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Difference in apoptosis-associated genes expression profiling and immunohistology analysis between Kashin-Beck disease and primary osteoarthritis

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第9期59卷 833-839页

作者： Shixun Wu Chen Duan Feng Zhang robert pierce McKenzie Jingjing Zheng Umer Farooq Yidong Bai Xiong Guo School of Public Health College of Medicine Key Laboratory of Environment and Gene Related Diseases of Ministry Education Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases Ministry of Health Xi’an Jiaotong University Department of Orthopedics Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital College of Medicine Xi’an Jiaotong University Department of Cellular and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio Department of Community Medicine Ayub Medical College

Kashin-Beck disease(KBD)is a chronic and deformed endemic osteoarthritis,without fully known *** compared to primary osteoarthritis(POA),its pathogenesis still exists *** performed this study to discriminate the difference in genes expression involved in apoptosis from KBD cartilages and POA *** analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis(IPA)were used to identify the molecular mechanisms/canonical pathways implicated in KBD *** staining was carried out to detect tissue distribution of PDCD5 and EGR1 in the knee cartilages from KBD and *** 23 up-regulated apoptosis-related genes with[2-fold change were identified.‘‘Role of Macrophages,Fibroblasts,and Endothelial Cells in Rheumatoid Arthritis’’signaling was screened as the most relevant pathway through *** 8 differentially regulated genes were verified by qRT-PCR *** cell death 5 in middle and deeper zones and early growth response 1 in superficial and middle zones showed protein overexpressed in KBD cartilage samples comparing to those in POA cartilage *** indicates a higher expression level of apoptosis-related functional genes in KBD articular cartilage compared with POA articular cartilage.

关键词：细胞凋亡相关基因大骨节病骨关节炎原发性免疫组化表达谱 RT-PCR分析程序性细胞死亡

Simulating Resin Infusion through Textile Reinforcement Materials for the Manufacture of Complex Composite Structures

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Engineering 2017年第5期3卷 596-607页

作者： robert S. pierce Brian G. Falzon Northern Ireland Advanced Composites and Engineering Centre Belfast BT3 9DZ UK School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Queen's University Belfast Belfast BT9 5AH UK

Increasing demand for weight reduction and greater fuel efficiency continues to spur the use of composite materials in commercial aircraft structures. Subsequently, as composite aerostructures become larger and more complex, traditional autoclave manufacturing methods are becoming prohibitively expensive. This has prompted renewed interest in out-of-autoclave processing techniques in which resins are introduced into a reinforcing preform. However, the success of these resin infusion methods is highly dependent upon operator skill and experience, particularly in the development of new manufacturing strategies for complex parts. Process modeling, as a predictive computational tool, aims to address the issues of reliability and waste that result from traditional trial-and-error approaches. Basic modeling attempts, many of which are still used in industry, generally focus on simulating fluid flow through an isotropic porous reinforcement material. How- ever, recent efforts are beginning to account for the multiscale and multidisciplinary complexity of woven materials, in simulations that can provide greater fidelity. In particular, new multi-physics process models are able to better predict the infusion behavior through textiles by considering the effect of fabric deformation on permeability and porosity properties within the reinforcing material. In addition to reviewing pre- vious research related to process modeling and the current state of the art, this paper highlights the recent validation of a multi-physics process model against the experimental infusion of a complex double dome component. By accounting for deformation-dependent flow behavior, the multi-physics process model was able to predict realistic flow behavior, demonstrating considerable improvement over basic isotropic permeability models.

关键词： Composite materials Textile reinforcement Draping Infusion Numerical modeling

Lost in the Present: Anterograde Amnesia and Medical Decision Making Capacity

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Open Journal of Medical Psychology 2014年第1期3卷 54-59页

作者： John McKelvie Christopher A. pierce Thomas M. Dunn Philippe Weintraub robert M. House Behavioral Health Service Denver Health Medical Center Denver USA Palm Desert VA Clinic VA Loma Linda Health Care System Palm Desert USA

Although there have been a limited number of case reports of human bilateral hippocampal injury, none of these have addressed the impact of such injuries on medical decision making capacity. The authors present a case of an elderly man with discrete bilateral hippocampal injury. As a result of his injury, the patient was hopelessly “lost in the present” and only retained the basic cognitive functions necessary to have decision making capacity for a limited period of time. He was unable to appreciate the nature of his injury, the potential risks involved in his decisions, and the recommended course of treatment longer than a few minutes. The patient’s resultant neurocognitive deficits left him lacking medical decision making capacity, a likely outcome for patients with persistent anterograde amnesia.

关键词： Bilateral Hippocampal Injury Anterograde Amnesia Capacity Medical Decision Making Capacity Episodic Memory Prospective Brain

Ropinirole Implants Reverse MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in Rhesus Monkeys

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第3期4卷 1-8页

作者： Steven J. Siegel Lauren Nagy Torben Skarsfeldt Mark pierce Carol O’ Neill robert Lin Lori Langhamer Jeffery H. Kordower Department of Psychiatry University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA NuPathe Inc. Conshohocken USA Rush Medical Center Chicago USA

Purpose: We compared efficacy and side effects of ropinirole implants with oral ropinirole in parkinsonian monkeys. Methods: Twenty monkeys received injections of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-hydrochloride (MPTP) to render them parkinsonian. Monkeys were then placed into 3 groups based upon clinical rating scores (CRS). Group 1 received oral ropinirole and placebo implants. Group 2 receivedropinirole implants that released 1/9th of the animals’ optimal daily oral dose and oral placebo. Group 3 received placebo implants and oral placebo. Monkeys were assessed for pharmacokinetic data, CRS, Global Dyskinesia Rating Scale, and skin irritation. Results: For the ropinirole implant group, the activity pattern was similar to that seen pre-MPTP;which extended through the weekends and was greater than control treated parkinsonian monkeys. Oral ropinirole yielded a high degree of variability for activity, with values following oral dosing being higher than the pre-MPTP periodbut levels similar to placebo treated parkinsonian animals during weekends, which were excluded from oral dosing. Implants and oral treatment achieved significant improvement in CRS between 11 - 60 days and 4 - 60 days respectively. Conclusion: Low dose ropinirole implants have the potential to provide continuous clinical improvement in bradykinesia with fewer “off periods” and lower risk for medication-induced psychosis than oral medication.

关键词： Ropinirole Implant Parkinson’s Disease MPTP Pharmacokinetic Dyskinesia

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硫酸厂和磷酸厂的设备衬里

硫酸工业 1983年第4期 45-49+29页

作者： robert R.pierce ,W.Graham Carpenter ,胡宏毅

近三十年来,随着硫酸厂及磷酸厂规模的显著扩大,使得设备的设计更需要引起重视。

关键词：衬里耐酸砖硫酸厂磷酸磷化合物

Resistance to Aspergillus flavus in maize and peanut:Molecular biology, breeding, environmental stress,and future perspectives

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The Crop Journal 2015年第3期3卷 229-237页

作者： Jake C.Fountain Pawan Khera Liming Yang Spurthi N.Nayak Brian T.Scully robert D.Lee Zhi-Yuan Chen robert C.Kemerait Rajeev K.Varshney Baozhu Guo Department of Plant Pathology University of Georgia Tifton GA USA International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) Hyderabad Telangana India USDA-ARS Crop Protection and Management Research Unit Tifton GA USA Huaiyin Normal University School of Life Sciences USDA-ARS US Horticultural Laboratory Fort Pierce FL USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia Tifton GA USA Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

The colonization of maize(Zea mays L.) and peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.) by the fungal pathogen Aspergillus flavus results in the contamination of kernels with carcinogenic mycotoxins known as aflatoxins leading to economic losses and potential health threats to humans. The regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis in various Aspergillus spp. has been extensively studied, and has been shown to be related to oxidative stress responses. Given that environmental stresses such as drought and heat stress result in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species(ROS) within host plant tissues, host-derived ROS may play an important role in cross-kingdom communication between host plants and A. flavus. Recent technological advances in plant breeding have provided the tools necessary to study and apply knowledge derived from metabolomic, proteomic, and transcriptomic studies in the context of productive breeding populations. Here, we review the current understanding of the potential roles of environmental stress, ROS, and aflatoxin in the interaction between *** and its host plants, and the current status in molecular breeding and marker discovery for resistance to A. flavus colonization and aflatoxin contamination in maize and peanut. We will also propose future directions and a working model for continuing research efforts linking environmental stress tolerance and aflatoxin contamination resistance in maize and peanut.

关键词： Host resistance Molecular breeding Aflatoxin contamination Reactive oxygen species ROS

Changes in free amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

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Insect Science 2014年第6期21卷 707-716页

作者： Nasir S. A. Malik Jose L. Perez Madhurababu Kunta Joseph M. Patt robert L. Mangan USDA-ARS ERRC 600 E Mermaid lane Wyndmoor PA 19038-8598 USDA-ARS SPARC 2881 F&B Road College Station TX 77845 Texas A&M University-Kingsville Citrus Center 312 North International Blvd Weslaeo TX 78596 U. S. Horticultural Research Laboratory 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 Subtropical Horticultural Research Station 13601 Old Coulter Road Miami FL 33158 USDA-ARS 2413 E. Hwy 83 Weslaco TX 78596 USA

The effects of biotic and abiotic stresses on changes in amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma orange （Citrus unshiu; cultivar Owari） leaves were inves- tigated. Asian citrus psyllids Diaphorina citri （Kuwayama）（ACP） infestation was used to induce biotic stress while a water deficit was imposed to induce abiotic stress. Potted trees were infested by placing 50 psyllids on 3 citrus leaves enclosed in nylon mesh bags for 5 d. A parallel set of plants were kept water stressed by maintaining the soil at 20% water holding capacity for 5 d. Levels of total free amino acids were higher in water stressed and ACP infested leaves. Polyamine putrescine increased in infested leaves but not in water stressed leaves. Proline was the most abundant amino acid and its levels significantly increased by both biotic and abiotic stresses. Proline levels in infested leaves were significantly higher than the water stressed leaves. Histidine, methionine, asparagine, arginine, serine, and leucine levels also increased significantly in infested leaves, but in water stressed leaves only leucine, methionine, and threonine increased. Levels of amino acids, such as tyrosine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and alanine, declined in infested leaves. Under water stress asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, and histidine also declined compared to controls. This indicates that while proteolysis occurred under both stresses, metabolic conversion of amino acids was different under the two stresses. In ACP infested leaves some amino acids may be used as feeding material and/or converted into secondary metabolites for defense.

关键词： amino acids citrus Diaphorina citri polyamines

Evaluation of maize inbred lines for resistance to pre-harvest aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination in the field

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The Crop Journal 2017年第3期5卷 259-264页

作者： Baozhu Guo Xiangyun Ji Xinzhi Ni Jake C.Fountain Hong Li Hamed K.Abbas robert D.Lee Brian T.Scully United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service(USDA-ARS) Crop Protection and Management Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States The University of Georgia Department of Plant PathologyTiftonGAUnited States Ecological Environment Protection Research Institute Shanghai Academy of Agricultural SciencesShanghaiChina USDA-ARS Crop Genetics and Breeding Research UnitTiftonGAUnited States Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences Millet Research InstituteChangzhiChina USDA-ARS Biological Control of Pests Research UnitStonevilleMSUnited States The University of Georgia Department of Crop and Soil SciencesTiftonGAUnited States USDA-ARS U.S.Horticultural Research LaboratoryFort PierceFLUnited States

Two important mycotoxins, aflatoxin and fumonisin, are among the most potent naturally occurring carcinogens, contaminating maize(Zea mays) and affecting crop yield and *** of maize to pre-harvest mycotoxin contamination, specifically aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and fumonisin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, is a goal in breeding programs that screen for these important traits with the aim of developing resistant commercial hybrids. We conducted two years of field evaluations on 87 inbred lines originating primarily in China and Mexico and not previously screened for *** objectives of our study were to identify resistant germplasm for breeding purposes and to examine possible relationships between resistances to the two mycotoxins. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were present in samples harvested from all lines in both *** of total aflatoxin ranged from 52.00 ± 20.00 to 1524.00 ± 396.00 μg kg^(-1),while those of fumonisin ranged from 0.60 ± 0.06 to 124.00 ± 19.50 mg kg^(-1). The inbred lines TUN15, TUN61, TUN37, CY2, and TUN49 showed the lowest aflatoxin accumulation and CN1, GT601, TUN09, TUN61, and MP717 the lowest fumonisin accumulation. TUN61 showed the lowest accumulation of both mycotoxins. This study confirmed previous observations that high levels of aflatoxin can coexist with fumonisin, with 55 maize lines showing a positive correlation coefficient between the concentrations of aflatoxin and fumonisin and 32 lines showing a negative correlation coefficient. These selected lines,particularly TUN61, may provide sources of resistance to mycotoxin contamination in breeding programs. However, the mechanism of resistance in this germplasm remains to be identified. Future research should also address factors that influence the fungus–plant interaction, such as herbivory and environmental stress.

关键词： Aflatoxin Fumonisin Inbredline Maize Mycotoxin

Small RNA Profiling Reveals Phosphorus Deficiency as a Contributing Factor in Symptom Expression for Citrus Huanglongbing Disease

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 301-310页

作者： Hongwei Zhao Ruobai Sun Ute Albrecht Chellappan Padmanabhan Airong Wanga Michael D. Coffey Thomas Girke Zonghua Wang Timothy J. Close Mikeal Roose Raymond K. Yokomi Svetlana Folimonova Georgios Vidalakis robert Rouse Kim D. Bowman Hailing Jin Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Institute for Integrative Genome Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA Present address: Department of Plant Pathology College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA US Horticultural Research Laboratory US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 2001 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 USA Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002-China San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Research Center US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service 9611 S. Riverbend Ave Parlier CA 93648 USA Citrus Research and Education Center University of Florida 700 Experiment Station Road Lake Alfred FL 33850 USA University of Florida 2685 State Road29 North immokaleel FL 34142 USA

Huanglongbing （HLB） is a devastating citrus disease that is associated with bacteria of the genus ＇Candidatus Liberibacter＇（Ca. L.）. Powerful diagnostic tools and management strategies are desired to control HLB. Host small RNAs （sRNA） play a vital role in regulating host responses to pathogen infection and are used as early diagnostic markers for many human diseases, including cancers. To determine whether citrus sRNAs regulate host responses to HLB, sRNAs were profiled from Citrus sinensis 10 and 14 weeks post grafting with Ca. L. asiaticus （Las）-positive or healthy tissue. Ten new microRNAs （miRNAs）, 76 conserved miRNAs, and many small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） were discovered. Several miRNAs and siRNAs were highly induced by Las infection, and can be potentially developed into early diagnosis markers of HLB. miR399, which is induced by phosphorus starvation in other plant species, was induced specifically by infection of Las but not Spiroplasma citri that causes citrus stubborn--a disease with symptoms similar to HLB. We found a 35% reduction of phosphorus in Las-positive citrus trees compared to healthy trees. Applying phosphorus oxyanion solutions to HLB-positive sweet orange trees reduced HLB symptom severity and significantly improved fruit production during a 3-year field trial in south-west Florida. Our molecular, physiological, and field data suggest that phosphorus deficiency is linked to HLB disease symptomology.

关键词： Huanglongbing small RNA miRNA399 disease diagnosis phosphorus deficiency.