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Direct-Seeded Rice: Genetic Improvement of Game-Changing Traits for Better Adaption

Rice science 2024年第4期31卷 417-433页

作者： priyanka negi Jagadish RANE Rajendra Sadashiv WAGH Tukaram Jayaram BHOR Dipti Digambar GODSE priyanka JADHAV C.ANILKUMAR Dasari SREEKANTH K.SAMMI REDDY Sharad Ramrao GADAKH K.M.BORAIH C.B.HARISHA P.S.BASAVARAJ Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute of Abiotic Stress Management Baramati 413115India Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth Rahuri 413722India ICAR-Central Institute for Arid Horticulture Bikaner 334006India ICAR-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006India ICAR-Directorate of Weed Research Jabalpur 482004India Dr.Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth Akola 444104India

The sustainability of rice production continues to be a subject of uncertainty and inquiry attributed to shifts in climatic conditions. In light of the impending climate change crisis and the high labor and water costs accompanying it, direct-seeded rice(DSR) is unquestionably one of the most practical solutions. Despite its resource and climate-friendly advantages, early maturing rice faces weed competitiveness and seedling establishment challenges. Resolving these issues is crucial for promoting its wider adoption among farmers, presenting it as a more effective sustainable rice cultivation method globally. Diverse traditional and contemporary breeding methods are employed to mitigate the limitations of the DSR approach, leveraging advanced techniques such as speed breeding and genome editing. Focusing on key traits like mesocotyl length elongation, early seedling vigor, root system architecture, and weed competitiveness holds promise for transformative improvements in DSR adaptation at a broader scale within farming communities. This review aims to summarize how these features contribute to increased crop production in DSR conditions and explore the research efforts focusing on enhancing DSR adaptation through these traits. Emphasizing the pivotal role of these game-changing traits in DSR adaptation, our analysis sheds light on their potential transformative impact and offers valuable insights for advancing DSR practices.

关键词： climate change direct-seeded rice aerobic rice early vigor trait

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基于社区的气候变化适应方法与高海拔Garhwal喜马拉雅山脉Bhagirathi地区的生计安全

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2024年第1期15卷 197-203页

作者： Shoryabh SRIVASTAVA Bindhy Wasini PANDEY Virender Singh negi 德里大学经济学院地理系印度德里110007 德里大学莎希德·巴加特·辛格学院地理系(E) 印度德里110017

位于Garhwal喜马拉雅山的Bhagirathi(HA-BV)谷地是一个生态和文化重要性极高的地区,但当地居民的生计容易受到气候变化的影响。基于社区的气候变化适应方法(CB-CCA)已成为一种增强地方社区的经济和社会福祉重要策略,并提高了社区发展的... 详细信息

位于Garhwal喜马拉雅山的Bhagirathi(HA-BV)谷地是一个生态和文化重要性极高的地区,但当地居民的生计容易受到气候变化的影响。基于社区的气候变化适应方法(CB-CCA)已成为一种增强地方社区的经济和社会福祉重要策略,并提高了社区发展的韧性。本文旨在研究HA-BV地区的CB-CCA和生计保障计划,关注应对气候变化所面临挑战的策略。研究认为优先考虑适应该地区崎岖的地形和恶劣的天气条件的可持续生计选择至关重要。例如,与山谷独特的土壤和气候动态相适应,推广温室种植和农林复合种植等替代农业,可能会带来较好的结果;此外,鼓励养蜂、手工艺和生态旅游等替代生计途径不仅可以创收,还能保护该地区的自然环境。为了鼓励当地居民实施这些环境友好的生计措施,政府和利益相关者需要进行战略性投资,基础设施的完善(包括道路建设和电力供应)可为经济增长创造良好的条件。研究结果可为喜马拉雅山地区的可持续发展做出贡献,为类似情境下未来构建气候韧性和保障生计的努力提供参考。

关键词： Bhagirathi谷基于社区的方法气候变化适应生计保障 Garhwal喜马拉雅山

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Graphene derivatives as efficient hole transport materials for lead-free double perovskite(CsSnI) solar cells: a numerical study

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Optoelectronics Letters 2024年

作者： SARITA YADAV SARAL K GUPTA C.M.S.negi Department of Physical Science，Banasthali Vidyapith

The double perovskite Cs2SnI6has notable optical and electrical characteristics， rendering it a highly prospective candidate for deployment as the absorber layer in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We simulated the performance of PSCs using lead-free Cs2SnI6double perovskite absorber layer and graphene derivatives， namely graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO)， as hole transport layers (HTLs). Our findings show that rGO offers an excellent hole extraction property with minimal interfacial recombination compared to GO. PSC utilizing rGO as the HTL material achieved a power conversion efficiency of 19.07%， while those employing GO HTL attained only 16.9%. The superior performance of rGO is attributed to its greater charge carrier mobility of rGO and its favorable energy level alignment with the double perovskite absorber layer. In contrast， the mismatch in the charge transport properties between the absorber layer and the GO HTL resulted in poor performance. Our study showcases the potential of using graphene derivative-based HTLs for realizing lead-free PSCs.

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A comprehensive review of dwell time optimization methods in computer-controlled optical surfacing

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第3期5卷 142-171页

作者： Tianyi Wang Xiaolong Ke Lei Huang Qingqing Cui Zili Zhang Chunjin Wang Hyukmo Kang Weslin Pullen Heejoo Choi Daewook Kim Vipender negi Qian Kemao Yi Zhu Stefano Giorgio Philip Boccabella Nathalie Bouet Corey Austin Mourad Idir National Synchrotron Light Source II(NSLS-II) Brookhaven National LaboratoryP.O.Box 5000UptonNY 11973USA School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Xiamen University of TechnologyXiamen 361024China State Key Laboratory of Ultra-precision Machining Technology Department of Industrial Systems and EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina James C.Wyant College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona1630 E.University Blvd.P.O.Box 210094TucsonAZ 85721-0094USA Large Binocular Telescope Observatory University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory University of Arizona933 N.Cherry Ave.TucsonAZ85721USA Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz KhasNew Delhi 110016India School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798

Dwell time plays a vital role in determining the accuracy and convergence of the computer-controlled optical surfacing ***,optimizing dwell time presents a challenge due to its ill-posed nature,resulting in non-unique *** address this issue,several well-known methods have emerged,including the iterative,Bayesian,Fourier transform,and matrix-form *** their independent development,these methods share common objectives,such as minimizing residual errors,ensuring dwell time's positivity and smoothness,minimizing total processing time,and enabling flexible dwell *** paper aims to comprehensively review the existing dwell time optimization methods,explore their interrelationships,provide insights for their effective implementations,evaluate their performances,and ultimately propose a unified dwell time optimization methodology.

关键词： Dwell time optimization Computer-controlled optical surfacing Finishing Polishing Optical fabrication

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Effects of irregularity and initial stresses on the dynamic response of viscoelastic half-space due to a moving load

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Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica 2017年第3期30卷 306-317页

作者： A.K. Singh A. Das A. Lakshman A. negi A. Chattopadhyay Department of Applied Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines) Dhanbad 826004 Jharkhand India

The present article deals with the stresses developed in an initially stressed irregular viscoelastic half-space clue to a load moving with a constant velocity at a rough free surface. Expressions for normal and shear stresses are obtained in closed form. The substantial effects of influence parameters, viz., depth （from the free surface）, irregularity factor, maximum depth of irregularity, viscoelastic parameter, horizontal and vertical initial stresses, and frictional coefficient, on normal and shear stresses are investigated. Moreover, comparative study is carried out for three different cases of irregularity, viz., rectangular irregularity, parabolic irregulariW and no irregularity, which is manifested through graphs.

关键词： Viscoelastic Irregularity Moving load Frictional coefficient Stresses

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Assessment of glacier stored water in Karakoram Himalaya using satellite remote sensing and field investigation

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 836-849页

作者： Kamal Kant SINGH Harendra Singh negi Dhiraj Kumar SINGH Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment

Karakoram Himalaya(KH) has continental climatic conditions and possesses largest concentration of glaciers outside the polar regions. The melt water from these glaciers is a major contributor to the Indus river. In this study, various methods have been used to estimate the ice volume in the Karakoram Range of glaciers such as Coregistration of Optically Sensed Images and Correlation(COSI-Corr) method and Area-Volume relations. Landsat 8 satellite data has been used to generate the ice displacement, velocity and thickness map. Our study for 558 Karakoram glaciers revealed that the average ice thickness in Karakoram is 90 m. Ground Penetrating Radar(GPR) survey has been conducted in one of the KH glacier i.e. Saser La glacier and the collected GPR data is used for the validation of satellite derived thickness map. GPR measured glacier thickness values are found comparable with satellite estimated values with RMSE of 4.3 m. The total ice volume of the Karakoram glaciers is estimated to be 1607±19 km3(1473±17 Gt), which is equivalent to 1473±17 km3 of water equivalent. Present study also covers the analysis of glacier surface displacement, velocity and ice thickness values with reference to glacier mean slope.

关键词： Glacier COSI-Corr Karakoram Range Ground Penetrating Radar GPR Volume-Area

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Inhibition of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Alters Cellular Levels of Nitric Oxide in Tomato Seedlings

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Molecular Plant 2010年第5期3卷 854-869页

作者： Sangeeta negi Parankusam Santisree Eros Vasil Kharshiing Rameshwar Sharma School of Life Sciences University of Hyderabad Hyderabad-500 046 India Present address: Donald Danforth Plant Science Centre 975 N. Warson Rd St Louis MO 63132 USA Present address: St Edmunds College Shillong Meghalaya India

Nitric oxide （NO） is involved in diverse plant growth processes; however, little is known about pathways regulating NO levels in plants. In this study, we isolated a NO-overproducing mutant of tomato （Solanum lycopersicurn） in which hyper-accumulation of NO, associated with increase in nitric oxide synthase （NOS）-Iike activity, caused diminished vegetative growth of plants and showed delayed flowering. The hyper-accumulation of NO caused drastic shortening of primary root （shr） in the seedlings, while the scavenging of NO restored root elongation in shr mutant. Inhibition of NOS- like activity reduced NO levels and stimulated root elongation in the shr mutant seedlings, while inhibition of nitrate reductase （NR） activity could not rescue shr phenotype. The stimulation of NO levels in shr mutant also conferred increased resistance to pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Application of pharmacological inhibitors regulating ubiquitin-proteasome pathway reduced NO levels and NOS-like activity and stimulated shr root elongation. Our data indicate that a signaling pathway involving regulated protein degradation likely regulates NO synthesis in tomato.

关键词： Nitric oxide tomato nitric oxide synthase short root mutant plant development.

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A new flavone C-glucoside from Glycosmis arborea(Rutaceae)

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2010年第12期21卷 1443-1445页

作者： Rajni Kant Sharma Sushma Semwal Devendra Singh negi Department of Chemistry HNB Garhwal Central University SrinagarUttarakhandIndia Department of Chemistry University of Cape TownCape TownRondebosch 7701South Africa

A new C-glycosyl flavone 7,4＇-dihydroxy-5-methoxyflavone-6-C-β-D-glucopyranoside 1 has been isolated and characterized form ethanolic extract of leaves part of Glycosmis *** structure of compound was verified by mea... 详细信息

关键词： Glycosmis arborea Rutaceae Flavone C-glucoside

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Applications of silica and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in enhanced oil recovery:Promises and challenges

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Petroleum Research 2021年第3期6卷 224-246页

作者： G.S.negi Sircar Anirbid P.Sivakumar School of Petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Petroleum UniversityGandhinagar382007GujaratIndia

The Surface engineering of nanoparticles has contributed to the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology by designing of new material depends on their surface modifier with series of functional properties and *** dispersed nanoparticles can change or modify the interfacial properties in liquid-liquid system in aqueous phase if their surface is modified by ionic *** interfacial energy in nanoparticles-brine system,the ions tends to modify the transport phenomena in pore channels and improve the *** use of the suspension of the particles at nanoscales can offer some advantages of induced sedimentation stability by surface force easily counter balance the force of *** happened due to their nanosize,nanostructure,high volume to surface ratio and strong rock fluid *** also influences the emulsion stability and alters the surface characteristics of surfactant and polymer within the rock in porous *** of the problems associated with conventional EOR processes have been solved by nanoscience applications due to their potential response to reduce the interfacial tension at low to ultra-low level,wettability reversal and improvement in rheology of formation *** large specific surface area,high reactivity,toughness and other properties of Nanoparticles can immensely improve the oil mobility compare to conventional *** paper updates the latest review,experimental evidences and re-interpretation of past research data and applications in respect of silica and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in different environment within surfactant(s),polymer(s),polymer-surfactant EOR *** nanotechnology therefore is an effective and alternate solution to brush up the traditional EOR approach with state of art technology which can revolutionize the total oil and gas industry and can contributes significantly to enhance the economics of oil field industry.

关键词： Enhanced oil recovery(EOR) Nanoparticles(NPs) Interfacial tension(IFT) Wettability Rheology

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Ethnobotanical and Indigenous Knowledge of Important Plants in East Hararghe, Eastern Ethiopia

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Journal of Mountain Science 2015年第6期12卷 1521-1533页

作者： Laxman Singh KANDARI Tripti negi Ashok Kumar THAKUR Eshetu YILMA Department of Forestry Himgiri Zee University Don Paramedical college and Hospital School of Plant Science College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Haramaya University

An ethnobotanical study was conducted in East Hararghe, Ethiopia to identify and investigate the use of various plants by the traditional healers and communities engaged in domestic, pesticide and medicinal use. A total of 78 species were observed to be used by the local inhabitants in the region for the treatments of various ailments. Out of these, herbs constitute 49% followed by trees(36%) and shrubs only 15%. However, most frequently used plant parts were leaf and aerial parts(20) followed by seed(13), fruit(12), other parts(10), rhizome(7) and bark(1). Most of the plants were found to be used for medicinal, aromatic and food flavouring(spices, condiments) purposes. Out of 78 species recorded in the present study, 11 were reported to cure stomachache, seven for cold, cough and respiratory problem, six for diarrhoea and five species were found capable of curing fever. Fabaceae was the largest family contributing to medicinal plant use with seven species followed by Solanaceae, Myrtaceae,(5 spp.), and Zingiberaceae, Asteraceae, Liliaceae(4 spp. each). Some of the important plants utilized for taking care of variety of ailments are Azadirachta indica, Brassica nigra, Balanites aegyptiaca, Maytenus ovatus, Rosmarinus officinalis and Trigonella foenum graecum. Most of these medicinal and aromatic plants(MAPs) play a significant role in the household economy and were observed to be very popular among the people. Unpopular plants were left out of the study. This study provides useful and basic information on usage of different plants for conducting further studies aimed at conservation and documentation of traditional medicine system and economic welfare of rural peoples of the East Hararghe, Ethiopia. It also revealed that indigenous practices contributed to sustainable management of plants.

关键词： Ethnobotany Medicinal plants Primary health care Traditional knowledge East Hararghe

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