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Habitat Range of two Alpine Medicinal Plants in a Trans-Himalayan Dry Valley,Central Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat Babu SHRESTHA pramod kumar jha Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agro-technologies for *** this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare(Brühl) Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora(Pennel) Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang *** are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal *** occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090～4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while *** is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent *** soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon(OC), organic matter(OM), total nitrogen(N) and carbon to nitrogen(C/N) *** to cool and moist condition of *** habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the *** C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in *** habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N *** and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation of ***, while moist and cool site with organic soil for *** populations of both the plants are fragmented and *** to collection by human and tramplingdamage by livestock, the population of *** was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine *** ***, high probability of complete receding of small glaciers may be a new threat in future t

关键词：药用植物喜马拉雅干旱河谷尼泊尔高山生境中央联合国人居署

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Climate change and finger millet: Perception, trend and impact on yield in different ecological regions in Central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第4期16卷 821-835页

作者： Dol Raj LUITEL Mohan SIWAKOTI pramod kumar jha Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Department of Environment Ministry of Forests and Environment

The views of local people on climate change along different ecological regions are relatively unexplored in Nepal. This study was conducted in 13 villages in central Nepal at different altitudes to document the views of small holder farmers and compare their perception with trends of climatic variables, finger millet yield, natural disasters, plant phenology(flowering and fruiting), status of forest and wild life, as well as the spread of diseases and pests. Analysis on the climatic data of stations for 36-41 years between 1975 and 2016 showed significant increases in the minimum temperature in lower tropical climatic region(<500 m), upper tropical to subtropical climatic region(500-2000 m) and temperate climatic region(2000-3000 m) by 0.01, 0.026 and 0.054℃/year, respectively, and an increase of maximum temperature by 0.008, 0.018, and 0.019℃/year, respectively. Rainfall showed a strongly significant decreasing trend in all elevation regions. This result matches with the views of respondents except 38% respondent from temperate climatic region. People from the temperate climatic region also mentioned that current onset of snowfall is delayed but amount of snowfall remained the same. From the documented records, except events of wild fire, frequency of natural disasters events have increased in the recent years, which was in harmony with the views of local people. Multi-linear regression analysis showed that contribution of climatic variables on finger millet yield in lower tropical climatic region and upper tropical to subtropical regions was 23% and 57.3%, respectively, which was supported by increasing trend on average growing degree day(GDD) temperature at the rate of 0.01℃ in upper tropical to subtropical region and 0.007℃ in lower tropical climatic region yearly. Finger millet yield has been increasing at the rate of 7.39 and 36.9 kg/ha yearly in lower tropical climatic region and upper tropical to subtropical climatic region, respectively. This result provide

关键词： Climate change Growing degree days (GDD) Natural disaster Phenology Precipitation Small holder farmers

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Physico-Chemical Parameters of High-Altitude Rivers in the Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2013年第8期5卷 761-767页

作者： Narayan Prasad Ghimire pramod kumar jha Gianumberto Caravello Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Department of Environment Health and Hygiene Padova University Padova Italy

The aim of this research was to analyse physical and chemical characteristics of high altitude rivers of the Sagarmatha National Park, Khumbu region. The study was conducted for three years from 2008 to 2010 in the elevation 1900 m to 5300 m of the park. The study develops a database for monitoring high land rivers of Nepal. The river water quality in general still stands good in terms of standards for drinking water (WHO, Nepal standard) but degradation process has started. Certain changes in water quality parameters in water bodies on the major tourist treks have been recorded, mainly due to anthropogenic activities, particularly tourists and waste disposal. Total nitrogen in water samples is lower than the WHO standard but an increase in the nitrate nitrogen has been recorded comparison between 2008, 2009 and 2010 as well as when compared with earlier reports. Similarly total phosphorous value was also found increased annually as well as earlier reports. It is urgent need to check further degradation of river water quality. The outcomes of this research work would be a useful tool to manage the river water ecosystem in Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone.

关键词： Physico-Chemical Characteristics High Altitude Water Quality

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Water Quality of High-Altitude Lakes in the Sagarmatha (Everest) National Park, Nepal

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第7期4卷 22-28页

The aim of this research was to analyze physical and chemical characteristics of high altitude lakes (Gokyo lake series, Imja lake, Pyramid lake) of the Sagarmatha National Park, Khumbu region located above 4500 m altitude. The lake water was studied for three years (2008, 2009 and 2010) to compare the annual changes in the parameters. The findings created a database for present status of high land lakes of Nepal, which can be used for the management of lakes as well as to study the impact of tourism on water quality. The lake water quality in general still stands good in terms of standards for drinking water (WHO, Nepal standard) but degradation process has started. Total nitrogen in water samples was lower than the WHO standard but an increase in the nitrate nitrogen has been recorded. Similarly, total phosphorrous quality was also found increased.

关键词： Physico-Chemical Characteristics Water Quality Tourism High Altitudinal Lake

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Metals Assessments in the Water Bodies of Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2014年第2期6卷 68-74页

作者： Narayan Prasad Ghimire Bharat Babu Shrestha pramod kumar jha Gianumberto Caravello Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal Department of Environment health and hygiene Padova University Padova Italy

Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest) National Park (SNP) of Nepal is a popular international eco-touristic destination. In the last few years, tourist flow has increased tremendously generating anthropogenic pressure on natural environment. Generation of huge solid waste, open defecation and poor septic tank condition of toilets have been considered as the major sources of pollution to water bodies in the area. Heavy metals, such as cadmium, copper, lead, chromium and mercury, are important environmental pollutants, particularly in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces can cause serious problems to all organisms, and heavy metal bioaccumulation in the food chain especially can be highly dangerous to human health. Heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Mn, Fe and Zn) and metals (Na, Mg) were analyzed. Thirty nine (13 samples in each year) water samples were collected from river and springs to assess the water quality in the SNP and its buffer zone. Water quality in the SNP has been found degraded in terms of heavy metals;particularly Na and Mg contents were found higher when compared with the earlier report. Iron content in 46% samples was found more than WHO and Nepalese standard for drinking water. The river water quality in general still stands good in terms of standard for drinking water (WHO, Nepal standard) however degradation process has accelerated.

关键词： Water Quality Solid Waste Tourism Open Defecation Anthropogenic Pressure Poor Septic Tank

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Predicting suitable habitat of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus under future climate scenarios in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第10期16卷 2243-2256页

作者： MAHARJAN Seerjana SHRESTHA Bharat Babu JOSHI Mohan Dev DEVKOTA Anjana MUNIAPPAN Rangaswamy ADIGA Abhijin jha pramod kumar Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal Department of Plant Resources ThapathaliKathmanduNepal IPM Innovation Lab Virginia Tech526Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061USA Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative University of VirginiaUSA

Chitwan-Annapuma Landscape(CHAL)in central Nepal is known for its rich biodiversity and the landscape is expected to provide corridors for species range shift in response to climate *** assessments have identified biological invasions and other anthropogenic activities as major threats to the biodiversity in the *** of the rapidly spreading Invasive Alien Plant species(IAPs)in the CHAL is Parthenium hysterophorus L.,a neotropical invasive weed of global *** study aimed to investigate the current and future projected suitable habitat of *** in the CHAL using MaxEnt modelling in three'Representative Concentration Pathways'(RCPs 2.6,4.5 and 8.5)corresponding to different greenhouse gases emissiontrajectories for the year 2050 and 2070.A total of 288species occurrence points,six bioclimatic variablesmean diurnal range,isothermality,annual precipitation,precipitation of driest month,precipitation seasonality,precipitation of driest quarter and two topographic variables(aspect and slope)were selected for MaxEnt *** range shift in terms of increase or decline in the suitable habitat areas under the projected scenarios were *** and annual precipitation were the most important variables that explained the current distribution of *** percent of the total area of CHAL was predicted to be suitable habitat for the growth of *** in the current climatic *** gain in the suitable habitat of this noxious weed was found under RCP 4.5 scenario in 2050 and *** there will be a loss in thesuitable habitat under RCP 8.5 scenario in 2050 *** of four physiographic regions present in CHAL,three regions-Siwalik,Middle Mountain and High Mountain have suitable habitat for *** under current climatic *** mountainous region is likely to be affected more than the Siwalik region by further spread of *** in the future under low(R

关键词： Parthenium weed Ecological Niche Model MaxEnt Invasive species Habitat suitability

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