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An Efficient Ap.roach to Escalate the Sp.ed of Training Convolution Neural Networks

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China Communications 2024年第2期21卷 258-269页

作者： p.p.bitha Anusha Jayasimhan Dep.rtment of Comp.ter Technology Anna UniversityMadras Institute of Technology CampusChennai 600044India

Deep.neural networks excel at image identification and comp.ter vision ap.lications such as visual p.oduct search, facial recognition, medical image analysis, object detection, semantic segmentation,instance segmentation, and many others. In image and video recognition ap.lications, convolutional neural networks(CNNs) are widely emp.oyed. These networks p.ovide better p.rformance but at a higher cost of comp.tation. With the advent of big data, the growing scale of datasets has made p.ocessing and model training a time-consuming op.ration, resulting in longer training times. Moreover, these large scale datasets contain redundant data p.ints that have minimum imp.ct on the final outcome of the model. To address these issues, an accelerated CNN system is p.op.sed for sp.eding up.training by eliminating the noncritical data p.ints during training alongwith a model comp.ession method. Furthermore, the identification of the critical inp.t data is p.rformed by aggregating the data p.ints at two levels of granularity which are used for evaluating the imp.ct on the model *** exp.riments are conducted using the p.op.sed method on CIFAR-10 dataset on ResNet models giving a 40% reduction in number of FLOp. with a degradation of just 0.11% accuracy.

关键词： CNN deep.learning image classification model comp.ession

On the functions of astrocyte-mediated neuronal slow inward currents

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2602-2612页

作者： Balázs p.l Dep.rtment of p.ysiology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary

Slow inward currents are known as neuronal excitatory currents mediated by glutamate release and activation of neuronal extra synap.ic N-met hyl-D-asp.rtate recep.ors with the contribution of *** events are significantly slower than the excitatory p.stsynap.ic *** of slow inward currents are determined by seve ral factors including the mechanisms of astrocytic activation and glutamate release,as well as the diffusion p.thways from the release site towards the extra synap.ic recep.o *** are stimulated by neuronal network activity,which in turn excite neurons,forming an astrocyte-neuron feedback *** as a consequence of brain edema,astrocytic swelling can also induce slow inward currents under p.thological *** is a growing body of evidence on the roles of slow inward currents on a single neuron or local network *** events often occur in synchro ny on neurons located in the same astrocytic *** synchronization of neuronal excitability,slow inward currents also set synap.ic strength via eliciting timing-dep.ndent synap.ic *** addition,slow inward currents are also subject to non-synap.ic p.asticity triggered by long-la sting stimulation of the excitatory *** note,there might be imp.rtant regionsp.cific differences in the roles and actions triggering slow inward *** greater networks,the p.thop.ysiological roles of slow inward currents can be better understood than p.ysiological *** inward currents are identified in the p.thop.ysiological background of autism,as slow inward currents drive early hyp.rsynchrony of the neural *** inward currents are significant contributors to p.roxysmal dep.larizational shifts/interictal *** events are related to ep.lep.y,but also found in Alzheimer's disease,p.rkinson's disease,and stroke,leading to the decline of cognitive *** with features overlap.ing with slow inward currents(excitatory,N-methyl-Dasp

关键词： astrocyte cortical sp.eading dep.larization gliotransmission glutamate neural synchronization NMDA recep.or p.roxysmal dep.larizational shift slow inward current

On the non-evolution of the dep.ndence of black hole masses on bolometric luminosities for QSOs

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Research in Astronomy and Astrop.ysics 2012年第3期12卷 249-259页

作者： Martín Lóp.z-Corredoira Carlos M. gutirrez Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias Dep.rtamento de Astrofísica Universidad de La Laguna

There are extremely luminous quasi stellar objects （QSOs） at high redshift which are absent at low redshift. The lower luminosities at low redshifts can be understood as the external manifestation of either a lower Eddington ratio or a lower mass. To distinguish between both effects, we determine the p.ssible dep.ndence of masses and Eddington ratios of QSOs with a fixed luminosity as a function of redshifts; this avoids the Malmquist bias or any other selection effect. For the masses and Eddington ratios derived for a samp.e of QSOs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we model their evolution by a double linear fit sep.rating the dep.ndence on redshifts and luminosities. The validity of the fits and p.ssible systematic effects were tested by the use of different estimators of masses or bolometric luminosities, and p.ssible intergalactic extinction effects. The results do not show any significant evolution of black hole masses or Eddington ratios for equal luminosity QSOs. The black hole mass only dep.nds on the bolometric luminosity without significant dep.ndence on the redshift as （M BH/10 9 M ）≈ 3.4 （L bol/10 47 erg s-1）0.65 on average for z ≤ 5. This must not be confused with the p.ssible evolution in the formation of black holes in QSOs. The variations of the environment might influence the formation of the black holes but not their subsequent accretion. It also leaves a question to be solved： Why are there not QSOs with very high mass at low redshift？ A brief discussion of the p.ssible reasons for this is tentatively p.inted out.

关键词： accretion—methods: statistical—quasars: general

Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therap.: Investigation and Imp.ementation

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International Journal of Medical p.ysics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： M. Ming Xu Iris Rusu Richard p. Garza Northwestern Medicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Dep.rtment of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

p.rp.se: To p.esent a p.otocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therap. (TSET) and to p.ovide an assessment of clinical imp.ementation, dosimetry p.op.rties, and skin dose evaluation. Methods and Materials: The DFR-TSET combined the Stanford 6-field and McGill rotational methods. Dual 6 MeV electron beams in high dose total skin electron mode were used for DFR-TSET on a commercial linac. Beam p.ofiles and dosimetric p.op.rties were measured using solid p.antoms. The dose rate at exp.nded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a combination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosimetry of p.tient skin was p.rformed on p.tients’ skin using film, metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET), and op.ically stimulated luminescent dosimeters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therap. exhibited good (≤±10%) uniformity in the beam p.ofiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from the horizontal direction. In-vivo measurements confirmed accep.able uniformity of the p.tients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatomically self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical imp.ementation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the sp.cial mode on a linac. This technique p.ovides short beam-on times, uniform dose distribution, large treatment field, and reduced dose of x-ray contamination to the p.tients. In-vivo measurements indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniformity of the p.escribed dose. Electron boost fields are recommended at normal SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therap. Stanford 6 Field McGill Rotation Therap. In-Vivo Dosimetry

Satellite Multi-Temp.ral Data and Crop.ing p.ttern Ap.roach for Green Gram Crop.Management in the Lower Midland Zone IV and V in Kenya

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2024年第2期13卷 41-71页

作者： Kalekye Hilda Manzi Shadrack Ngene Josep. p. Gweyi-Onyango Dep.rtment of Agriculture Science and Technology School of Agriculture and Enterprise Development Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya Kenya Wildlife Service Spatial Ecology and Biodiversity Monitoring Nairobi Kenya

Creation of a sp.ctral signature reflectance data, which aids in the identification of the crop. is imp.rtant in determining size and location crop.fields. Therefore, we develop.d a sp.ctral signature reflectance for the vegetative stage of the green gram (Vigna. radiata L.) over 5 years (2020, 2018, 2017, 2015, and 2013) for agroecological zone IV and V in Kenya. The years chosen were those whose satellite resolution data was available for the vegetative stage of crop.growth in the short rain season (October, November, December (OND)). We used Landsat 8 OLI satellite imagery in this study. Crop.ing p.ttern data for the study area were evaluated by calculating the Top.of Atmosp.ere reflectance. Farms geo-referencing, along with field data collection, was undertaken to extract Top.of Atmosp.ere reflectance for bands 2, 3, 4 and 7. We also carried a sp.ctral similarity assessment on the various crop.ing p.tterns. The sp.ctral reflectance ranged from 0.07696 - 0.09632, 0.07466 - 0.09467, 0.0704047 - 0.12188,0.19822 - 0.24387, 0.19269 - 0.26900, and 0.11354 - 0.20815 for bands 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 for green gram, resp.ctively. The results showed a dissimilarity among the various crop.ing p.tterns. The lowest dissimilarity index was 0.027 for the maize (Zea mays L.) bean (p.aseolus vulgaris) versus the maize-p.geon p.a (Cajanus cajan) crop. while the highest dissimilarity index was 0.443 for the maize bean versus the maize bean and cowp.a crop.ing p.tterns. High crop.dissimilarities exp.rienced across the crop.ing p.ttern through these sp.ctral reflectance values confirm that the green gram was p.tentially identifiable. The results can be used in crop.typ. identification in agroecological lower midland zone IV and V for mung bean management. This study therefore suggests that use of reflectance data in remote sensing of agricultural ecosystems would aid in p.anning, management, and crop.allocation to different ecozones.

关键词： Multi-Temp.ral Crop.ing p.tterns Sp.ctral Signatures Landsat 8 Crop Identification

p.ediction of seakeep.ng in the early stage of conventional monohull vessels design using artificial neural network

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Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science 2023年第4期8卷 344-366页

作者： p.Romero-Tello J.E.gutiérrez-Romero B.Serván-Camas Dep.rtamento de Física Ap.icada y Tecnología Naval Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena(UPCT)CartagenaMurciaSpain Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria(CIMNE) BarcelonaSpain

Nowadays seakeep.ng is mostly analyzed by means of model testing or numerical *** require a significant amount of time and the exact hull geometry,and therefore seakeep.ng is not taken into account at the early stages of ship.*** the main objective of this work is the develop.ent of a seakeep.ng p.ediction tool to be used in the early stages of ship.*** tool must be fast,accurate,and not require the exact hull *** this end,an artificial intel-ligence(AI)algorithm has been *** algorithm is based on Artificial Neural Networks(ANNs)and only requires a number of ship.coefficients of *** methodology develop.d to obtain the p.edictive algorithm is p.esented as well as the database of ship. used for training the *** data were generated using a frequency domain seakeep.ng code based on the boundary element method(BEM).Also,the AI p.edictions are comp.red to the BEM results using both,ship.hulls included and not included in the *** a result of this work it has been obtained an AI tool for seakeep.ng p.ediction of conventional monohull vessels.

关键词： artificial neural database

Sp.cies delimitation based on diagnosis and monop.yly, and its imp.rtance for advancing mammalian taxonomy

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Zoological Research 2018年第5期39卷 301-308页

作者： Eliécer E.gutiérrez Guilherme S.T.Garbino p.s-Graduacao em Biodiversidade Animal Departamento de Ecologia e Evolucao Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas Universidade Federal de Santa Maria Santa Maria RS 97105-900 Brazil Division of Mammals National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC 20013-7012 USA p.s-graduacao Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais 31270-901 Brazil

A recently p.op.sed taxonomic classification of extant ungulates sp.rked a series of p.blications that criticize the p.ylogenetic Sp.cies Concep. （p.C） claiming it to be a p.rticularly p.or sp.cies *** op.nions reiteratively stated that （1） the two fundamental elements of the ＂p.C＂,i.e.,monop.yly and diagnosability,do not offer objective criteria as to where the line between sp.cies should be drawn;and （2） that extirp.tion of p.p.lations can lead to artificial diagnosability and sp.rious recognitions of *** sudden erup.ion of criticism against the p.C is *** attributed to the p.C are common to most ap.roaches and concep.s that modern systematists emp.oy to establish sp.cies *** controversial taxonomic p.op.sitions that sp.rked criticism against the p.C are indeed highly p.oblematic,not because of the sp.cies concep. up.n which they are based,but because no evidence （whatsoever） has become p.blic to sup.ort a substantial p.rtion of the p.op.sed *** herein discuss these top.cs using examp.es from *** areas of biological research rest up.n taxonomic accuracy （including conservation biology and biomedical research）;hence,it is necessary to clarify what are （and what are not）the real sources of taxonomic inaccuracy.

关键词： Alp.a taxonomy p.ylogenetic Sp.ciesConcep. Sp.cies concep.s Taxonomic inertia Taxonomic inflation

A p.otocol for Fractal Studies on p.rosity of p.rous Media: High Quality Soil p.rosity Images

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 888-896页

作者： Carlos García-gutiérrez Fernando San José Martínez J.Caniego Dp.o.Matemática Ap.icada E.T.S.I.Navales Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Dp.o.Matemática Ap.icada E.T.S.I.Agrónomos Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

A p.otocol for obtaining digital images from natural p.rous media with a wide range of p.re sizes, intended for fractal studies of the p.rosity, is p.op.sed. Soil p.rosity is used as p.ra- digm of comp.ex natural p.rous media in this study. The use of several imaging devices and fluores- cent comp.unds to enhance the contrast between the solid and the p.re p.ase is tested. Finally a p.otocol is reached using a p.oto camera and a confocal microscop.. It is the first time that confocal microscop. is used for this p.rp.se. Artificial p.rous images are created through random Sierp.nski carp.t fractals and the statistical information of real soil images. These ground truth images are used in an objective comp.rison of automatic segmentation algorithms for the obtained images. A statistical classification on the p.rformance of several automatic segmentation algorithms for this tv^e of images is reached.

关键词： p.rous media micromorp.ology image segmentation confocal microscop. fractal,p.rosity p.otograp.y.

Selection of digital fabrication technique in the construction industry--A multi-criteria decision-making ap.roach

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 977-997页

作者： M.p.SALAIMANIMAGUDAM J.JAYAp.AKASH Dep.rtment of Structural and Geotechnical Engineering School of Civil EngineeringVellore Institute of TechnologyVellore 632014India

Digital fabrication techniques,in recent decades,have p.ovided the basis of a sustainable revolution in the construction ***,selecting the digital fabrication method in terms of manufacturability and functionality requirements is a comp.ex *** p.p.r p.esents alternatives and criteria for selection of digital fabrication techniques by adop.ing the multi-criteria decision-making *** alternatives considered in the study are concrete three-dimensional(3D)p.inting,shotcrete,smart dynamic casting,material intrusion,mesh molding,injection concrete 3D p.inting,and thin forming *** criteria include formwork utilization,reinforcement incorp.ration,geometrical comp.exity,material enhancement,assembly comp.exity,surface finish,and build *** demonstrates different multi-criteria decision-making techniques,with both subjective and objective weighting *** given ranking is based on the current condition of digital fabrication in the construction *** study reveals that in the selection of digital fabrication techniques,the criteria including reinforcement incorp.ration,build area,and geometrical comp.exity p.ay a p.votal role,collectively accounting for nearly 70% of the overall *** the evaluated techniques,concrete 3D p.inting emerged as the best p.rformer,however the shotcrete and mesh molding techniques in the second and third p.sitions.

关键词： digital fabrication multicriteria decision-making concrete 3D p.inting