GuangdongChina Institute of Sustainable Transformation School of Chemical Engineering and Light IndustryGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006GuangdongChina Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Engineering Manufacture Technology College of Chemical and Biological EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027ZhejiangChina Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy School of Environment and ScienceGold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityGold Coast 4222QueenslandAustralia

nickel(ni)-rich cathode materials have become promising candidates for the next-generation electrical vehicles due to their high specific ***,the poor thermodynamic stability(including cyclic performance and safety performance or thermal stability)will restrain their wide commercial ***,a single-crystal ni-rich Li ni_(0.83)Co_(0.12)Mn_(0.05)O_(2) cathode material is synthesized and modified by a dual-substitution strategy in which the high-valence doping element improves the structural stability by forming strong metal–oxygen binding forces,while the low-valence doping element eliminates high Li^(+)/ni^(2+)*** a result,this synergistic dual substitution can effectively suppress H2-H3 phase transition and generation of microcracks,thereby ultimately improving the thermodynamic stability of ni-rich cathode ***,the dual-doped ni-rich cathode delivers an extremely high capacity retention of 81%after 250 cycles(***/Li+)in coin-type half cells and 87%after 1000 cycles(***/Li^(+))in pouch-type full cells at a high temperature of 55℃.More impressively,the dual-doped sample exhibits excellent thermal stability,which demonstrates a higher thermal runaway temperature and a lower calorific *** synergetic effects of this dual-substitution strategy pave a new pathway for addressing the critical challenges of ni-rich cathode at high temperatures,which will significantly advance the high-energy-density and high-safety cathodes to the subsequent commercialization.

关键词： ni-rich cathode Single crystalline Dual-substitution strategy High-temperature cathode Li-ion batteries