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论美国民族认同的内在悖论及其当代困境

外语研究 2024年第4期41卷 88-97页

作者：王萍国防科技大学外国语学院江苏南京210039

美国国内政治当前面临的极化现象背后反映的是美国民族认同危机。长期以来,美国被认为是一个建立在自由、民主、平等等“美国信条”原则之上,典型的以政治民族认同为基础的民族国家。然而,自美国建国以来持续存在的种族问题却成为“美... 详细信息

美国国内政治当前面临的极化现象背后反映的是美国民族认同危机。长期以来,美国被认为是一个建立在自由、民主、平等等“美国信条”原则之上,典型的以政治民族认同为基础的民族国家。然而,自美国建国以来持续存在的种族问题却成为“美国信条”的反面例证。通过对比美国历史发展过程中政治认同与族群认同的现实表现与相互作用,本文认为政治认同和族群认同均为美国民族认同中不容忽视的部分,前者长期以来作为显性的存在,而后者则主要居于隐匿状态。1960年代的民权运动及之后全球化的不断推进让部分美国白人自认为既有利益受到严重损害,开始将隐性的族群认同推上前台,要求代替原有的“美国信条”成为新的美国显性认同;而面对保守派的挑战,进步主义者也开始更多地强调族群“身份”。曾经的“美国信条”大有被双方抛弃之势。摆脱这一状态的唯一出路就是双方均需走出对族群差异的强调而重新拥抱纯粹意义上的“美国信条”,尽管这一过程将充满挑战。

关键词：美国信条族群认同悖论困境

新质生产力条件下的新型生产关系:塑造与调适

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当代经济研究 2024年第7期 5-15,F0003页

作者：王平甘肃政法大学商学院兰州730070

新质生产力的提出,贯彻和践行了马克思主义唯物史观和辩证法思想,是马克思主义中国化的重要成果。根据生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动规律,新质生产力发展必须有与之相适应的新型生产关系,需要对生产、流通、分配及消费诸环节的生产关系进... 详细信息

新质生产力的提出,贯彻和践行了马克思主义唯物史观和辩证法思想,是马克思主义中国化的重要成果。根据生产力与生产关系的矛盾运动规律,新质生产力发展必须有与之相适应的新型生产关系,需要对生产、流通、分配及消费诸环节的生产关系进行塑造与调适以适应新质生产力的发展。从生产环节看,在劳劳关系中要注意劳动者“核心化”与“边缘化”倾向,劳资关系中要约束资本对劳动的控制;从流通环节看,要着重注意平台经济对劳动者的过分控制,增强普通劳动者的话语权;从分配环节看,要调整要素分配比例,对劳动者数字贡献予以确认;从消费环节看,要关注数字贫困,缩小数字鸿沟,实现消费正义。新型生产关系的调适路径可从要素权属界定、普通劳动者适应新质生产力能力培养、劳动者权利保护、新时代分配制度立体发展等方面入手进行相应的制度建设。

关键词：新质生产力新型生产关系数据要素平台经济调适

超说明书用药的医学伦理审查必要性探究——以《中华人民共和国医师法》为视角

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医学与哲学 2024年第15期45卷 36-41页

作者：王萍北京中医药大学人文学院北京100029

我国《中华人民共和国医师法》首次在立法上对医师超说明书用药给予合法性确认,但未明晰其是否需要医学伦理审查才能适用。从以下四个维度论证医学伦理审查并非超说明书用药的必备前置程序:现行法律规范并未有强制性要求;行业并未形成... 详细信息

我国《中华人民共和国医师法》首次在立法上对医师超说明书用药给予合法性确认,但未明晰其是否需要医学伦理审查才能适用。从以下四个维度论证医学伦理审查并非超说明书用药的必备前置程序:现行法律规范并未有强制性要求;行业并未形成统一共识与规则;比较法考察不能提供参考与支撑;从风险视角审视,超说明书用药所涉利益群体明确,风险相对可控。但是,超说明书用药对患者而言仍有一定风险,因此应当严格遵守法律要求,限定在尚无有效或更好治疗手段等特殊情况下,明晰患者受益大于风险、坚守充分的知情同意、有循证医学支撑和经过医院内部审核等才能适用。

关键词：超说明书用药医学伦理审查《中华人民共和国医师法》

Amygdalin ameliorates apoptosis and imbalance of osteogenic/lipogenic homeostasis caused by NOX4/ROS/p38MAPK signaling activation to treat glucocorticoid-associated necrosis of the femoral head

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Huihui Xu Kai'ao Zou Haipeng Huang Qinghe Zeng Xu wang ping'er wang Wenhua Yuan Luwei Xiao Jiali Chen Peijian Tong Hongting Jin he First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine) The First College of Clinical Medicine Zhejiang Chinese Medical University Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology of Zhejiang Province

The study aimed to explore the efficacy and potential mechanisms of a naturally aromatic cyanogenic compound-amygdalin (AMY) in treating glucocorticoid (GC)-associated necrosis of the femoral head (GANFH). We demonstrated that GC exacerbates the oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment via promoting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression in human， rat， and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) samples， thus generating excessive ROS， leading to increased apoptosis and unbalanced osteolipogenic differentiation. Furthermore， computational docking results revealed that AMY could bind specifically to the predicted binding sites of NOX4. Additionally， AMY ameliorated the OS microenvironment of MSCs via decreasing NOX4 expression and inhibiting NOX4/ROS/p38MAPK signaling， thereby reversing the GC-induced apoptosis and imbalanced osteolipogenic differentiation， and ultimately alleviating GANFH. In summary， we demonstrated for the first time that AMY attenuated apoptosis and maintained osteolipogenic differentiation balance in MSCs via specifically targeting NOX4， inhibiting NOX4/ROS/p38MAPK signaling， thereby treating GANFH.

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Gastrointestinal manifestations of critical ill heatstroke patients and their associations with outcomes:A multicentre,retrospective,observational study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第4期30卷 346-366页

作者： Yu-Cong wang Xin-Yang Jin Zheng Lei Xiao-Jiao Liu Yu Liu Bang-Guo Zhang Jian Gong Lie-Tao wang Lv-Yuan Shi Ding-Yuan Wan Xin Fu Lu-ping wang Ai-Jia Ma Yi-Song Cheng Jing Yang Min He Xiao-Dong Jin Yan Kang Bo wang Zhong-Wei Zhang Qin Wu Department of Critical Care Medicine West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina School of Pharmacy Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Department of Critical Care Medicine The First People's Hospital of Ziyang CityZiyang 641399Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine The First People's Hospital of Guanghan CityChengdu 618399Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Lezhi County Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChengdu 641599Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Chengdu Qingbaijiang District People's HospitalChengdu 610399Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Critical Care Medicine Ziyang People's HospitalChengdu 641399Sichuan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Extreme heat exposure is a growing health problem,and the effects of heat on the gastrointestinal(GI)tract is *** study aimed to assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on *** To assess the incidence of GI symptoms associated with heatstroke and its impact on *** Patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU)due to heatstroke were included from 83 *** history,laboratory results,and clinically relevant outcomes were recorded at ICU admission and daily until up to day 15,ICU discharge,or *** symptoms,including nausea/vomiting,diarrhoea,flatulence,and bloody stools,were *** characteristics of patients with heatstroke concomitant with GI symptoms were *** regression analyses were performed to determine significant predictors of GI *** A total of 713 patients were included in the final analysis,of whom 132(18.5%)patients had at least one GI symptom during their ICU stay,while 26(3.6%)suffered from more than one *** with GI symptoms had a significantly higher ICU stay compared with those *** mortality of patients who had two or more GI symptoms simultaneously was significantly higher than that in those with one GI *** logistic regression analysis revealed that older patients with a lower GCS score on admission were more likely to experience GI *** The GI manifestations of heatstroke are common and appear to impact clinically relevant hospitalization outcomes.

关键词： Extreme heat Flatulence Sunstroke Intensive care units Diarrhea

Recent advances in chemical protein synthesis:method developments and biological applications

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1060-1096页

作者： Suwei Dong Ji-Shen Zheng Yiming Li Huan wang Gong Chen Yongxiang Chen Gemin Fang Jun Guo Chunmao He Honggang Hu Xuechen Li Yanmei Li Zigang Li Man Pan Shan Tang Changlin Tian ping wang Bian Wu Chuanliu Wu Junfeng Zhao Lei Liu State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and School of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100191China Division of Life Sciences and Medicine University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China School of Food and Biological Engineering Engineering Research Center of Bio-processMinistry of EducationHefei University of TechnologyHefei 230009China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry Nankai UniversityTianjin 300071China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Health Sciences Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China College of Chemistry Central China Normal UniversityWuhan 430079China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640China School of Medicine or Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China Department of Chemistry The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China Shenzhen Graduate School Peking UniversityShenzhen 518055China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China School of Life Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Chemical Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Department of Chemistry Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China School of Pharmaceutical Science Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436China

The central dogma of modern biology underscores the pivotal roles proteins play in diverse biological processes,the study of which necessitates advanced methods to produce proteins with precision and *** protein synthesis,a powerful approach utilizing chemical reactions for the de novo construction of structurally accurate proteins,has emerged as a transformative tool for studying proteins and generating protein derivatives/mimics inaccessible by natural biological machinery,including post-translationally modified proteins,proteins comprised of unnatural amino acids,as well as mirror-image *** review summarizes recent strides in synthetic method developments for chemical protein synthesis,including innovative techniques in solid-phase peptide synthesis,the challenges presented by difficult sequences in either synthesis or folding and the exploration of novel ligation reactions using both chemical and enzymatic ***,the review also delves into newly developed protocols for site-selective protein modifications and the generation of stapled or macrocyclized peptides/miniproteins,highlighting the power of chemical methods to make structurally diverse *** applications of synthetic proteins in investigating post-translational modifications(phosphorylation,lipidation,glycosylation,ubiquitination,etc.),mirror-image biological processes and drug development are further ***,these topics provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of chemical protein synthesis.

关键词： chemical protein synthesis solid-phase peptide synthesis ligation reactions post-translational modifications mirror-image proteins peptide drugs

Proteomics for early prenatal screening of gestational diabetes mellitus

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第26期12卷 5850-5853页

作者： Liang Wu Xiu-ping wang Yun-Xia Zhu Yan-ping Tan Chun-Ming Li Department of Dermatology The Second Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Department of Dermatology Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health HospitalNanchang 330000Jiangxi ProvinceChina

In this editorial,we comment on the article by Cao et *** applying isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification technology coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,the researchers observed significant differential expression of 47 proteins when comparing serum samples from pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)to the healthy *** symptoms may involve abnormalities in inflammatory response,complement system,coagulation cascade activation,and lipid *** binding protein 4 and angiopoietin like 8 are potential early indicators of *** stands out as one of the most prevalent metabolic complications during pregnancy and is linked to severe maternal and fetal outcomes like pre-eclampsia and ***,none of the biomarkers discovered so far have demonstrated effectiveness in predicting *** topic was designed to foster insights into advances in the application of proteomics for early prenatal screening of GDM.

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Proteomics Biomarker Blood Placenta

Modification of streamer-to-leader transition model based on radial thermal expansion in the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude

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Plasma Science and Technology 2024年第1期26卷 42-49页

作者：耿江海林果王平丁玉剑丁杨俞华 Department of Electric Power Engineering North China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China China Electric Power Research Institute Beijing 100192People’s Republic of China Xinjiang Electric Power Company Research Institute Urumchi 830000People’s Republic of China Shanxi Electric Power Company Research Institute Taiyuan 030001People’s Republic of China

Historically,streamer-to-leader transition studies mainly focused on the rod-plane gap and low altitude analysis,with limited attention paid to the sphere-plane gap at high altitude *** this work,sphere-plane gap discharge tests were carried out under the gap distance of 5 m at the Qinghai Ultra High Voltage(UHV)test base at an altitude of 2200 *** experiments measured the physical parameters such as the discharge current,electric field intensity and instantaneous optical *** duration of the dark period and the critical charge of streamer-toleader transition were obtained at high *** on radial thermal expansion of the streamer stem,we established a modified streamer-to-leader transition model of the sphere-plane gap discharge at high altitude,and calculated the stem temperature,stem radii and the duration of streamer-to-leader *** with the measured duration of sphere-plane electrode discharge at an altitude of 2200 m,the error rate of the modified model was 0.94%,while the classical model was 6.97%,demonstrating the effectiveness of the modified *** the comparisons and analysis,several suggestions are proposed to improve the numerical model for further quantitative investigations of the leader inception.

关键词： streamer-to-leader transition model high altitude streamer stem convective diffusion radial thermal expansion

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鄂渝陕交界地区方言的官话归属判定及其分布

湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2024年第2期51卷 133-142页

作者：王平夷华中师范大学语言与语言教育研究中心湖北武汉430079

鄂渝陕交界地区是一片方言混杂地带,存在西南官话、中原官话、江淮官话黄孝片(黄孝方言)。通过梳理归纳前人研究中西南官话、中原官话、黄孝方言的区别性音韵特征,测算出鄂渝陕交界地区91个点西南官话、中原官话和黄孝方言的特征接近率... 详细信息

鄂渝陕交界地区是一片方言混杂地带,存在西南官话、中原官话、江淮官话黄孝片(黄孝方言)。通过梳理归纳前人研究中西南官话、中原官话、黄孝方言的区别性音韵特征,测算出鄂渝陕交界地区91个点西南官话、中原官话和黄孝方言的特征接近率,可以明确该地区西南官话、中原官话、黄孝方言的核心分布区,以及由这三类官话方言互相接触形成的四片混杂分布区。核心分布区圈出了三大类主体型方言:西南部地区的西南官话川黔片,旬阳县西部(以及安康市区)的中原官话关中片,白河县、旬阳县南部呈东西纵列分布的黄孝方言。四片混杂分布区分别为:东部地区的西南官话和中原官话南鲁片的混杂区,渝北和陕南邻接地带的西南官话川黔片和黄孝方言的混杂区,以及以白河、旬阳南部东西纵列分布带为轴呈南北对称分布的两片西南官话、中原官话、黄孝方言的混杂分布区。

关键词：鄂渝陕交界地区西南官话中原官话黄孝方言官话归属