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Detection of Oxidants Such as Hydroxyl Radicals and Chlorine Electrogenerated on a BDD Electrode by Simple Methods

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第4期14卷 173-187页

作者： Konan Sylvestre Koffi Konan Martin Koffi Foffié Thiery Auguste Appia Sahi placide Sadia Kouakou Jocelin Kimou Souleymane Kone Lassiné Ouattara Laboratoire de Constitution et de Raction de la Matire UFR SSMT Universit Flix Houphout Boiguy Abidjan Cte dIvoire UFR Environnement Universit Jean Lorougnon Gud Daloa Cte dIvoire

The aim of this work is to detect electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals and chlorine by simple and less expensive methods. Preparative electrolyses of perchloric acid (HClO4) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were performed on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode. The hydroxyl radicals were quantified indirectly by assaying the samples from the HClO4 (0.1 M) electrolysis with a 10−4 M potassium permanganate solution. The investigations showed that the amount of hydroxyl radicals depends on the concentration of HClO4 and the current density. As for chlorine, a qualitative determination was carried out. A mixture of the electrolyte solution of HClO4 (0.1 M) + NaI (0.2 M) + 2 mL of hexane, taken in this order, leads to a purplish-pink coloration attesting to the presence of Cl2. The same test was carried out with NaBr and NaI giving pale and very pale pink colourations, respectively, showing that the intensity of the colouration depends on the strength of the oxidant present. In addition, oxidants were detected during the electrooxidation of metronidazole (MNZ). The results showed the participation of electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals. The generation of chlorine has also been proven. Furthermore, the degradation leads to a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 83.48% and the process is diffusion-controlled.

关键词： Electrooxidation Hydroxyl Radicals Chlorine Detection

Kawasaki Disease in a Togolese Child

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期12卷 293-296页

作者： Koffi Mawuse Guedenon Doguénsaga Borgatia Attah Djatougbe Ayaovi Elie Akolly Mawouto Fiawoo Kokou placide Agbo-Kpati Adama Dodji Gbadoe Department of Pediatrics CHU Sylvanus Olympio University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of Cardiology CHR Sokodé University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Pediatrics GHEF Site de Marne La Vallée Jossigny France

Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a severe febrile vasculitis that affects children under 5 years of age. The severity of KD is related to coronary involvement. Few cases have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: We present a clinical observation of a Togolese infant to illustrate the typical clinical picture that every pediatrician should know. Observation: The patient was a 20-month-old infant from Togo who presented with conjunctivitis, cheilitis, stomatitis, and pharyngitis in a febrile setting. There was a satellite sub-maxillary adenopathy. There was a persistent biological inflammatory syndrome with thrombocytosis and a doppler ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis of a coronary aneurysm. Treatment was based on corticosteroid therapy and acetylsalicylic acid with success. Conclusion: KD involves cardiac complications that require rigorous and sometimes long-term monitoring to prevent death.

关键词： Kawasaki Disease Lympho-Cutaneous-Mucosal Syndrome Vascularity Coronary Aneurysm

Assessment of the Physicochemical and Microbiological Parameters of a Teaching Hospital’s Wastewaters in Abidjan in Côte d’Ivoire

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第13期8卷 1251-1265页

作者： Sadia Sahi placide Berté Mohamed Loba Evelyne Marie Hélène Appia Foffié Thiéry Auguste Gnamba Corneil Quand-Meme Ibrahima Sanogo Lassiné Ouattara Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphou&#235t-Boigny de Cocody Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU Treichville) de Treichville Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d’Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD5), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD5 and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD5 has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.

关键词： Physicochemical Parameter Chemical Oxygen Demand Hospital Wastewater Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella

CI Acid Orange 52 Dye Removal Using Natural and Formulated Clay-Lime Materials: Isotherm, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2023年第11期11卷 48-74页

作者： Fumba Gaston Essomba Jean Serge Ankoro Naphtali Odogu Kouotou Daouda Bélibi Bélibi placide Désiré Ndi Julius Nsami Ketcha Mbadcam Joseph Laboratory of Applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Lab CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute Chennai India Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

The main objective of the study is to improve the removal efficiency of Ourlago-kaolin (Kao), sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT), and two formulated clay-lime (F13 and F23) towards CI Acid Orange 52 dye (AO52). F13 and F23 were obtained by chemical stabilization through thermal treatment at 300°C. Fourier Transform Infrared spectra showed different surface functional groups on the clay materials, X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the raw materials contain many crystalline phases, scanning electron microscopy micrographs showed the variation of the layered structures of different clay materials, energy dispersive X-Ray analysis micrographs revealed compositional information and thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated the higher weight loss of 11.26% and 11.38% were observed for F13 and F23 respectively. BET surface area analyzed gave 133.0071 m2•g−1 for F13 and 132.34803 m2•g−1 for F23. The optimum pH value was 2.0 for Kao and Na-MMT. The adsorption experiments indicated that F13 and F23 have the maximum uptake abilities of 7.8740 and 3.1645 mg•g−1, respectively, compared to Kao (0.8761 mg•g−1) and Na-MMT (2.6178 mg•g−1). The pseudo-second-order model well described the adsorption kinetic model of AO52 dye onto the overall samples;Langmuir and Freundlich’s isotherms appropriately described the uptake mechanism. The positive values of ∆G° and negative value ∆H° indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic for Na-MMT, and non-spontaneous and exothermic for Kao, F13, and F23 because of their positive values of ∆G° and negative value of ∆H°. The modified clays have higher adsorption capacities and better life cycles compared hence opening new avenues for efficient wastewater treatment.

关键词： Ourlago-Kaolin Sodium Montmorillonite Formulated Clay Lime Adsorption Acid Dye Thermodynamic

Differential Pulse Voltammetric Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode: Application to Natural Tomato, Carrot, Cucumber Juices and Wastewater

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023年第10期14卷 434-450页

作者： Koffi Konan Martin Sadia Sahi placide Kouadio Brou Albert Gnamba Corneil Quand-Même Fofié Thiery Auguste Appia Koffi Konan Sylvestre Lassiné Ouattara UFR Environnement Université Jean Lorougnon Guédé Daloa C&ocircte d’Ivoire UFR Sciences et Technologies Université Alassane Ouattara Bouaké C&ocircte d’Ivoire Laboratoire de constitution et de réaction de la matière UFR SSMT Université Félix Houphouet Boiguy Abidjan C&ocircte d’Ivoire

This article describes the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of omnipaque (OMP) and paracetamol (PCM) in perchloric acid medium (HClO4 0.1 M) and in complex matrices such as tomato, carrot and cucumber juices and waste water from the Treichville University Hospital. Voltammetric studies allowed us to have well-defined oxidation peaks at distinct potentials of OMP (E = 0.5 V/SCE) and PCM (E = 0.7 V/SCE). Under optimized conditions, well-defined quantities of OMP and PCM, introduced simultaneously by metered additions, gave linear responses in concentration ranges of 259.8 - 467.2 μM for OMP and 58.73 - 116.3 μM PCM. The detection limits obtained are 7.23 μΜ and 3.6 μΜ respectively for OMP and PCM with recovery rates between 85.8% ± 0.1% and 92.6% ± 0.1% for OMP and between 99.9% ± 0.1% and 101.2% ± 0.4% for the PCM. This technique has been successfully used to simultaneously detect these pharmaceuticals in these complex environments. It allows recovery of OMP and PCM respectively up to 97.5% ± 0.0% and 91.6% ± 0.3% in tomato juice;100.0% ± 0.0% and 95.2% ± 0.2% in carrot juice;101.4% ± 0.1% and 97.3% ± 0.3% in cucumber juice;100.1% ± 0.9% and 100.9% ± 0.1% in wastewater. The relevance of this technique for the simultaneous detection of OMP and PCM in tomato, carrot, cucumber juices and in waste water can be studied in the context of the contamination of certain fruits and vegetables by the substances organic pharmaceuticals released into the environment without prior treatment.

关键词： Omnipaque Paracétamol Differential Pulse Voltammetry Boron Doped Diamond Electrode

Optimization Conditions of the Preparation of Activated Carbon Based Egusi (<i>Cucumeropsis mannii</i>Naudin) Seed Shells for Nitrate Ions Removal from Wastewater

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第10期9卷 439-463页

作者： René Blaise Ngouateu Lékéné Julius Ndi Nsami Asma Rauf Daouda Kouotou placide Desiré Belibi Belibi Muhammad Iqbal Bhanger Joseph Ketcha Mbadcam Applied Physical and Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan

Egusi seed shells (ESS) were used as precursor for the preparation of two activated carbons (ACs) following H3PO4 and ZnCl2 activation. The effect of factors controlling the preparation of ACs such as chemical activating agent concentration (2 - 10 M), activation temperature (400°C - 700°C) and residence time (30 - 120 min) were optimized using the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The optimized activated carbons based H3PO4 (ACP) and ZnCl2 (ACZ) were characterized by N2 adsorption, elemental analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Boehm titration and Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) techniques. The specific surface area was found to be 1053.91 and 1009.89 m2·g-1 for ACP and ACZ respectively. The adsorbents had similar surface functionalities and were both microporous. The effect of various parameters such as initial pH, concentration, and contact time on the adsorption of nitrate ions on ACP and ACZ in aqueous solution was studied. ACZ demonstrated better adsorption capacity (8.26 mg·g-1) compared to ACP (5.65 mg·g-1) at the same equilibrium time of 20 min. The adsorption process was governed by a “physical interactions” phenomenon for both adsorbents.

关键词： Egusi Seed Shells Activated Carbon Optimization Nitrate Ions Wastewater Adsorption Process

Importance of the Glycated Hemoglobin Assay in Congolese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Case-Control Study in Kinshasa, DR Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019年第11期9卷 1492-1509页

作者： Daddy Kabamba Numbi Dophie Tshibuela Beya Guelord Mukiapini Luzolo Passy Kimena Nyota placide Cyanga Ngandu Mamy Ngole Zita Gustave Ilunga Ntita Donatien Kayembe Nzongola-Nkasu Jérémie Muwonga Masidi Mireille Nganga Nkanga Justin Mboloko Esimo Arsène Mputu Lobota Jean Bosco Kasiam Onkin Baudouin Buassa-bu-Tsumbu Cathy Ali Risasi Fons Verdonck Bernard Spitz Jean pierre Elongi Moyene Département de Biologie Médicale Service de Biologie Clinique Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Département de Médecine Interne Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Département de Biologie Clinique Hopital Général de Référence de Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo Department of Physiology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics KU Leuven Leuven Belgium Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Hopital Général de Référence de Kinshasa Kinshasa DR Congo

Context: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a syndrome related to the metabolic syndrome with a high risk for developing diabetes mellitus. The evaluation of the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) seems to be an interesting tool to detect states of hyperglycemia that may be associated with this syndrome and to understand her pathophysiology. Aims: The purposes of this study are to determine the profile of HbA1c in Congolese women with PCOS, to determine the frequency of states of hyperglycemia and to assess the impact of this marker on clinical signs on this syndrome. Material and methods: This is a case-control study of 130 Congolese subfertile women;65 with a diagnosis of PCOS and 65 others without PCOS. This is conducted from June 2016 to June 2019 among Congolese women of childbearing age. All these women were recruited at the subfertility outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of UNIKIN as well of the YANGA medical centers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Sickle cell disease was excluded as also the cases of anemia. HbA1c was assayed via the immunoturbidimetric method and the results interpreted according to the ADA recommendations with a pathological cut-off point ≥ 6.5%. Results: Mean hemoglobin was 11.6 ± 1.2 g/dl (11.5 ± 1.1 g/dl vs. 11.8 ± 1.4 g/dl, P = 0.568). The proportion of diabetics was 1.6% (1.6% vs. 1.5%, P = 0.74). Higher HbA1c values were noted in the PCOS group compared to the control group (7.3% ± 2.1% vs. 5.6% ± 0.6%, P 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed a strong correlation between elevated HbA1c levels and PCOS (OR 14.79 (CI 5.43 - 40.32), P 0.001). In the PCOS group, higher HbA1c values were significantly correlated with a higher socio-economic status (OR 3.38 (1.67 - 8.47), P = 0.018) and with obesity (OR 3.48 IC (1.31 - 7.13) P = 0.029). A perfect, positive and significant linear correlation was found between HbA1c and fasting blood glucose (r = 0.807). 60% of women in the PCOS group had pathological values of H

关键词： PCOS HbA1c Subfertility Congolese Women

The Profile of Glycated Hemoglobin in Non-Diabetic Pregnant Women with Preeclampsia: A Case-Control Study in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of Congo

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2020年第3期10卷 365-389页

作者： Guelord Mukiapini Luzolo Dophie Tshibuela Beya Daddy Kabamba Numbi Passy Kimena Nyota placide Cyanga Ngandu Blaise Sumbu Matondo Manzambi Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila Mamy Ngole Zita Gustave Ilunga Ntita Mireille Nganga Nkanga Jérémie Muwonga Masidi Donatien Kayembe Nzongola-Nkasu Dieudonné Sengeyi Mushengezi Arsene Mputu Lobota Baudouin Buassa-Bu-Tsumbu Cathy Ali Risasi Fons Verdonck Bernard Spitz Jean pierre Elongi Moyene Département de Biologie Médicale Service de Biologie Clinique Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Département de Médecine interne Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Département de Biologie Clinique Hopital Général de Référence de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo Department of Physiology KU Leuven Belgium Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics KU Leuven Belgium Département de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Hopital Général de Référence de Kinshasa Kinshasa Congo

Background: A disturbed glucose metabolism is quite common during pregnancy. It is due to the diabetogenic potential of pregnancy and responsible for many obstetric complications. The glycated hemoglobin is one of the markers used to depict these disorders. Higher concentrations of this marker would be associated with unfavorable results of pregnancy. Objective: To describe the profile of HbA1c in non-diabetic preeclamptic pregnant women and to establish the association between the values of this marker and the maternal and fetal complications. Materials and Method: This is a case-control study of 142 pregnant women in their second and third trimester. They were followed in the maternity hospitals of University Clinics and the General Reference Hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo between May and October 2019. The sampling of preeclamptic pregnant women was exhaustive. Controls were healthy pregnant women carrying pregnancies of the same type and of the same gestational age as the cases. Ultimately, 71 were preeclamptic and 71 healthy (controls). HbA1c was determined by immunoturbidimetry. Results: A total of 142 pregnant women took part in this study consisting of 71 preeclamptic women (cases) and 71 healthy pregnant women (controls). The average age of these pregnant women was 28.8 ± 6.8 (28.2 ± 6.8 years vs 29.5 ± 6.8 years p = 0.559), with an average parity of 2.3 ± 1.5 (2.2 ± 1.7 vs 2.4 ± 1.2, p = 0.005). The majority were carriers of monofoetal pregnancy. Higher HbA1c values were observed in the preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls (5.7 ± 1.3% vs 4.8 ± 0.7%, p 0.001). The proportion of pregnant women with pathological HbA1c values (>5.6%) was also higher in the group of preeclamptic pregnant women (46.5% vs 9.9%, p Conclusion: This study established that 46.5% of non-diabetic pregnant women with preeclampsia have high HbA1c values, which moreover are associated with preeclampsia and its complications. Systematic screening is essen

关键词： HbA1c Preeclampsia Prognosis Congo

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancers in Rwanda: Epidemiological, Clinical and Histopathological Features in Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Referral Hospital

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第10期12卷 286-298页

作者： Felicien Shikama Steve P. Bensen Robert Giraneza Prosper Ndayisaba Elisée Hategekimana Eric Rutaganda Aloys Tuyizere Tindoho Nkakyekorera Benoit Seminega Francois Ngabonziza placide Kamali Vincent Dusabejambo Dirk J. van Leeuwen Martin Munyaneza Frederick L. Makrauer Audrey H. Calderwood Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center (DHMC) Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology New Hampshire USA Department of Internal Medicine Ruhango District Hospital Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Pathology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali (CHUK) Department of Gastroenterology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Internal Medicine Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of Radiology Kigali Rwanda Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare (CHUB) Department of General Surgery Kigali Rwanda Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Brigham and Women’s Hospital Boston USA

Background: Scant data on upper gastrointestinal cancers in Rwanda exist to guide potential prevention efforts. We evaluated the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological data among patients with gastric and esophageal tumors at a tertiary Referral Hospital in Rwanda. Methodology: We performed a retrospective review of histologically-confirmed esophageal and gastric cancers in adults age ≥ 18 yrs. old presenting to a university teaching hospital (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Butare) from 2014-2019. Variables included age at diagnosis, sex, clinical presentation, tumor location and histopathological type. Results: There were 149 upper gastrointestinal cancers, of which 137 (92%) were gastric and 12 (8%) were esophageal. Gastric cancer patients had a mean age at presentation of 56.9 ± 12.3 years (range 21 - 87). Presenting symptoms were epigastric pain (78.8%), weight loss (53.3%), post-prandial vomiting (52.6%), early satiety (29.9%), epigastric mass (24.8%), hematemesis (19.7%) and melena (16.8%). The location was antrum 50.3%, corpus 21.8%, fundus 8%, and cardia 8%. Tumor type was adenocarcinoma in 94.1%. Helicobacter pylori infection was present in 108 (78.8%). Esophageal cancer patients had a mean age of 54.4 ± 9.5 years (range 35 - 72). Presenting symptoms were dysphagia (100%) and weight loss (83%). The most common site was lower third esophagus (9/12), and adenocarcinoma cancer subtype accounted for 5/12 (41.6%) cases. Conclusion: Gastric adenocarcinoma was the most commonly diagnosed upper gastrointestinal cancers and was associated with a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. This study lays the foundation for future work to improve cancer outcomes in Rwanda.

关键词： Epidemiology Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer H. pylori Rwanda