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Biological and molecular interplay between two viruses and powdery and downy mildews in two grapevine cultivars

Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 408-421页

作者： Giovanna Gilardi Walter Chitarra Amedeo Moine Monica Mezzalama Paolo Boccacci massimo pugliese Maria Lodovica Gullino Giorgio Gambino Centre of Competence for the Innovation in the Agro-Environmental sector(AGROINNOVA) University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection National Research Council(IPSP-CNR)Strada delle Cacce 7310135 TorinoItaly Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA-VE)Via XXVIII Aprile 2631015 ConeglianoItaly Department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences(DISAFA)University of TorinoLargo Paolo Braccini 210095 GrugliascoItaly

Grapevine may be affected simultaneously by several pathogens whose complex interplay is largely *** studied the effects of infection by two grapevine viruses on powdery mildew and downy mildew development and the molecular modifications induced in grapevines by their multiple *** fanleaf virus(GFLV)and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus(GRSPaV)were transmitted by in vitro-grafting to Vitis vinifera cv Nebbiolo and Chardonnay virus-free plantlets regenerated by somatic *** were then artificially inoculated in the greenhouse with either Plasmopara viticola or Erysiphe necator ***-infected plants showed a reduction in severity of the diseases caused by powdery and downy mildews in comparison to virus-free *** induced the overexpression of stilbene synthase genes,pathogenesis-related proteins,and influenced the genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism in *** transcriptional changes suggest improved innate plant immunity,which makes the GFLV-infected grapevines less susceptible to other biotic ***,however,cannot be extrapolated to GRSPaV as it was unable to promote protection against the fungal/oomycete *** these multiple interactions,the grapevine genotype seemed to have a crucial role:in‘Nebbiolo’,the virus-induced molecular changes were different from those observed in‘Chardonnay’,suggesting that different metabolic pathways may be involved in protection against fungal/oomycete *** results indicate that complex interactions do exist between grapevine and its different pathogens and represent the first study on a topic that still is largely unexplored.

关键词： mildew powdery cultivar

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滴灌施肥对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响

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农业工程学报 2008年第7期24卷 49-53页

作者：黄丽华沈根祥钱晓雍顾海蓉仇忠启 massimo pugliese 上海市环境科学研究院上海上实现代农业开发有限公司 AGROINNOVA Turin UniversityTurin100095Italy

通过2年在果园和蔬菜田的生产试验及田间氮素流失监测,对比研究常规施肥管理和精确滴灌施肥技术在作物产量、肥料消耗量和农田氮素流失负荷等方面的差异,分析不同施肥方式对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响。结果表明:滴灌施肥技术把定量... 详细信息

通过2年在果园和蔬菜田的生产试验及田间氮素流失监测,对比研究常规施肥管理和精确滴灌施肥技术在作物产量、肥料消耗量和农田氮素流失负荷等方面的差异,分析不同施肥方式对农田土壤氮素利用和流失的影响。结果表明:滴灌施肥技术把定量的溶解态肥料直接输送到作物根部,提高了肥料利用效率,农作物产量与常规产量基本持平甚至略有提高,而氮肥消耗量和氮素流失负荷则显著降低。与常规施肥管理方式相比,2006年梨、大豆和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低10.8、11.8和8.9g/kg,削减率分别为22.8%、26.6%和30.8%;单位产量总氮流失量也分别削减45.2%、14.5%和26.3%。2007年梨、西瓜和玉米的单位产量氮肥消耗量分别降低11.1、8.1和5.0g/kg,削减率分别达到29.7%、65.8%和21.5%;单位产量总氮流失量分别削减56.4%、49.7%和51.8%。

关键词：精确滴灌施肥总氮流失负荷单位产量氮肥消耗量单位产量总氮流失量

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CO_2和温度升高情况下白粉菌侵染对西葫芦生长特性的影响

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生态学报 2011年第2期31卷 491-497页

作者：刘俊稚葛亚明 pugliese massimo Garibaldi Angelo Gullino Maria Lodovica 田光明浙江大学环境工程系 Centre of Competence in the Agro-environmental Sector(AGROINNOVA) University of TorinoGrugliasco 10095Italy

植物病害是降低植物产量和产品品质的重要因素,但对其在气候变化情景下如何影响植物的研究鲜见报道。利用封闭式人工气候室模拟不同环境处理,探讨了大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高情况下白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)侵染对西葫芦(Cucurbita ... 详细信息

植物病害是降低植物产量和产品品质的重要因素,但对其在气候变化情景下如何影响植物的研究鲜见报道。利用封闭式人工气候室模拟不同环境处理,探讨了大气CO2浓度增加和温度升高情况下白粉菌(Podosphaera xanthii)侵染对西葫芦(Cucurbita pepo)生长发育的影响。结果表明,单独CO2加富(EC)增强了西葫芦光合作用(P<0.05),促进了植株生长和果实生产;CO2浓度和温度同时升高(ECT)也促进了光合作用(P<0.05),加速了植株器官发育,但限制了叶片叶绿素合成和叶片面积生长,最终明显降低了植株地上部分干物质积累和果实产量(P<0.05)。和对照相比,EC处理下白粉菌的生长繁殖没有明显变化,但由于西葫芦植株的抗病性有所改善,植株病情指数略有下降;而ECT处理下白粉菌的发育繁殖明显改善,***菌落规模和产孢能力极大提高(P<0.01),植物病情指数显著加重(P<0.01),作物严重减产(P<0.01)。可见,在未来以CO2浓度和温度升高为特征的气候变化条件下,白粉菌倾向于加重对西葫芦的侵染。这个结论对其他葫芦科白粉病的防治管理也有借鉴作用。

关键词：全球气候变化西葫芦白粉菌植物病害生长特性

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崇明东滩旱作农田土壤磷素流失及其影响因素

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生态与农村环境学报 2010年第4期26卷 334-338页

作者：钱晓雍沈根祥黄丽华顾海蓉 massimo pugliese 上海市环境科学研究院上海200233 意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心都灵10095

对采用不同施肥和地表管理方式的梨园和菜地磷素的流失进行监测,研究了崇明东滩旱作农田土壤磷素的流失负荷、流失途径及其变化规律和影响因素,并分析了不同施肥和地表管理方式对农田土壤磷素流失的影响。结果表明,旱作农田土壤磷素径... 详细信息

对采用不同施肥和地表管理方式的梨园和菜地磷素的流失进行监测,研究了崇明东滩旱作农田土壤磷素的流失负荷、流失途径及其变化规律和影响因素,并分析了不同施肥和地表管理方式对农田土壤磷素流失的影响。结果表明,旱作农田土壤磷素径流流失、渗漏流失和泥沙流失浓度均超过水体富营养化总磷浓度临界值;土壤磷素流失以泥沙流失为主,泥沙总磷流失负荷占总磷流失总负荷的70.7%～82.2%;磷素流失主要发生在6、8和10月,这3个月总磷流失负荷占全年总磷流失总负荷的71.6%～73.0%。对磷素流失影响因素的相关分析表明,旱作农田土壤磷素流失与降雨量、降雨侵蚀力、径流量、径流水中总磷浓度等因素相关显著。与常规对照方式相比较,保持表土植被、覆盖地膜和精确滴灌,可减少旱作农田径流和泥沙产生量,降低总磷流失浓度,梨园和菜地总磷流失负荷消减率分别可达20.6%和12.6%。

关键词：崇明东滩磷素流失影响因素面源污染富营养化防治

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精确滴灌施肥技术对大棚土壤盐渍化和氮磷流失控制的研究

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农业环境科学学报 2009年第2期28卷 287-291页

作者：郭春霞沈根祥黄丽华钱晓雍徐小辉 massimo pugliese 上海市环境科学研究院上海200233 上海上实现代农业开发有限公司上海202183 意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心都灵10095

针对温室大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐而导致的农业面源污染问题,以常规肥水管理方式为对照,在上海崇明东滩温室大棚采用土壤次生盐渍化监测、灌水洗盐过程模拟和农作物生产试验等方法研究精确滴灌施肥技术在降低土壤次生盐渍化程度和减少农... 详细信息

针对温室大棚盐渍化土壤灌水洗盐而导致的农业面源污染问题,以常规肥水管理方式为对照,在上海崇明东滩温室大棚采用土壤次生盐渍化监测、灌水洗盐过程模拟和农作物生产试验等方法研究精确滴灌施肥技术在降低土壤次生盐渍化程度和减少农田氮磷流失中的作用。结果表明,滴灌施肥技术可有效降低农田表层土壤的盐分积累速度,以此降低洗盐频次,进而显著削减温室大棚因灌水洗盐而引起的氮磷流失负荷。当滴灌施肥区洗盐频次降低为常规区的一半时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷较常规方式削减45%～53%,而作物产量基本可以保持;当洗盐频次降低为常规区的1/4时,总氮、总磷、硝氮和氨氮的年流失负荷的削减率达58%～75%,但后茬作物减产明显。

关键词：精确滴灌施肥土壤盐渍化灌水洗盐总氮流失负荷总磷流失负荷

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3株非致病性镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum菌株对番茄枯萎病的生物防治效果

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上海农业学报 2007年第4期23卷 60-62页

作者：钱晓雍沈根祥黄丽华顾海蓉梁丹涛 massimo pugliese 上海市环境科学研究院上海200233 意大利都灵大学农业环境能力创新中心都灵10095

对3株非致病镰刀菌Fusariumoxysporum菌株IF 23、251/2和MSA35对于番茄枯萎病的生物防治效果进行了初步研究。温室盆栽试验表明:3株菌株对番茄枯萎病均有一定的抑制作用,其中105CFU/g浓度的IF 23菌株的防治效果最好;基质灭菌对于番茄枯... 详细信息

对3株非致病镰刀菌Fusariumoxysporum菌株IF 23、251/2和MSA35对于番茄枯萎病的生物防治效果进行了初步研究。温室盆栽试验表明:3株菌株对番茄枯萎病均有一定的抑制作用,其中105CFU/g浓度的IF 23菌株的防治效果最好;基质灭菌对于番茄枯萎病也有一定的抑制作用。

关键词：非致病镰刀菌Fusarium oxysporum菌株 IF 23 251/2 MSA35 番茄枯萎病生物防治

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Near-infrared spectroscopy in adult cardiac surgery： between conflicting results and unexpected uses

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2017年第11期14卷 659-661页

作者： Antonio Nenna Raffaele Barbato Salvatore Matteo Greco Giuseppe pugliese Mario Lusini Elvio Covino massimo Chello Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma Rome Italy

Neurological complications after cardiac surgery, rang- ing from permanent stroke to transient dysfunction, repre- sent a key issue in the management of geriatric patients. Many patients aged 70 or more have history of neurological dysfunctions, which increases the risk of complications and sequelae, Severe neurologic diseases, such as strokes, occur in up to 6% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Therefore, in the setting of fragile patients, prevention is more important than treatment. There are several intraop- erative mechanisms of neurological injury, such as embo- lism, inflammation, intraoperative anemia,

关键词： Acute kidney injury Aortic valve stenosis Cardiac surgery Cerebral oximetry Near infrared spectroscopy

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation: role of adenosine receptors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第9期16卷 1686-1692页

作者： Federica Cherchi Anna Maria pugliese Elisabetta Coppi Department of Neuroscience PsychologyDrug Research and Child Health-Neurofarba-Division of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly

Oligodendrocyte-formed myelin sheaths allow fast synaptic transmission in the brain and their degeneration leads to demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Remyelination requires the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into mature oligodendrocytes but, in chronic neurodegenerative disorders, remyelination fails due to adverse environment. Therefore, a strategy to prompt oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation towards myelinating oligodendrocytes is required. The neuromodulator adenosine, and its receptors(A1, A(2A), A(2B) and A3 receptors: A1R, A(2A)R, A(2B)R and A3R), are crucial mediators in remyelination processes. It is known that A1Rs facilitate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation and migration whereas the A3Rs initiates apoptosis in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Our group of research contributed to the field by demonstrating that A(2A)R and A(2B)R inhibit oligodendrocyte progenitor cell maturation by reducing voltage-dependent K^+ currents necessary for cell differentiation. The present review summarizes the possible role of adenosine receptor ligands as potential therapeutic targets in demyelinating pathologies such as multiple sclerosis.

关键词： adenosine receptors K^+channels oligodendrocyte differentiation oligodendrocyte progenitor cells remyelination

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Anti-TNF alpha in the treatment of ulcerative colitis:A valid approach for organ-sparing or an expensive option to delay surgery?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第17期20卷 4839-4845页

作者： Gianluca Rizzo Daniela pugliese Alessandro Armuzzi Claudio Coco Department of Surgical Sciences Complesso Integrato ColumbusCatholic University of the Sacred Heart00168 RomeItaly Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Unit Complesso Integrato ColumbusCatholic University of the Sacred Heart00168 RomeItaly

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease affecting large bowel with variable clinical course. The history of disease has been modified by the introduction of biologic therapy, in particular Infliximab (IFX), that has demonstrated efficacy in inducing fast symptoms remission, promoting mucosal healing and maintaining long-term remission. However, surgery is still needed for UC patients: in case of failure of medical therapy and if acute complications or a malignancy occurred. Surgical treatment is associated with a short-term post-operative mortality and morbidity respectively of 0%-4% and 30%. In this study we systematically analyzed: the role of IFX in reducing the colectomy rate, the risk of post-operative morbidity in pre-operatively IFX-treated patients and the cost-effectiveness of IFX therapy. Four of 5 analyzed randomized controlled trials demonstrated that therapy with IFX significantly reduces the colectomy rate. Moreover, pre-operative treatment with IFX doesn’t seem to increase post-operative infectious complications. By an economic point of view, the cost-effectiveness of IFX-therapy was demonstrated for UC patients suffering from moderate to severe UC in a study based on a cost estimation of the National Health Service of England and Wales. However, the argument is debated.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Infliximab Colectomy Post-operative complications Cost-effectiveness Inflammatory bowel disease

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Molecular adsorbent recirculating system therapy in a rare case of fulminant hepatitis

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2012年第5期5卷 270-275页

作者： Vincenzo Morabito Giancarlo Ferretti Francesco pugliese Simone Novelli massimo Rossi Gilnardo Novelli Department “P. Stefanini” General Surgery and Organs Transplant Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Aenesthetic Science and Critical Care Medicine Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Clinical Engineering Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Infectous Disease Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy

Background: Acute hepatitis C virus infection leading to fulminant hepatitis is very rare whereas Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. The repertoire of substances that accumulate in the blood in fulminant hepatic failure cause neurological abnormalities, aggravate injury to the liver and other organs, suppress the ability of residual hepatocytes to perform organ-specific functions (sick cell syndrome), and inhibit the hepatic regenerative response especially in fulminant hepatitis Virus C which has subacute clinical evolution and takes time to manifest. Liver support technology is evolving as different techniques become available that assist the remaining functional cell mass by providing specific liver functions. Case Presentation: We report a case of Fulminant C virus Hepatitis, successfully treated with albumin dialysis Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System (MARS). At time of admittance the patient presented: Model End-stage Liver Disease (MELD)-36;Child Turcotte Pugh (CTP)-C(13);Sequential Organ Failure Assestment (SOFA)-12, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS)-11. The patient underwent six sessions of MARS in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in association with standard medical therapy (SMT). The patient survived and was discharged from the hospital in good condition after 40 days without liver transplantation (LT).

关键词： Acute Liver Failure Hepatic Devices Cytokines Molecular Adsorbent Recirculating System

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