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Sarawak River Flow Behaviour after Matang Bypass channel Construction during Low Tide Using InfoWorks River Simulation (RS)

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第1期12卷 36-48页

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Mei Yun Chin Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia

Flood is occurring more frequently in Kuching nowadays due to the impact of climate change and rapid urbanization. The only discharge outlet for Sarawak River Basin currently is at Kuching Barrage and Shiplock. Sarawak State Government had decided to build Matang Bypass channel from Sarawak River’s “Oxbow” to Batang Salak River for mitigating the flooding issues within Sarawak River Basin. Matang Bypass channel had a bottom width of 250 m, 500 m reserve width and 8 Km in length. Flow behaviour with two discharge outlets during low tides are unknown yet. Therefore, this research is carried out to study Sarawak River flow behaviour after construction of Matang Bypass channel using InfoWorks River Simulation (RS). Rainfall data used is January 2018. Four scenarios investigated are 1) Open two gates at Matang Bypass channel opens and all gates at Kuching Barrage, 2) Open all gates at Matang Bypass channel and Kuching Barrage, 3) Open gates at Matang Bypass channel, but close all gates at Kuching Barrage, 4) Close all gates at Matang Bypass channel, but open all gates at Kuching Barrage. Results revealed that when water gates are opened, sea water has the potential to backflow into Sarawak River basin through Kuching Barrage since sea level at Kuching Barrage discharge outlet is always 0.5 m higher than Matang Bypass channel discharge outlet. When the gates at Matang Bypass channel are fully opened and Kuching Barrage are closed, Kuching Barrage will retain the excess water and the river water will only be discharged into ocean through Matang Bypass channel. In contrast, as the gates at Matang Bypass channel are closed and at Kuching Barrage are fully opened, Matang Bypass channel will store the excess water and river water will be discharged through Kuching Barrage alone.

关键词： River Flow Behaviour Matang Bypass channel Kuching Barrage and Shiplock

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Evaluation of “C” Values to Head Loss and Water Pressure Due to Pipe Aging: Case Study of Uni-Central Sarawak

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2020年第12期12卷 1077-1088页

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Danny Chee Ming Ting Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia

Samarahan has transformed from a small village into education hub for the past 2 decades. Rapid development and population growth had led to speedy growth in water demand. The situation is getting worse as the pipes are deteriorating due to pipe aging. Therefore, there is a need to study the adequacy of water supply and relationships among roughness coefficient (C) values in Hazen Williams’ Equation with head loss and water pressure due to pipe aging at Uni-Central, a residential area located at Samarahan Sarawak. Investigations were carried out with Ductile Iron, Abestos Cement and Cast Iron pipes at age categories of 0 - 10 years, 10 - 30 years, 30 - 50 years, 50 - 70 years and >70 years. Six critical nodes named as A, B, C, D, E and F were identified to study the water pressure and head loss. Model was developed with InfoWorks Water Supply (WS) Pro software. The impact of pipe aging and materials to water pressure and head loss was not significant at Nodes A, B, C and F. However, max water pressure at Nodes D and F were only reaching 6.30 m and 7.30 m, respectively for all investigations. Therefore, some improvement works are required. Results also show that Asbestos Cement pipe has the least impact on the head loss and water pressure, followed by Ductile Iron pipe and lastly Cast Iron pipe. Simulation results also revealed that older pipes have higher roughness coefficients, indicated with lower “C” values, thus increase the head loss and reduce the water pressure. In contrast, as “C” values increased, head loss will be reduced and water pressure will be increased.

关键词： InfoWorks Water Supply (WS) Pro Pressure Head Hazen-Williams Equation Head Loss

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Green Roof Performance for Stormwater Management in Equatorial Urban Areas Using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2023年第12期15卷 706-720页

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Mei Yun Chin Md. Rezaur Rahman Muhammad Khusairy Bakri Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Sarawak Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia Faculty of Engineering Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Sarawak Malaysia Composites Materials and Engineering Center Washington State University Pullman WA USA

Many Low Impact Developments (LIDs) have recently been developed as a sustainable integrated strategy for managing the quantity and quality of stormwater and surrounding amenities. Previous research showed that green roof is one of the most promising LIDs for slowing down rainwater, controlling rainwater volume, and enhancing rainwater quality by filtering and leaching contaminants from the substrate. However, there is no guideline for green roof design in Malaysia. Hence, Investigating the viability of using green roofs to manage stormwater and address flash flood hazards is urgently necessary. This study used the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to evaluate the effectiveness of green roof in managing stormwater and improving rainwater quality. The selected study area is the multistory car park (MSCP) rooftop at Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus. Nine green roof models with different configurations were created. Results revealed that the optimum design of a green roof is 100 mm of berm height, 150 mm of soil thickness, and 50 mm of drainage mat thickness. With the ability to reduce runoff generation by 26.73%, reduce TSS by 89.75%, TP by 93.07%, TN by 93.16%, and improved BOD by 81.33%. However, pH values dropped as low as 5.933 and became more acidic due to the substrates in green roof. These findings demonstrated that green roofs improve water quality, able to temporarily store excess rainfall and it is very promising and sustainable tool in managing stormwater.

关键词： Green Roof Low Impact Development (LID) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) Storage Capacity pollutants Removal

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Effectiveness of Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant in Removing Emerging Contaminants: A Case Study at Kuching, Malaysia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2022年第9期14卷 650-663页

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Md. Rezaur Rahman Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri Mei Yun Chin Faculty of Engineering Computing and Science Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus Kuching Malaysia Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia Faculty of Engineering University Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia Composites Materials and Engineering Center Washington State University Pullman USA

Before the construction of the Kuching Centralized Wastewater Treatment System Package 1 (KCWTSP1), partially treated blackwater and greywater were discharged directly into natural waterways. The accumulated wastewater had polluted Sarawak river, which is regulated and cannot discharge freely into the South China Sea. The polluted Sarawak river has endangered human health, river water quality, and aquatic ecosystems. Hence, the KCWTSP1 commissioned in 2015 serves the purpose of removing pollutants from wastewater before it is discharged into natural waterways. However, the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 is unknown. This paper is aimed to discuss and review the effectiveness of KCWTPP1 in treating wastewater since its inception in 2015. From 2017 to 2020, KCWTPP1 has treated an average of 4,200,000 m3 of wastewater per year. Generally, most of the discharge effluent met Environmental Quality Act (1974) Standard A criteria, except for the oil and grease parameter. Initially, the plant could not treat suspended solids and total phosphorus, but this was greatly improved in subsequent years. Therefore, some improvements are required to treat oil and grease parameters effectively and efficiently to ensure that only Standard A effluent is discharged into the Sarawak River in the future.

关键词： Kuching Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant Package 1 Primary Treatment Secondary Treatment Tertiary Treatment Effluent

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Sarawak River Flow Behaviour after Matang Bypass channel Construction during Low Tide Using InfoWorks River Simulation (RS)

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2021年第1期

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Mei Yun Chin

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Green Roof Performance for Stormwater Management in Equatorial Urban Areas Using Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2023年第12期

作者： King Kuok Kuok po chan chiu Mei Yun Chin Md. Rezaur Rahman Muhammad Khusairy Bakri

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Effectiveness of Centralized Wastewater Treatment Plant in Removing Emerging Contaminants: A Case Study at Kuching, Malaysia

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection（水资源与保护） 2022年第9期

作者： king kuok kuok po chan chiu md. rezaur rahman muhammad khusairy bin bakri mei yun chin

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Teaching chronic obstructive airway disease patients using a metered-dose inhaler

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第19期119卷 1669-1672页

作者： Ho-Hoi Luk po-May chan Fong-Fong Lam Kit-Yu Lau Sze-Yee chiu Yuet-Ling Fung Janet Pang Department of Pharmacy Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong China Department of General Out-patient Tung Wah Hospital Hong Kong China

Asthma and chronic obstructive airway disease ,（COAD） are chronic inflammatory disorders of the airways which are usually associated with widespread airway obstruction that is often relieved by treatment. β2-adrenoreceptor agonists and corticosteriods are the mainstay of the management of this disease. The preferred route of administration of these agents is by inhalation. This allows the drug to be delivered directly to the airway with more rapid relief and fewer side effects than systemic route. The main disadvantage of metered-dose inhaler （MDI） use is that the correct use requires good technique;

关键词： chronic obstructive airway disease metered-dose inhaler patient education

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Schisandrin B decreases the sensitivity of mitochondria to calcium ioninduced permeability transition and protects against ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat hearts

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2007年第10期28卷 1559-1565页

作者： po-yee chiu Hoi-yan LEUNG Ada HL SIU Michel KTpoON Kam-ming KO Department of Biochemistry Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China

Aim:In order to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the cardioprotectionafforded by schisandrin B （Sch B）,the effect of Sch B treatment on the sensitivityof mitochondria to Ca2+-stimulated permeability transition （PT） was investigatedin rat hearts under normal and ischemia-reperfusion （I-R） ***:Myocardial I-R injury caused an increase in the sensitivity of mitochondria toCa2+-stimulated PT in *** enhanced sensitivity to mitochondrial PT wasassociated with increases in mitochondrial Ca2+content as well as the extent ofreactive oxidant species production in vitro and cytochrome c release in *** cardioprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment against I-R-induced injurywas paralleled by the decrease in the sensitivity of myocardial mitochondria toCa2+-stimulated PT,particularly under I-R ***:The resultssuggest that Sch B treatment increases the resistance of myocardial mitochondriato Ca2+-stimulated PT and protects against I-R-induced tissue injury.

关键词： schisandrin B mitochondria permeability transition calcium myocardial ischemiareperfusion

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Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease secondary to measles in an immunocompetent infant

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3948-3950页

作者： Chao-Ming Hung po-Huang Lee Hui-Ming Lee Chong-Chi chiu Department of General Surgery E-Da Cancer HospitalKaohsiung 82445Taiwan College of Medicine I-Shou UniversityKaohsiung 82445Taiwan Department of Surgery E-Da HospitalKaohsiung 82445Taiwan School of Medicine College of MedicineI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung 82445Taiwan

Yang et al reported an immunocompetent infant with gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease secondary to measles *** express our opinion about the diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease.

关键词： Gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus disease Measles Diarrhea Immunocompetent infant Rare disease

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