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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： prashant kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou kamaldeep Bhui Nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan katti Thomas Rodding kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh k.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK Uk Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate ***,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air *** many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are *** systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their *** screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling ***,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the *** the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Delayed information induces oscillations in a dynamical model for infectious disease

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2019年第2期12卷 163-196页

作者： Anuj kumar prashant k Srivastava Anuradha Yadav School of Mathematics Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology Patiala 147004 India Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Patna Patna 801103India

During disease outbreak,it has been observed that information about the disease prevalence induces the individuafs behavioral *** information is usually assumed to be generated by the density of infective individuals and active mass *** delay in reporting of these infective individuals may have its impact on generated ***,to study the impact of delay on information generation,and therefore on the disease dynamics,a delay differential equation model is proposed and *** dynamics of information with delay effect is also modeled by a separate rate *** analysis is performed and a unique infected equilibrium is obtained when the basic reproduction number(R0)is greater than one,whereas the disease free equilibrium always *** R0<1,the disease free equilibrium is found to be locally stable independent of delay *** unique infected equilibrium is found to be locally stable till delay reaches a threshold *** global stability of the unique infected equilibrium is also established under some parametric conditions by constructing a suitable Lyapunov *** occurrence of Hopf bifurcation is observed when the delay in information crosses the threshold ***,the direction and stability of bifurcating periodic solutions is ***,we observed the occurrence of Hopf-Hopf bifurcation at two different *** first delay threshold,the endemic equilibrium loses its st ability and produces periodic oscillations via Hopf *** further regains its stability at second delay threshold via another Hopf ***,the delay effect on information shows possibility of stability *** experiments are carried out to support the obtained analytical *** study infers that the disease will show persistent oscillations if there is a significant time lag in reporting of infective after the disease ***,the delay in dissemination of information shows rich and

关键词： Information behavioral response delay Hopf bifurcation Hopf-Hopf bifurcation

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Polymer Nanocomposites in Sensor Applications: A Review on Present Trends and Future Scope

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2021年第6期39卷 665-691,I0005页

作者： prashant Shukla Pooja Saxena Amity Institute for Advanced Research and Studies(Materials&Devices) Amity UniversitySector-125Noida 201303India G L Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management Greater Noida-201306Uttar PradeshIndia

Polymers are crucial constituents of modern electronic *** can be used in their pristine,composite or nanocomposite forms for several domestic and industrial applications with innumerable unique *** nanocomposites have gained wide theoretical interest and numerous practical applications in diverse fields of science and technology as they bestow the materials not only with virtuous processability but also with exceptional *** is evidenced that the electrical conductance of polymer nanocomposite is governed by the conductive filler networks within the polymer ***,insignificant variation in the conductive networks can result in noteworthy variations in the output electric signal of polymer *** this stimuli-responsive performance of conductive networks to the physical parameters,polymer nanocomposites can be harnessed to fabricate novel sensitive sensors to detect vital physical parameters ***/stress,pressure,temperature,solvent or *** and phenomenological studies on polymer nanocomposites are still *** explanations are being sought but the mechanisms governing the formation of several polymer nanocomposites are still topics of debate in the material science *** in-depth investigation requires copious scientific *** review analytically sketches the synthesis,microstructures,physiochemical properties and the underlying mechanisms for stimuli-responsiveness to the physical parameters of the polymer nanocomposites as well as their applications in various sensitive sensors and ***,it became evocative for this review to focus on their processing methodologies,physiochemical physiognomies,classification and probable potentials of polymer *** review primarily presents the current literature survey on polymer composites and the gap areas in the study encourages the objective of the present review ***,the status,perspec

关键词： Polymers Polymer nanocomposites Sensors CNT Graphene

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Boundary Element Modeling of Multiconnected Ocean Basin in Visakhapatnam Port Under the Resonance Conditions

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China Ocean Engineering 2021年第5期35卷 662-675页

作者： prashant kUMAR Prachi PRIYA RAJNI Department of Applied Sciences National Institute of Technology DelhiDelhi 110040India Jindal Global Business School O P Jindal Global UniversitySonipatHaryana 131001India

A mathematical model has been developed to analyze the influence of extreme water waves over multiconnected regions in Visakhapatnam Port,India by considering an average water depth in each multiconnected *** addition,partial reflection of incident waves on coastal boundary is also *** domain of interest is divided mainly into two regions,i.e.,open sea region and harbor region namely as Region-I and Region-II,***,Region-II is divided into multiple connected *** 2-D boundary element method(BEM)including the Chebyshev point discretization is utilized to solve the Helmholtz equation in each region separately to determine the wave *** numerical convergence is performed to obtain the optimum numerical accuracy and the validation of the current numerical approach is also conducted by comparing the simulation results with existing *** four key spots based on the moored ship locations in Visakhapatnam Port are identified to perform the numerical *** wave amplification at these locations is estimated for monochromatic incident waves,considering approximate water depth and different reflection coefficients on the wall of port under the resonance *** addition,wave field analysis inside the Visakhapatnam Port is also conducted to understand resonance *** current numerical model provides an efficient tool to analyze the amplification on any realistic ports or harbors.

关键词： boundary element method amplification factor Helmholtz equation reflection coefficient Visakhapatnam Port

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Who to screen and how to screen for celiac disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第32期28卷 4493-4507页

作者： prashant Singh Achintya Dinesh Singh Vineet Ahuja Govind k Makharia Department of Gastroenterology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Department of Medicine Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi 110029India

Celiac disease(CeD)is a chronic gluten-induced enteropathy with plethoric *** typical manifestations of CeD such as chronic diarrhea and malabsorption are widely recognized,however,many patients have atypical manifestations like iron deficiency anemia,idiopathic short stature,hypertransaminesemia or infertility,*** patients often present to the primary care physicians and/or non-gastrointestinal ***,due to a lack of awareness among the healthcare professionals about the various atypical manifestations,many patients are not screened for *** this review,we have summarized the available literature about the prevalence of CeD in various gastrointestinal(chronic diarrhea)and non-gastrointestinal conditions(iron deficiency anemia,short stature,cryptogenic hypertransaminesemia,cryptogenic cirrhosis or idiopathic ataxia etc.)where the diagnosis of CeD should be *** addition,we also discuss special scenarios where screening for CeD should be considered even in absence of symptoms such as patients with type 1 diabetes,Down’s syndrome,and first-degree relatives of patients with ***,we discuss the diagnostic performance and limitations of various screening tests for CeD such as IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies,antiendomysial antibodies and anti-deamidated gliadin *** on the current recommendations,we propose a diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected CeD.

关键词： Screening Diagnosis Serology High-risk group Small intestine Enteropathy

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A rapid absorbance-based growth assay to screen the toxicity of oligomer Aβ42 and protect against cell death in yeast

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第10期15卷 1931-1936页

作者： prashant Bharadwaj Ralph Martins Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer’s Disease Research and Care School of Medical and Health SciencesEdith Cowan UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute(CHIRI)Faculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityWestern AustraliaAustralia School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience.University of Western Australia Western AustraliaAustralia School of Biomedical Science Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSWAustralia

Multiple lines of evidence show that soluble oligomer forms of amyloidβprotein(Aβ42)are the most neurotoxic species in the brain and correlates with the degree of neuronal loss and cognitive deficit in Alzheimer’s *** many studies have used mammalian cells to investigate oligomer Aβ42 toxicity,the use of more simple eukaryotic cellular systems offers advantages for large-scale screening *** have previously established and validated budding yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae to be a simple and a robust model to study the toxicity of Aβ.Using colony counting based methods,oligomeric Aβ42 was shown to induce dose-dependent cell death in *** have adapted this method for high throughput screening by developing an absorbance-based growth *** further validated the assay with treatments previously shown to protect oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death in mammalian and yeast *** assay offers a platform for studying underlying mechanisms of oligomer Aβ42 induced cell death using gene deletion/overexpression libraries and developing novel agents that alleviate Aβ42 induced cell death.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid toxicity autophagy Aβ42 oligomer high-throughput screening latrepirdine neuroprotection yeast model

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Mathematical Modeling of Moored Ship Motion in Arbitrary Harbor utilizing the Porous Breakwater

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China Ocean Engineering 2023年第5期37卷 738-752页

作者： Prachi Priya prashant kumar Gulshan Rajni Government Model Sanskriti Senior Secondary School Ganaur Sonipat 131101India Department of Applied Sciences(Mathematics) National Institute of TechnologyDelhi 110036India JindalGobal Business School O.P.Jindal Global UniversitySonepat 131001India

The motion of the moored ship in the harbor is a classical hydrodynamics problem that still faces many challenges in naval operations,such as cargo transfer and ship pairings between a big transport ship and some small ships.A mathematical model is presented based on the Laplace equation utilizing the porous breakwater to investigate the moored ship motion in a partially absorbing/reflecting *** motion of the moored ship is described with the hydrodynamic forces along the rotational motion(roll,pitch,and yaw)and translational motion(surge,sway,and heave).The efficiency of the numerical method is verified by comparing it with the analytical study of Yu and Chwang(1994)for the porous breakwater,and the moored ship motion is compared with the theoretical and experimental data obtained by Yoo(1998)and Takagi et al.(1993).Further,the current numerical scheme is implemented on the realistic Visakhapatnam Fishing port,India,in order to analyze the hydrodynamic forces on moored ship motion under resonance *** model incorporates some essential strategies such as adding a porous breakwater and utilizing the wave absorber to reduce the port’s *** has been observed that these tactics have a significant impact on the resonance inside the port for safe maritime ***,the current numerical model provides an efficient tool to reduce the resonance within the arbitrarily shaped ports for secure anchoring.

关键词： boundary element method Laplace equation porous breakwater partially reflecting/absorbing harbor wall moored ship motion

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Optimal Location and Sizing of Conglomerate DG-FACTS using an Artificial Neural Network and Heuristic Probability Distribution Methodology for Modern Power System Operations

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2022年第1期7卷 124-148页

作者： Anwar Shahzad Siddiqui prashant Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering&TechnologyJamia Millia IslamiaJamia NagarOkhlaNew Delhi 110025India

In existing power system networks,the positioning and sizing of multi-DG is critical at the optimum locations for effective energy *** optimal power flow is assessed using the NR method(without DG)in which performance parameters such as real power loss,accuracy,selectivity and MSE are obtained,but in an undesirable *** meet load demand;multi-DGs are placed and their optimal locations are assessed by the proposed heuristic probability distribution methodology and an ANN because existing techniques provides poor performance parameters for selecting the location and sizing of *** optimal positions of multi-DGs are estimated in terms of performance parameters including real power loss of transmission network,accuracy,selectivity and MSE,while the performance parameters obtained with the ANN are better than the heuristic ***,the sizing of multi-DGs is evaluated in relation to active and reactive *** is found that that sizes of multi-DGs are smaller with ANN than with heuristic *** is preferable to connect the buses having lowest real power losses with the smallest *** performance analysis is tested in the standard IEEE 9-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems on *** improve the distortion level in real and reactive power,multi-FACTS namely TCSC,TSC and STATCOM are *** switching of TCSC and TSC is done by SPWM while STATCOM switching is controlled with *** locations of multi-FACTS devices are chosen for buses having larger distortion and the sizing of multi-FACTS devices is also optimally *** application of multi-FACTS devices helps to improve power quality and fulfill load demand with minimal size in order to make the system economical.

关键词： DG Location Sizing FACTS ANN ANFIS

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Modeling of finite-size droplets and particles in multiphase flows

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2015年第4期28卷 974-982页

作者： prashant k.are Shanwu Wang Vigor Yang School of Aerospace Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

The conventional point-particle approach for treating the dispersed phase in a continuous flowfield is extended by taking into account the effect of finite particle size, using a Gaussian interpolation from Lagrangian points to the Eulerian *** inter-phase exchange terms in the conservation equations are distributed over the volume encompassing the particle size, as opposed to the Dirac delta function generally used in the point-particle *** proposed approach is benchmarked against three different flow configurations in a numerical framework based on large eddy simulation（LES） turbulence ***, the flow over a circular cylinder is simulated for a Reynolds number of 3900 at 1 atm *** show good agreement with experimental data for the mean streamwise velocity and the vortex shedding frequency in the wake *** calculated flowfield exhibits correct physics, which the conventional point-particle approach fails to *** second case deals with diesel jet injection in quiescent environment over a pressure range of 1.1–5.0 *** calculated jet penetration depth closely matches *** decreases with increasing chamber pressure, due to enhanced drag force in a denser fluid ***, water and acetone jet injection normal to air crossflow is studied at1 *** calculated jet penetration and Sauter mean diameter of liquid droplets compare very well with measurements.

关键词： Droplets Finite-size effects Large eddy simulation Multiphase flow Particle-laden flow

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Comparison of the chloride channel activator lubiprostone and the oral laxative Polyethylene Glycol 3350 on mucosal barrier repair in ischemic-injured porcine intestine

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第39期14卷 6012-6017页

作者： Adam J Moeser prashant k Nighot Birgit Roerig Ryuji Ueno Anthony T Blikslager Department of Population Health and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Department of Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleigh NC 27606United States Sucampo Pharmaceuticals IncBethesda MD 20814United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of lubiprostone and Polyethylene Glycol 3350 （PEG） on mucosal barrier repair in ischernic-injured porcine intestine. METHODS： Ileum from 6 piglets （approximately 15 kg body weight） was subjected to ischemic conditions by occluding the local rnesenteric circulation for 45 min in vivo. Ileal tissues from each pig were then harvested and mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed in oxygenated Ringer＇s solution in vitro. Intestinal barrier function was assessed by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance （TER） and mucosal-to-serosal fluxes of ^3H-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. Statistical analyses of data collected over a 120-min time course included 2-way ANOVA for the effects of time and treatment on indices of barrier function. RESULTS： Application of 1μmol/L lubiprostone to the rnucosal surface of ischemic-injured ileum in vitro induced significant elevations in TER compared to nontreated tissue. Lubiprostone also reduced mucosal-toserosal fluxes of ^3H-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. Alternatively, application of a polyethylene laxative （PEG, 20 rnmol/L） to the mucosal surface of ischernic tissues significantly increased flux of ^3H-rnannitol and ^14C-inulin. CONCLUSION： This experiment demonstrates that lubiprostone stimulates recovery of barrier function in ischemic intestinal tissues whereas the PEG laxative had deleterious effects on mucosal repair. These results suggest that, unlike osmotic laxatives, lubiprostone stimulates repair of the injured intestinal barrier.

关键词： Intestinal ischemia Barrier function Permeability Laxative Polyethylene Glycol

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