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Understanding pediatric surgical needs in North Korea: a modeling analysis

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World Journal of Pediatric surgery 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： phillip J Hsu sangchul Yoon Kee B Park University of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Department of Global Health and social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Department of Medical Humanitiesand social sciences Yonsei University SeoulSouth Korea

Background sixty-five percent of children worldwide lack access to surgical care,the majority of whom live in low-income and middle-income countries(LMiCs).Developing surgical infrastructure requires information on surgical need;however,this information is often limited in *** Korea(Democratic People's Republic of Korea,DPRK)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to understand the causes of pediatric deaths due to conditions treatable with surgery in *** We used World Bank data and models from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatric deaths affecting pediatric patients(ages).We compared mortality of disease between DPRK and countries with similar economic *** Between 1990 and 2019,the number of overall pediatric deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatric deaths in DPRK were caused by surgical *** leading categories of surgical conditions were injuries(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumors(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPRK has a lower relative rate of pediatric deaths compared with other LMICs with similar gross domestic product per ***,it has a higher relative rate of pediatric deaths due to conditions requiring treatment with *** injuries contribute significantly to the high rate of pediatric deaths in *** Although DPRK may be allocating overall resources toward pediatric healthcare more efficiently than economic peers,DPRK may benefit from improvement in pediatric surgical *** availability of data and close international collaboration could be potential solutions to bridge this gap.

关键词： pediatric surgical injuries

The neglect of nonnative orthopterans as potential invaders:A call for awareness

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Insect science 2024年第4期31卷 994-1000页

作者： Anna K.Kulessa Paride Balzani Ismael soto Antonín Kouba David Renault Ali serhan Tarkan phillip J.Haubrock Ruhr University Bochum Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyBochumGermany Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5EssenGermany Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in CˇeskéBudeˇjoviceVodnˇanyCzech Republic University of Rennes CNRSECOBIO(EcosystèmesBiodiversitéEvolution)UMRRennesFrance Faculty of Fisheries Department of Basic SciencesMu˘gla SıtkıKoçman UniversityMu˘glaTurkey Department of Life and Environmental sciences Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity ofŁodzŁodzPoland Department of River Ecology and Conservation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany Center for Applied Mathematics and Bioinformatics Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMubarak Al-AbdullahKuwait

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species,there is a dearth of data on the presence,impacts,and management implications of potentially invasive orthoptera *** lack of research and inconsistent data,including risk screenings and impact assessments,is especially evident in ***,assessing the status,distribution,and potential threats of nonnative orthoptera in Europe remains challenging,impeding the development of effective management *** address this gap,we call for increased efforts to collect and curate data on non-native and possibly invasive orthoptera in *** efforts will improve our understanding of this order’s invasion dynamics,facilitate the identification of priority areas for conservation,and support the development of effective management policies and preventive measures.

关键词： costs cricket damages grasshopper impact research

Pre-operative visceral adipose tissue radiodensity is a potentially novel prognostic biomarker for early endoscopic post-operative recurrence in Crohn’s disease

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal surgery 2024年第3期16卷 740-750页

作者： phillip Gu shishir Dube Norman Gellada so Yung Choi susan Win Yoo Jin Lee shaohong Yang Talin Haritunians Gil Y Melmed Eric A Vasiliauskas Niru Bonthala Gaurav syal Andres J Yarur David Ziring shervin Rabizadeh phillip Fleshner Cindy Kallman suzanne Devkota stephan R Targan Dalin Li Dermot PB McGovern Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Biostatistics shared Resource Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of Internal Medicine Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Department of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Department of Medicine University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093United States Department of Pediatrics Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Department of surgery Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGRoUND Evidence suggests inflammatory mesenteric fat is involved in post-operative recurrence(PoR)of Crohn’s disease(CD).However,its prognostic value is INTRoDUCTIoN Crohn’s disease(CD)is a debilitating chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease(IMID)of the gastrointestinal tract that is increasing in incidence and prevalence globally[1].CD patients often undergo surgery for disease-related complic-ations and/or medically refractory ***,surgery is not curative,and many patients develop post-operative recurrence(PoR)of CD with a significant proportion eventually requiring additional *** advances in early detection and therapeutics,the contemporary 10-year risk of surgery has improved from 50%to 26%,but the risk of recurrent surgery has remained unchanged at 30%,suggesting a need to improve post-operative management strategies[2].Presently,there are two accepted strategies to mitigate PoR,but each have potential ***,patients start early post-operative pharmacologic prophylaxis within 4-6 wk after *** strategy can potentially overtreat a subset of patient who may not develop long-term disease recurrence off ***,these patients are at risk of medication-related adverse events and the direct and indirect costs associated with therapy with little or no benefit[3].The second strategy is performing early colonoscopy within 6-12 months after surgery and escalating therapy based on FooTNoTEs Author contributions:Gu P is the guarantor of the article and was involved in concept and design,data collection,statistical analysis,drafting of manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Dube s and Choi sY were involved in statistical analysis,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Gellada N,Win s,Lee YJ and Yang s were involved in the data collection,drafting of the manuscript,and final approval of manuscript;Haritunians T and Li D were involved in data analysis and interpretation,drafting

关键词： Crohn’s disease surgery Visceral adipose tissue Mesenteric adipose tissue Creeping fat Computed tomography

Thermo-kinetic characteristics on stabilizing hetero-phase interface of metal matrix composites by crystal plasticity finite element method

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 53-67页

作者： Y.B.Zhang s.J.song F.Liu state Key Laboratory of solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China Analytical&Testing Center Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi’an 710072China

Using dislocation-based constitutive modeling in three-dimension crystal plasticity finite element(3D CPFE)simulations,co-deformation and instability of hetero-phase interface in different material systems were herein studied for polycrystalline metal matrix composites(MMCs).Local stress and strain fields in two types of 3layer MMCs such as fcc/fcc Cu-Ag and fcc/bcc Cu-Nb have been predicted under simple compressive ***,more severe strain-induced interface instability can be observed in the fcc/bcc systems than in the fcc/fcc systems upon refining to metallic nanolayered composites(MNCs).By detailed analysis of stress and strain localization,it has been demonstrated that the interface instability is always accompanied by high-stress concentration,i.e.,thermodynamic characteristics,or high strain prevention i.e.,kinetic characteristics,at the hetero-phase *** then follows that the thermodynamic driving forceG and the kinetic energy barrier Q during dislocation and shear banding can be adopted to classify the deformation modes,following the so-called thermo-kinetic *** by inserting a high density of high-energy interfaces into the Cu-Nb composites,such thermo-kinetic integration at the hetero-phase interface allows a successful establishment of MMCs with the high△G-high Q deformation mode,which ensures high hardening and uniform strain distri-bution,thus efficiently suppressing the shear band,stabilizing the hetero-phase interface,and obtaining an exceptional combination in strength and *** hetero-phase interface chosen by a couple of thermodynamics and kinetics can be defined as breaking the thermo-kinetic correlation and has been proposed for artificially designing MNCs.

关键词： Thermodynamics and kinetics Physics-based constitutive modeling Hetero-phase interface Crystal plasticity finite element

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma treatment paradigm after HK0501–a potential way forward

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Cancer Communications 2022年第9期42卷 801-803页

作者： sharon s Poh Joseph ts Wee Department of Radiation oncology National Cancer Centre SingaporeSingapore 169610Singapore oncology Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore 169857Singapore

The Hong Kong Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma(NPC)study Group 0501 trial(HK0501)is the first trial that directly compares induction(IC)versus adjuvant chemotherapy(AC)both given together with concurrent chemoradiation(CCRT)treatment,which long has been a contentious issue[1].Its most salient finding is that when adjusted for platinum doses and other significant factors,the timing of the chemotherapy sequence is not *** the era where chemotherapy is administered at maximum tolerated doses(MTD),the induction strategy has the advantage because of better *** the other hand,with the realization that there may be more ways to skin a cat,adjuvant metronomic chemotherapy has gained traction at the 2021 American society of Clinical oncology(AsCo)meeting[2]and provides an alternative to the decades’old dogma of *** chemotherapy works by exerting an anti-angiogenic effect[3-6]and also has immune effects like removing regulatory T cells(Tregs)[7]and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDsCs)from the tumour microenvironment[8]and causing dendritic cell maturation,which upregulates and primes the anti-tumor T cell immune response[9,10].Pediatricians are probably the first to successfully incorporate 2 years of maintenance metronomic chemotherapy in their childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia protocols[11]which now boast cure rates of over 90%[12].

关键词： doses Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

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全面系统学习把握习近平文化思想

中国蒙古学（蒙文） 2024年第1期 1-17页

作者：策·杰尔嘎拉不详

Development of a Long-Term operational optimization Model for a Building Energy system supplied by a Geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal science 2022年第5期31卷 1293-1301页

作者： KÜMPEL Alexander sToFFEL phillip MÜLLER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateAachen 52074Germany

In order to reduce energy consumption and Co_(2) emissions in the building sector, more and more renewable energy sources are integrated into energy systems. Especially geothermal fields combined with heat pumps are able to supply buildings with heat and cold at low carbon emissions. However, using geothermal fields as heat and cold source influences the ground temperature. Consequently, the ground temperature can change dramatically over a building’s lifetime, leading to less efficient operation of the energy system. Therefore, a sustainable operation is required to ensure the long-term efficiency of geothermal fields. In this paper, we develop an optimization model to derive operating strategies for an efficient long-term operation of a building energy system coupled to a geothermal field. The investigated energy system is the main building of the *** Energy Research Center in Aachen, Germany, which includes a heat pump, two boilers, a combined heat, and power unit, a glycol cooler, and a geothermal field with 41 probes. For each component, we develop energy-based sub-models, which are connected to form the overall system. The geothermal field is modeled by using a g-functions approach as well as a simplified resistance-capacitance approach. To achieve short computing times and realize an optimization horizon of several years, the optimization problem is formulated as mixed-integer linear programming(MILP). The developed model is optimized regarding two different objectives: the minimization of energy costs and the minimization of long-term temperature changes in the ground. Conclusions for an efficient and sustainable operation of the field, especially for the cooling supply, can be derived from the optimization results. It is shown that a state of equilibrium should be aimed to achieve an energy-efficient operation, in which the temperature of the field is close to the initial ground temperature.

关键词： geothermal energy building energy systems operational optimization long-term operation

Cloud-Based optimal Control of Individual Borehole Heat Exchangers in a Geothermal Field

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Journal of Thermal science 2022年第5期31卷 1253-1265页

作者： sToFFEL phillip KÜMPEL Alexander MÜLLER Dirk RWTH Aachen University E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate52074 AachenGermany

Integrating renewable energy sources is a crucial component in reducing Co_(2) emissions in the building sector. In particular, shallow geothermal energy is expected to play a significant role in the regenerative energy supply of buildings. An effective control strategy for the geothermal field is crucial to reduce the overall energy consumption. This paper analyzes the benefits of controlling an existing field’s individual borehole heat exchangers(BHE) using nonlinear model predictive control(NMPC) and moving horizon estimation. The considered geothermal field consists of 41 BHEs and is used for heating and cooling. Each BHE is equipped with temperature sensors for in-and outflow and has individually controllable valves, while a central hydraulic pump feeds all BHEs. The sensor measurements are accessed through a cloud platform, enabling also set point writing for the pump speed and the valve positions. To control the BHEs individually, we propose a two-stage process. In the calibration stage, a moving horizon estimator estimates the actual borehole and ground temperatures for each BHE. In the second stage, first, a nonlinear model predictive controller optimizes the number of active BHEs necessary to meet the buildings’ energy demand. With the estimated ground temperatures as a basis, it is determined which BHEs shall be(de)-activated. The active BHEs are fed with a fixed volume flow of 24 L/min to ensure turbulent heat transfer. To reduce the power usage of the pumps, an optimal control problem based on a simple hydraulic model of the geothermal field is used. The methodology is analyzed through simulations first and then validated experimentally. The results show that half or more of the BHEs could be deactivated most of the time, leading to 67% savings in electricity consumption by the hydraulic pump. The experimental validation confirms the high energy saving potential of the proposed methodology, reducing the consumption of electrical energy by 71%. Additiona

关键词： geothermal energy moving horizon estimation model predictive control operation optimization optimal control

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

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Journal of sport and Health science 2022年第1期11卷 58-66页

作者： Masafumi Terada Kyle B.Kosik Ryan s.McCann Colin Drinkard phillip A.Gribble College of sport and Health science Ritsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShiga 525-8577Japan Department of Athletic Training&Clinical Nutrition University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536-0200USA school of Rehabilitation sciences Old Dominion UniversityNorfolkVA 23529USA Westlake High school Athletics AustinTX 78746USA

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy ***:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants *** motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CsP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing ***:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CsP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CsP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CsP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with *** research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

关键词： Ankle sprain Joint instability Motor cortex Postural control