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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at Extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen Emmanuel d’Humières Laurent gremillet robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna Mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-EMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CEA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser Engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Overexpression of Slug is associated with malignant progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma

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world Journal of gastroenterology 2008年第7期14卷 1044-1052页

作者： Paras Jethwa Mushal Naqvi robert g Hardy Neil A Hotchin Sally roberts robert Spychal Chris Tselepis CRUK Institute for Cancer Studies University of BirminghamUnited Kingdom Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences Royal Infirmary of EdinburghUnited Kingdom School of Biosciences University of BirminghamUnited Kingdom Sandwell and west Birmingham Hopsitals NHS Trust BirminghamUnited Kingdom

AIM: To characterise expression of known E-cadherin repressors; Snail, Slug and Twist in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: E-cadherin, Slug, Snail and Twist mRNA expression in Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal adenocarcinoma specimens was examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry was used to examine cellular localisation and protein levels. The effect of Slug on epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was examined by transfection of Slug into an adenocarcinoma line ***: Cellular localisation of Slug in Barrett's metaplasia was largely cytoplasmic whilst in adenocarcinoma it was nuclear. Semi-quantitative analysis indicated that Slug was more abundant in adenocarcinoma compared to matched Barrett's metaplastic specimens. Snail and Twist were expressed in adenocarcinoma but were cytoplasmic in location and not induced compared to Barrett's mucosa. These observations were supported by mRNA studies where only Slug mRNA was shown to be over-expressed in adenocarcinoma and inversely correlated to E-cadherin expression. Overexpression of Slug in OE33 mediated E-cadherin repression and induced the mesenchymal markers vimentin and ***: Progression to adenocarcinoma is associated with increased Slug expression and this may represent a mechanism of E-cadherin silencing.

关键词： Slug Oesophagus Cancer Barrett's metaplasia Epithelial-mesenchymal transition

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grapefruit-seed extract attenuates ethanol-and stress-induced gastric lesions via activation of prostaglandin, nitric oxide and sensory nerve pathways

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world Journal of gastroenterology 2005年第41期11卷 6450-6458页

作者： Tomasz Brzozowski Peter C Konturek Danuta Drozdowicz Stanislaw J Konturek Oxana Zayachivska robert Pajdo Slawomir Kwiecien wieslaw w Pawlik Eckhart g Hahn Department of Physiology Jagiellonian University Medical College CracowPoland Department of Medicine Ⅰ University of Erlangen-Nuremberg ErlangenGermany Oxana Zayachivska National Medical University LvivUkraine

AIM： grapefruit-seed extract （gSE） containing flavonoids, possesses antibacterial and antioxidative properties but whether it influences the gastric defense mechanism and gastroprotection against ethanol- and stress-induced gastric lesions remains unknown. METHODS： we compared the effects of gSE on gastric mucosal lesions induced in rats by topical application of 100% ethanol or 3.5 h of water immersion and restraint stress （wRS） with or without （A） inhibition of cyclooxygenase （COX）-1 activity by indomethacin and rofecoxib, the selective COX-2 inhibitor, （B） suppression of NO-synthase with L-NNA （20 mg/kg ip）, and （C） inactivation by capsaicin （125 mg/kg sc） of sensory nerves with or without intragastric （ig） pretreatment with gSE applied 30 min prior to ethanol or wRS. One hour after ethanol and 3.5 h after the end of wRS, the number and area of gastric lesions were measured by planimetry, the gastric blood flow （gBF） was assessed by H2-gas clearance technique and plasma gastrin levels and the gastric mucosal generation of PgE2, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity and malonyldialdehyde （MDA） concentration, as an index of lipid peroxidation were determined. RESULTS： Ethanol and wRS caused gastric lesions accompanied by the significant fall in the gBF and SOD activity and the rise in the mucosal MDA content. Pretreatment with gSE （8-64 mg/kg i g） dose- dependently attenuated gastric lesions induced by 100% ethanol and wRS; the dose reducing these lesions by 50% （ID50） was 25 and 36 mg/kg, respectively, and this protective effect was similar to that obtained with methyl PgE2 analog （5 μg/kg i g）. gSE significantly raised the gBF, mucosal generation of PgE2, SOD activity and plasma gastrin levels while attenuating IVlDA content. Inhibition of PgE2 generation with indomethacin or rofecoxib and suppression of NO synthase by L-NNA or capsaicin denervation reversed the gSE-induced protection and the accompanying hyperemia. Cotreatment of exogenous calcitonine gene-rel

关键词： grapefriut-seed extract gastroprotection gastric blood flow Superoxide dismutase Prostaglandin Calcitonine gene-related peptide

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Conditionally Optimal weights of Evidence

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2005年第2期21卷 247-256页

作者： Stephan Morgenthaler robert g.Staudte Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne (EPFL) SB IMA Station 8 1015 Lausanne SwitzerlandStatistics Department LaTrobe University Melbourne 3086 Australia

A weight of evidence is a calibrated statistic whose values in [0, 1]indicate the degree of agreement between the data and either of two hypothesis, one being treated asthe null (H_0) and the other as the alternative (H_1). A value of zero means perfect agreement withthe null, whereas a value of one means perfect agreement with the alternative. The optimality weconsider is minimal mean squared error (MSE) under the alternative while keeping the MSE under thenull below a fixed bound. This paper studies such statistics from a conditional point of view, inparticular for location and scale models.

关键词： Structural models invariance confidence distributions testing

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gastroenterostoma after Billroth antrectomy as a premalignant condition

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world Journal of gastroenterology 2012年第25期18卷 3201-3206页

作者： robert Sitarz Ryszard Maciejewski wojciech P Polkowski g Johan A Offerhaus Department of Pathology University Medical CentreUtrecht3584 CX UtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Human Anatomy Medical University of Lublin20-950 LublinPoland Department of Surgical Oncology Medical University of Lublin20-081 LublinPoland Department of Pathology Academic Medical Centre 1105 AZ Amsterdam The Netherlands

gastric stump carcinoma （gSC） following remote gastric surgery is widely recognized as a separate entity within the group of various types of gastric cancer. gastrecto- my is a well established risk factor for the development of gSC at a long time after the initial surgery. Both exo- as well as endogenous factors appear to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of gSC, such as achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and biliary reflux, Epstein-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori infection, atrophic gastritis, and also some polymorphisms in interleukin-l~ and maybe cyclo-oxygenase-2. This review summarizes the litera- ture of gSC, with special reference to reliable early di- agnostics. In particular, dysplasia can be considered as a dependable morphological marker. Therefore, close endoscopic surveillance with multiple biopsies of the gastroenterostomy is recommended. Screening start- ing at 15 years after the initial ulcer surgery can detect tumors at a curable stage. This approach can be ofspecial interest in Eastern European countries, where surgery for benign gastroduodenal ulcers has remained a practice for a much longer time than in western Eu- rope, and therefore gSC is found with higher frequency.

关键词： gastric stump cancer gastrectomy Riskfactors Endoscopic surveillance

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FTY720,a sphingosine analog,altered placentome histoarchitecture in ewes

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020年第2期11卷 380-392页

作者： Kathrin A.Dunlap Bryan g.white David w.Erikson M.Carey Satterfield Christiane Pfarrer guoyao wu Fuller w.Bazer robert C.Burghardt Kayla J.Bayless greg A.Johnson Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Okanagan College Salmon Arm Campus Salmon ArmBritish ColumbiaCanada Endocrine Technologies Core Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health&Science UniversityBeavertonORUSA Department of Anatomy University of Veterinary Medicine HannoverBischofsholer Damm 1530173 HannoverGermany Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine Texas A&M Health Science CenterCollege StationTX 77843USA

Background:The lysosphingolipid,sphingosine-1-phosphate,is a well-described and potent pro-angiogenic ***,as well as the sphingosine phosphorylating enzyme sphingosine kinase 1,are expressed in the placentomes of sheep and the decidua of rodents;however,a function for this signaling pathway during pregnancy has not been *** objective of this study was to investigate whether sphingosine-1-phosphate promoted angiogenesis within the placentomes of pregnant *** were given daily jugular injections of FTY720(2-amino-2[2-(−4-octylphenyl)ethyl]propate-1,3-diol hydrochloride),an S1P ***:FTY720 infusion from days 30 to 60 of pregnancy did not alter maternal organ weights nor total number or mass of placentomes,but did alter placentome *** of caruncular crypts and cotyledonary villi was decreased,as was the relative area of cotyledonary tissue within ***,the percentage of area occupied by cotyledonary villi per unit of placentome was increased,while the thickness of the caruncular capsule was decreased in ewes treated with ***,FTY720 infusion decreased the number and density of blood vessels within caruncular tissue near the placentome capsule where the crypts emerge from the ***,FTY720 infusion decreased asparagine and glutamine in amniotic fluid and methionine in allantoic fluid,and decreased the crown rump length of day 60 ***:while members of the sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling pathway have been characterized within the uteri and placentae of sheep and mice,the present study uses FTY720 to address the influence of S1P signaling on placental *** present evidence that modulation of the S1P signaling pathway results in the alteration of caruncular vasculature,placentome architecture,abundance of amino acids in allantoic and amniotic fluids,and fetal growth during pregnancy in *** marked morphological changes in placentome histoarchitec

关键词： Placentome Pregnancy Sheep Sphingosine1 phosphate(S1P)

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CPC, a Single-Repeat R3 MYB, Is a Negative Regulator of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第4期2卷 790-802页

作者： Hui-Fen Zhu Karen Fitzsimmons Abha Khandelwal robert g. Kranz Department of Biology Washington University St Louis MO 63130 USA

Single-repeat R3 MYB transcription factors like CPC （CAPRICE） are known to play roles in developmental processes such as root hair differentiation and trichome initiation. However, none of the six Arabidopsis single-repeat R3 MYB members has been reported to regulate flavonoid biosynthesis. we show here that CPC is a negative regulator of anthocyanin biosynthesis. In the process of using CPC to test gAL4-dependent driver lines, we observed a repression of anthocyanin synthesis upon gAL4-mediated CPC overexpression. we demonstrated that this is not due to an increase in nutrient uptake because of more root hairs. Rather, CPC expression level tightly controls anthocyanin accumulation. Microarray analysis on the whole genome showed that, of 37 000 features tested, 85 genes are repressed greater than three-fold by CPC overexpression. Of these 85, seven are late anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Also, anthocyanin synthesis genes were shown to be down-regulated in 35S：：CPC overexpression plants. Transient expression results suggest that CPC competes with the R2R3-MYB transcription factor PAP1/2, which is an activator of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. This report adds anthocyanin biosynthesis to the set of programs that are under CPC control, indicating that this regulator is not only for developmental programs （e.g. root hairs, trichomes）, but can influence anthocyanin pigment synthesis.

关键词： CPC (CAPRICE) anthocyanin biosynthesis negative regulator Arabidopsis.

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Developmental transcription factors in age-related CNS disease: a phoenix rising from the ashes?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 64-65页

作者： robert B.white Meghan g.Thomas School of Anatomy Physiology & Human Biology The University of Western Australia Parkinson’s Centre School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Experimental and Regenerative Neuroscience School of Animal BiologyThe University of Western Australia

Few would doubt that understanding the developmental landscape from which a mature neuron is derived is essential to understand its *** temporal and spatial position of a cell from the very earliest stages of developm... 详细信息

关键词： landscape earliest mature doubt exposed developmental substantia nigra hydroxylase dopamine

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The influence of hydrogel soil amendment on the survival and growth of newly transplanted Pinus patula seedlings

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 103-109页

作者： Ada Mudhanganyi Hilton g.T.Ndagurwa Carlton Maravanyika robert Mwase Department of Forest Resources and wildlife Management Faculty of Applied Science National University of Science and Technology Forest Ecology Laboratory Faculty of Applied ScienceNational University of Science and Technology Stapleford Forest Allied Timbers Limited

Hydrogel amendments have been used to improve seedling survival and establishment particularly in dry environments. However, their effect on survival and growth of newly transplanted seedlings under varying water stress conditions is poorly known. In this regard, we examined the effects of Aqua Matrix Forestry~？, a potassium-based water-absorbent polymer, on the survival and early growth of Pinus patula seedlings planted in early-,mid-and late-dry season in the eastern highlands of Zimbabwe. The late-dry season was hotter and received more rainfall than the early-and mid-dry season. Hydrogel increased seedling survival by 34 and 22% in the mid-and late-dry season, respectively. Also, hydrogel-treated seedlings were significantly taller than untreated seedlings（P ／ 0.001）. The height to root collar diameter ratio of hydrogel-treated seedlings was greater than that of untreated seedlings only in the mid-dry season. In conclusion, increase in survival and early growth of hydrogel-treated seedlings suggests that hydrogels can be used to extend planting beyond the rainy season to include the dry months, a feat previously unattainable due to high seedling mortality. Further, these findings reflect similar findings with other hydrogels, suggesting that improved seedling survival and plant performance may be a general consequence of hydrogel amendments.

关键词： Hydrogel Pinus patula Reforestation Seedling Survival

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Annealing Response of Cold-Rolled Vanadium Microalloyed Sheet Steels

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2011年第S1期18卷 404-411页

作者： John g Speer David K Matlock robert J glodowski A dvanced Steel Processing and Products Research Center Colorado School of MinesGoldenColorado USA East Metals (North America) LLCPittsburghPAUSA

Vanadium microalloying is widely employed in hot-rolled HSLA products;because of its relatively high solubility in austenite,vanadium plays a special role in thin-slab cast hot-rolled products where reheating is limited prior to *** cold-rolled and annealed sheet steels,vanadium technology has been employed in bake-hardenable drawing-quality steels,and in HSLA *** studies have investigated the continuous and batch annealing response of vanadium-containing cold-rolled HSLA steels,with an emphasis on aluminum and nitrogen variations (because of the special importance of nitrogen in vanadium microallyed steels,and interesting interactions between vanadium,aluminum and nitrogen).The present contribution reviews some key aspects of vanadium-microalloyed coldrolled sheet steels,and highlights the results of selected studies showing the influence of steel composition and processing.

关键词： Microalloying vanadium,bake-hardening cold rolled sheet steel

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