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Ozone pollution threatens bird populations to collapse:an imminent ecological threat?

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第6期34卷 1653-1656页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous pierre sicard Zhaozhong Feng Elena Paoletti School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China ARGANS Sophia AntipolisFrance IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly

While bird populations are declining,the factors associated with this decline are *** on laboratory experiments,air pollution has long been recognized as a factor causing oxidative stress and adversely aff ecting bird ***,studies employing an epidemiological approach have reported signifi cant declines in avian populations in Central Europe and the United States due to air pollution,and ozone in *** advocate that urgent actions are needed to mitigate these eff ects,which threaten biodiversity and environmental health,and propose a series of measures which can enlighten the path toward mitigating air pollution eff ects on avian populations.

关键词： Air pollution Biosecurity Bird population Biodiversity Ornithology Ozone risk

Testing visible ozone injury within a Light Exposed Sampling Site as a proxy for ozone risk assessment for European forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第4期32卷 1351-1359页

作者： pierre sicard Yasutomo Hoshika Elisa Carrari Alessandra De Marco Elena Paoletti ARGANS 260 route du Pin Montard06410 BiotFrance IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and Forestry(DAGRI)University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly ENEA Via Anguillarese 30100123 Santa Maria di GaleriaItaly

Biologically meaningful and cost-effective indicators are needed for assessing and monitoring the impacts of tropospheric ozone(0_(3)) on vegetation and are required in Europe by the National Emission Ceilings Directive(2016).However,a clear understanding on the best suited indicators is *** MOTTLES(MOnitoring ozone injury for seTTing new critical LEvelS) project set up a new generation network for 0_(3) monitoring in forest plots in order to:1) estimate the stomatal 0_(3) fluxes(Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake,PODY);and 2) collect visible foliar 0_(3) injury,both within the forest plot(ITP) and along the Light Exposed Sampling Site(LESS) along the forest *** forest sites at high 0_(3) risk were selected across Italy over 2017-2019 and significant correlations(p <0.05) were found between the percentage of symptomatic plant species within the LESS,and POD1(PODY,with Y=1 nmol 0_(3) m^(-2) s^(-1)) calculated for mixed forest species(r=0.53)and with the occurrence and severity of visible foliar 0_(3) injury on the dominant species in the plots(r=0.65).A generic flux-based critical level for mixed forest species was derived within the LESS and it was recommended using11 mmol m^(-2) POD1 as the critical level for forest protection against 0_(3) injury,similar to the critical level obtained in the ITP(12 mmol m^(-2) POD1).It was concluded that the frequency of symptomatic plant species within a LESS is a suitable and effective plant-response indicator of phytotoxic 0_(3) levels in forest *** is a non-destructive,less complex and less time-consuming approach compared to the ITP for monitoring foliar 0_(3) injury in the long *** visible foliar 0_(3) injury in the ITP might only underestimate the 0_(3) risk assessment at individual *** results are biologically meaningful and useful to monitoring experts and environmental policy makers.

关键词： Cost-effective indicator Forest monitoring Light-Exposed Sampling Site Ozone Phytotoxic ozone dose Visible injury

Spatiotemporal variations of ozone exposure and its risks to vegetation and human health in Cyprus:an analysis across a gradient of altitudes

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第3期34卷 579-594页

作者： Stefanos Agathokleous Costas JSaitanis Chrysanthos Savvides pierre sicard Evgenios Agathokleous Alessandra De Marco The Cyprus Institute NicosiaCyprus University of the Aegean MytileneLesvosGreece Agricultural University of Athens AthensGreece Department of Labour Inspection Ministry of Labour and Social InsuranceNicosiaCyprus ARGANS 260 route du Pin MontardBiotFrance School of Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044People’s Republic of China National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic DevelopmentRomeItaly

Ground-level ozone(O_(3)) aff ects vegetation and threatens environmental health when levels exceed critical values,above which adverse eff ects are *** is expected to be a hotspot for O_(3)concentrations due to its unique position in the eastern Mediterranean,receiving air masses from Europe,African,and Asian continents,and experiencing a warm Mediterranean *** Cyprus,the spatiotemporal features of O_(3) are poorly understood and the potential risks for forest health have not been *** evaluated O_(3) and nitrogen oxides(NO and NO 2)at four regional background stations at different altitudes over 2014−2016.O_(3) risks to vegetation and human health were estimated by calculating accumulated O_(3)exposure over a threshold of 40 nmol mol^(−1)(AOT40)and cumulative exposure to mixing ratios above 35 nmol mol^(−1)(SOMO35)*** data reveal that mean O_(3)concentrations follow a seasonal pattern,with higher levels in spring(51.8 nmol mol^(−1))and summer(53.2 nmol mol^(−1))and lower levels in autumn(46.9 nmol mol^(−1))and winter(43.3 nmol mol^(−1)).The highest mean O_(3)exposure(59.5 nmol mol^(−1)) in summer occurred at the high elevation station ***(1819 m a.s.l.).Increasing(decreasing)altitudinal gradients were found for O_(3)(NO x),driven by summer–winter diff *** diurnal patterns of O_(3) showed little *** at the lowest altitude O_(3) displayed a typical O_(3) diurnal pattern,with hourly diff erences smaller than 15 nmol mol^(−1).Accumulated O_(3) exposures at all stations and in all years exceeded the European Union’s limits for the protection of vegetation,with average values of 3-month(limit:3000 nmol mol^(−1)h)and 6-month(limit:5000 nmol mol^(−1)h)AOT40 for crops and forests of 16,564 and 31,836 nmol mol^(−1)h,respectively.O_(3) exposures were considerably high for human health,with an average SOMO35 value of 7270 nmol mol^(−1) days across stations and *** results indicate that O_(3) is a major environm

关键词： Air pollution Ozone risk assessment Exposure metrics Vegetation Human health

isoAOT40:An improved ozone exposure index based on the Annual Ozone Spectrum Profile(AO3SP)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第6期33卷 1949-1955页

作者： Evgenios Agathokleous Costas J.Saitanis Stefanos Agathokleous Chrysanthos Savvides Vicent Calatayud pierre sicard Collaborative Innovation Center On Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China Research Center for Global Changes and Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration&Mitigation School of Applied MeteorologyNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044People’s Republic of China Lab of Ecology and Environmental Science Agricultural University of AthensIera Odos 7511855 AthensGreece The Cyprus Institute NicosiaCyprus Department of Labour Inspection Ministry of Labour and Social InsuranceNicosiaCyprus Fundación CEAM Parque TecnológicoC/Charles R.Darwin14PaternaSpain ARGANS 260 route du Pin MontardBiotFrance

Abstarct In recognition of the rising threats of groundlevel ozone(O_(3))pollution to forests,agricultural crops,and other types of vegetation,accurate and realistic risk assessment is urgently *** accumulated O_(3)exposure over a concentration threshold of 40 nmol mol-1(AOT40)is the most commonly used metric to investigate O3 exposure and its effects on vegetation and to conduct vegetation risk *** is also used by international regulatory authorities for deriving critical levels and setting standards to protect vegetation against surface O_(3).However,fixed periods of the growing season are used universally,yet growing seasons vary with latitudes and elevations,and the periods of plant lifespan also differ among annual ***,we propose the concept of the Annual O_(3)Spectrum Profile(AO_(3)SP)and apply it to calculate the profile of AOT40 throughout the year(AAOT40SP,Annual AOT40 Spectrum Profile)using the International Organization for Standardization(ISO)weeks as a shorter window ISO-based accumulated *** moving time periods of three(for crops)or six(for forests)months,the i so AOT40 behavior throughout the year can be examined as a diagnostic tool for O_(3)risks in the short-or long-term during the lifecycle of local *** this analysis,AOT40(i so AOT40)that is most representative for the local conditions and specific situations can be identified,depending on the exact growing season and lifecycle of the target *** applied this novel approach to data from five background monitoring stations located at different elevations in *** results show that the AAOT40SP approach can be used for improved and more realistic assessment of O3 risks to *** AO_(3)SP approach can also be applied using metrics other than AOT40(exposure-or flux-based),adding a new dimension to the way O_(3)risk to vegetation is assessed.

关键词： Air pollution AOT40 index Ozone risk assessment Critical levels Vegetation exposure metric

Trends in tropospheric ozone concentrations and forest impact metrics in Europe over the time period 2000–2014

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第2期32卷 543-551页

作者： Chiara Proietti Maria Francesca Fornasier pierre sicard Alessandro Anav Elena Paoletti Alessandra De Marco Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research(ISPRA) via Brancati 4800144 RomeItaly ARGANS 260 route du Pin Montard06410 BiotFrance Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and the EnvironmentC.R.Casaccia00123 RomeItaly IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 10Florence50019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly

In Europe,tropospheric ozone pollution appears as a major air quality issue,and ozone concentrations remain potentially harmful to *** this study we compared the trends of two ozone metrics widely used for forests protection in Europe,the AOT40(Accumulated Ozone over Threshold of 40 ppb)which only depends on surface air ozone concentrations,and the Phytotoxic Ozone Dose which is the accumulated ozone uptake through stomata over the growing season,and above a threshold Y of uptake(PODY).By using a chemistry transport model,we found that European-averaged ground-level ozone concentrations(−2%)and AOT40 metric(−26.5%)significantly declined from 2000 to 2014,due to successful control strategies to reduce the emission of ozone precursors in Europe since the early *** contrast,the stomatal ozone uptake by forests increased from 17.5 to 26.6 mmol O3 m^(−2)despite the reduction in ozone concentrations,leading to an increase of potential ozone damage on plants in *** a climate change context,a biologically-sound stomatal flux-based standard(PODY)as new European legislative standard is needed.

关键词： Tropospheric ozone AOT40 POD Trendm Mann-Kendall test

Epidemiological derivation of fl ux-based critical levels for visible ozone injury in European forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第5期31卷 1509-1519页

作者： pierre sicard Alessandra De Marco Elisa Carrari Laurence Dalstein-Richier Yasutomo Hoshika Ovidiu Badea Diana Pitar Silvano Fares Adriano Conte Ionel Popa Elena Paoletti ARGANS 260 route du Pin Montard06410 BiotFrance ENEA Via Anguillarese 30100123 Santa Maria di GaleriaItaly IRET-CNR Via Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly GIEFS 69 avenue des Hespérides06300 NiceFrance INCDS 128 Eroilor Bvd.077030 VoluntariRomania CREA Viale S.Margherita 8052100 ArezzoItaly

The European MOTTLES project set-up a newgeneration network for ozone(O 3)monitoring in 17 plots in France,Italy and *** monitoring stations allowed:(1)estimating the accumulated exposure AOT40 and stomatal O 3 fl uxes(PODY)with an hourly threshold of uptake(Y)to represent the detoxifi cation capacity of trees(POD1,with Y=1 nmol O 3 m^−2 s^−1 per leaf area);and(2)collecting data of forest-response indicators,*** defoliation and visible foliar O 3-like injury over the time period 2017–*** soil water content was the most important parameter aff ecting crown defoliation and was a key factor aff ecting the severity of visible foliar O 3-like injury on the dominant tree species in a *** soil water content is thus an essential parameter in the PODY estimation,particularly for water-limited *** assessment based on stomatal fl ux-based standard and on real plant symptoms is more appropriated than the exposure-based method for protecting *** fl ux-eff ect relationships,we derived fl ux-based critical levels(CLef)for forest protection against visible foliar O 3-like *** recommend CLef of 5 and 12 mmol m^−2 POD1 for broadleaved species and conifers,*** using PODY as legislative standard in Europe,we recommend using the CLec for≥25%of crown defoliation in a plot:17,000 and 19,000 nmol mol^−1 h AOT40 for conifers and broadleaved species,respectively.

关键词： POD Critical levels Ozone Visible injury Epidemiology

Towards an integrative approach to evaluate the environmental ecosystem services provided by urban forest

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 1981-1996页

作者： Samson Roeland Marco Moretti Jorge Humberto Amorim Cristina Branquinho Silvano Fares Federico Morelli Ulo Niinemets Elena Paoletti Pedro Pinho Gregorio Sgrigna Vladimir Stojanovski Abhishek Tiwary pierre sicard Carlo Calfapietra Department of Bioscience Engineering Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied MicrobiologyLaboratory of Environmental and Urban EcologyUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems(IRET) CNRHeadquartersVia Marconi 2PoranoItaly Forest Faculty in Skopje University SS Cyril and Methodius1000 SkopjeMacedonia Faculty of Engineering and the Environment University of SouthamptonHighfieldSouthampton SO17 1BJUK ARGANS 260 Route du Pin Montard06904 Sophia AntipolisFrance Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems Agrarian-technological InstituteRUDN UniversityMiklukho-Maklaya Str.6MoscowRussia 117198 Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL Biodiversity and Conservation BiologyZu¨rcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute(SMHI) SE-60176 Norrko¨pingSweden Faculdade de Cieecias cE3c-Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental ChangesUniversidade de LisboaCampo GrandeLisbon 1749-016Portugal Council for Agricultural Research and Economics(CREA) Research Center for Forestry and WoodArezzoItaly Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning Faculty of Environmental SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamy′cka′129165 00 Prague 6Czech Republic Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi 1Tartu 51014Estonia Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems(IRET) CNRSection of FlorenceVia Madonna del Piano 10Sesto FiorentinoItaly Centre for Natural Resources and the Environment Instituto Superior Te′cnicoUniversity of LisbonLisbon 1749-016Portugal

As a Nature-Based Solution,urban forests deliver a number of environmental ecosystem services(EESs).To quantify these EESs,well-defined,reliable,quantifiable and stable indicators are *** literature analysis and expert knowledge gathered within COST Action FP1204 GreenInUrbs,we proposed a classification of urban forest EESs into three categories:(A)regulation of air,water,soil and climate;(B)provisioning of habitat quality;and(C)provisioning of other goods and *** category is divided into EES types:(a)amelioration of air quality;restoration of soil and water;amelioration of the microclimate;removal of CO2 from the air;(b)provision of habitat for biodiversity;support for resilient urban ecosystems;provision of genetic diversity;and(c)provision of energy and nutrients;provision of grey infrastructure *** EES type provides one or more *** each of these 12 benefits,we propose a set of indicators to be used when analyzing the impacts on the identified *** half of the 36 indicators are relevant to more than one single benefit,which highlights complex *** indicators of wider applicability are tree and stand characteristics,followed by leaf physical traits and tree species *** knowledge is needed for the optimization of the EESs delivered by urban forests,now and in the future.

关键词： Urban forests Environmental ecosystem services Indicators

Bridging experimental and monitoring research for visible foliar injury as bio-indicator of ozone impacts on forests

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 295-309页

作者： Barbara Baesso Moura Elisa Carrari Laurence Dalstein-Richier pierre sicard Stefan Leca Ovidiu Badea Diana Pitar-Silaghi Anumol Shashikumar Marie-Lyne Ciriani Elena Paoletti Yasutomo Hoshika aInstitute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems(IRET) National Research Council of Italy(CNR)Sesto FiorentinoItaly Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie Alimentari Ambientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi Firenze(UNIFI)FirenzeItaly GIEFS(Groupe International d'Etudes des Forêts Sud-européennes) NiceFrance ARGANS France Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering “Transilvania”UniversityBraşovRomania National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry“Marin Dracea” VoluntariIlfovRomania

Tropospheric ozone(O_(3))is a phytotoxic air pollutant and the O_(3)-induced visible foliar injury(O_(3)VFI)is a biomarker.A recently developed Free-air O_(3)eXposure(FO_(3)X)is a promising facility to verify field-observed“O_(3)-like”VFIs and to establish a flux-based threshold for the O_(3)VFI *** present study compared O_(3)-like VFI registered in the southern European forest sites with actual O_(3)VFI observed in a FO_(3)X *** O_(3)-like VFIs were evaluated by eye in forests and thus it was *** to the imaging analysis,we firstly demonstrated that major parts of the colors were similar in the field and the FO_(3)*** color pallets for O_(3)VFI was species-specific and considered a advanced tool for the O_(3)VFI *** addition,we calculated a flux-based threshold for the O_(3)VFI onset at the FO_(3)X based on a Phytotoxic Ozone Dose(POD_(1)),which ranged from 4.9 to 18.1 mmol m^(-2)*** FO_(3)X-derived threshold partly explained but did not necessarily match with the observation for several tree species in actual *** multivariate analysis showed that O_(3)VFI was decreased by the presence of various species and suggested the importance of continuous monitoring activities in the field for the further analysis.

关键词： Ozone visible foliar injury FO3X MOTTLES forest monitoring

Correction To: Epidemiological derivation of flux-based critical levels for visible ozone injury in European forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1703-1703页

Correction to:***://***/10.1007/s11676-020-01191-x In the Original publication of the article,the authors found an error in the text“We recommend CLef of 5 and 12 mmol m−2 POD1 for broadleaved species and conifers,re... 详细信息

关键词： ozone visible derivation