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Contr.sting tr.atment and outcomes of septic shock： pr.sentation on hospital floor. ver.us emer.ency depar.ment

Chinese Medical Jour.al 2010年第24期123卷 3550-3553页

作者： WANG Zhen Chr.sm Schor. Kr.stal Hunter.r. phillip Dellinger Depar.ment of Emer.ency Medicine Beijing Shijitan Hospital Beijing 100038 China Depar.ment of Cr.tical Car. Medicine Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ USA Biostatistics Gr.up Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Cooper University Hospital Camden NJ USA

Backgr.und Patients with septic shock have a high mor.ality. This study used the Sur.iving Sepsis Campaign （SSC）database to compar. char.cter.stics, tr.atments and outcomes of septic shock patients diagnosed in the emer.ency depar.ment （ED） to patients developing septic shock on hospital floor. （HF）.Methods The studied population included patients admitted to the intensive car. unit （ICU） of an ur.an ter.iar. car. medical center.over.an 18-month per.od. Acute physiology and chr.nic health evaluation （APACHE Ⅱ） scor.s, need for.mechanical ventilation （MV）, per.or.ance on four.of the SSC r.suscitation bundle indicator., ICU length of stay （LOS）,hospital LOS and in-hospital mor.ality wer. *** Sixty-six ED and 27 HF septic shock patients wer. included in this study. Ur.nar. tr.ct infections （UTI） and pneumonia wer. the two most common sites of infection in the ED patients. The sour.es of infection for.HF septic shock patients wer. fair.y well distr.buted acr.ss etiologies. The time to achieve super.or.vena cava oxygen satur.tion （ScvO2）＞ 70% in HF patients （（10.8±9.1） hour.） was longer.when compar.d to the ED patients （（6.6±-6.1） hour.）（P ＜0.05）.Hospital mor.ality for.the ED and HF patients wer. 25.8% and 59.3%, r.spectively （P ＜0.05）. Use of MV dur.ng the fir.t 24 hour. of shock was 44% in the ED patients and 70% in the HF patients （P ＜0.05） and was linked to *** When compar.d to HF patients, ED septic shock patients have lower.in-hospital mor.ality, ther. was less use of MV dur.ng the fir.t 24 hour. following onset of septic shock and the HF patients r.quir.d a longer.time to achieve tar.et ScvO2. The need for.mechanical ventilation is independently associated with incr.ased mor.ality.

关键词： septic shock mechanical ventilation mor.ality

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Development of a Long-Ter. Oper.tional Optimization Model for.a Building Ener.y System Supplied by a Geother.al Field

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2022年第5期31卷 1293-1301页

作者： KÜMPEL Alexander.STOFFEL phillip MÜLLEr.Dir. r.TH Aachen Univer.ity E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor ClimateAachen 52074Germany

In or.er.to r.duce ener.y consumption and CO_(2) emissions in the building sector. mor. and mor. r.newable ener.y sour.es ar. integr.ted into ener.y systems. Especially geother.al fields combined with heat pumps ar. able to supply buildings with heat and cold at low car.on emissions. However. using geother.al fields as heat and cold sour.e influences the gr.und temper.tur.. Consequently, the gr.und temper.tur. can change dr.matically over.a building’s lifetime, leading to less efficient oper.tion of the ener.y system. Ther.for., a sustainable oper.tion is r.quir.d to ensur. the long-ter. efficiency of geother.al fields. In this paper. we develop an optimization model to der.ve oper.ting str.tegies for.an efficient long-ter. oper.tion of a building ener.y system coupled to a geother.al field. The investigated ener.y system is the main building of the *** Ener.y r.sear.h Center.in Aachen, Ger.any, which includes a heat pump, two boiler., a combined heat, and power.unit, a glycol cooler. and a geother.al field with 41 pr.bes. For.each component, we develop ener.y-based sub-models, which ar. connected to for. the over.ll system. The geother.al field is modeled by using a g-functions appr.ach as well as a simplified r.sistance-capacitance appr.ach. To achieve shor. computing times and r.alize an optimization hor.zon of sever.l year., the optimization pr.blem is for.ulated as mixed-integer.linear.pr.gr.mming(MILP). The developed model is optimized r.gar.ing two differ.nt objectives: the minimization of ener.y costs and the minimization of long-ter. temper.tur. changes in the gr.und. Conclusions for.an efficient and sustainable oper.tion of the field, especially for.the cooling supply, can be der.ved fr.m the optimization r.sults. It is shown that a state of equilibr.um should be aimed to achieve an ener.y-efficient oper.tion, in which the temper.tur. of the field is close to the initial gr.und temper.tur..

关键词： geother.al ener.y building ener.y systems oper.tional optimization long-ter. oper.tion

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Cloud-Based Optimal Contr.l of Individual Bor.hole Heat Exchanger. in a Geother.al Field

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Jour.al of Ther.al Science 2022年第5期31卷 1253-1265页

作者： STOFFEL phillip KÜMPEL Alexander.MÜLLEr.Dir. r.TH Aachen Univer.ity E.ON Energy Research CenterInstitute for Energy Efficient Buildings and Indoor Climate52074 AachenGermany

Integr.ting r.newable ener.y sour.es is a cr.cial component in r.ducing CO_(2) emissions in the building sector. In par.icular. shallow geother.al ener.y is expected to play a significant r.le in the r.gener.tive ener.y supply of buildings. An effective contr.l str.tegy for.the geother.al field is cr.cial to r.duce the over.ll ener.y consumption. This paper.analyzes the benefits of contr.lling an existing field’s individual bor.hole heat exchanger.(BHE) using nonlinear.model pr.dictive contr.l(NMPC) and moving hor.zon estimation. The consider.d geother.al field consists of 41 BHEs and is used for.heating and cooling. Each BHE is equipped with temper.tur. sensor. for.in-and outflow and has individually contr.llable valves, while a centr.l hydr.ulic pump feeds all BHEs. The sensor.measur.ments ar. accessed thr.ugh a cloud platfor., enabling also set point wr.ting for.the pump speed and the valve positions. To contr.l the BHEs individually, we pr.pose a two-stage pr.cess. In the calibr.tion stage, a moving hor.zon estimator.estimates the actual bor.hole and gr.und temper.tur.s for.each BHE. In the second stage, fir.t, a nonlinear.model pr.dictive contr.ller.optimizes the number.of active BHEs necessar. to meet the buildings’ ener.y demand. With the estimated gr.und temper.tur.s as a basis, it is deter.ined which BHEs shall be(de)-activated. The active BHEs ar. fed with a fixed volume flow of 24 L/min to ensur. tur.ulent heat tr.nsfer. To r.duce the power.usage of the pumps, an optimal contr.l pr.blem based on a simple hydr.ulic model of the geother.al field is used. The methodology is analyzed thr.ugh simulations fir.t and then validated exper.mentally. The r.sults show that half or.mor. of the BHEs could be deactivated most of the time, leading to 67% savings in electr.city consumption by the hydr.ulic pump. The exper.mental validation confir.s the high ener.y saving potential of the pr.posed methodology, r.ducing the consumption of electr.cal ener.y by 71%. Additiona

关键词： geother.al ener.y moving hor.zon estimation model pr.dictive contr.l oper.tion optimization optimal contr.l

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Fr.m bench to bedside： bipolar.andr.gen ther.py in a pilot clinical study

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Asian Jour.al of Andr.logy 2015年第5期17卷 767-768页

作者： Qing Zhang phillip J Gr.y Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Singapore General Hospital Singapore Depar.ment of r.diationOncology Massachusetts General Hospital HarvardMedical School Boston MA USA

Pr.state cancer.r.mains a leading cause of cancer.death in Eur.pe andthe United States and is an emer.ing pr.blem in Asia despite significant impr.vements in available tr.atments over.the last few decades. Andr.gen depr.vation ther.py （ADT） has been the cor. tr.atment of advance-staged disease since the discover. of pr.state cancer.s andr.gen dependence in 1941 by Huggins et al. Options for.initial medical tr.atment include gonadotr.pin-r.leasing hor.one analogues such as leupr.lide （LHr. agonist） and degar.lix （LHr. antagonist） and andr.gen r.ceptor.（Ar. binding agents such as bicalutamide. Although most patients will initially r.spond to either.sur.ical or.medical castr.tion, ther. is almost always pr.gr.ssion to castr.tion-r.sistant pr.state cancer.（Cr.C） necessitating tr.atment with mor. novel agents. However. even dr.gs such as abir.ter.ne and enzalutamide, two next-gener.tion agents used commonly in metastatic Cr.C, have failed to demonstr.te per.istent efficacy in most patients.

关键词： advance-staged next-gener.tion bicalutamide

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Temper.tur.-dependent development of Xylebor.s for.icatus （Coleopter.： Scolytidae）, the shot-hole bor.r.of tea in Sr. Lanka： Implications for.distr.bution and abundance

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 301-308页

作者： r.VINDr. SAMPATH WALGAMA MYr.N phillip ZALUCKI SchoolofIntegr.tiveBiology UniversityofQueenslandSt.LuciaQueensland4072Australia

The effect of temper.tur. on the r.te of development of Xylebor.s for.icatus （Eichh.） was deter.ined by r.ar.ng individuals under.a r.nge of constant temper.tur.s （15 - 32℃）. r.tes of development changed in a linear.fashion over.a wide r.nge of temper.tur.s. Estimates of lower.development thr.sholds wer. obtained for.eggs （15.7±0.5℃）, lar.ae （15.8±0.8℃） and pupae （14.3±1.4℃） and the degr.e days （DD） for.development wer. 70±4.4, 95±8.5 and 72±5.1 DD, r.spectively. Optimum temper.tur. for.development was ar.und 30~C for.all stages. Temper.tur. fluctuation in cooler.High Countr. ar.as （above 1400 m） with a mean temper.tur. ar.und 15℃ seems to be cr.tical for.the development of the pest, which may be r.sponsible for.the near.absence of pest in those ar.as. Temper.tur. fluctuations （18- 30℃） in the Mid Countr. r.gion （600- 1200 m） favor.the development of the pest compar.d to development under.constant conditions. The altitudinal distr.bution of the shot-hole bor.r.acr.ss tea gr.wing ar.as in Sr. Lanka is, ther.for., mainly gover.ed by temper.tur..

关键词： damage levels degr.e-days developmental thr.sholds tea gr.wing r.gions

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Public r.sk Per.eption Attitude and Infor.ation-Seeking Efficacy on Floods:A For.ative Study for.Disaster.Pr.par.tion Campaigns and Policies

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Disaster.r.sk Science 2020年第5期11卷 592-601页

作者： Do Kyun David Kim T.phillip Madison Depar.ment of Communication University of Louisiana at LafayetteLafayette.LA 70503USA

Floods ar. among the most fr.quent and devastating natur.l hazar.s and disaster. in many souther. states in the United *** study examined the r.lationship and r.cipr.cal pr.dictability between two theor.tical constr.cts-r.sk per.eption attitude(r.A)and infor.ationseeking efficacy(ISE)——in r.gar. to pluvial *** addition,this study extended these theor.tical constr.cts to investigate differ.nces in r.A and ISE among potential audience segments,pr.viding pr.ctitioner. with applicable insights for.designing effective flood pr.vention and r.sk management *** of data fr.m 716 r.sidents in south Louisiana r.vealed a statistically str.ng r.lationship between r.A and *** r.sear.h also identified specific audience segments that would benefit fr.m an incr.ase in r.A and ISE concer.ing *** meaningful findings infonn a discussion of the theor.tical and pr.ctical implications of the r.lationship between r.A and ISE and guide futur. disaster.pr.par.tion campaigns and policies.

关键词： Communication campaign Disaster.pr.par.tion Flood victims Infor.ation-seeking efficacy Pluvial flood r.sk per.eption attitude

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Modeling hydr.logic r.sponses using multi-site and single-site r.infall gener.tor. in a semi-ar.d water.hed

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Inter.ational Soil and Water.Conser.ation r.sear.h 2022年第2期10卷 177-187页

作者： Ying Zhao Mar. A.Near.ng David phillip Guer.in State Key Labor.tor. of Simulation and r.gulation of the Water.Cycle in r.ver.Basins China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing100048China USDA-Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h Ser.ice Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA School of Natur.l r.sour.es and the Envir.nment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85719USA

Hydr.logic r.sponse in a water.hed is dr.ven by ***-site r.infall gener.tor. can be used to model water.heds using spatially var.ed r.infall inputs to better.analyze how the r.infall var.ability affects r.noff *** study adopted both a single-site r.infall gener.tor.CLIGEN)and a multi-site r.infall gener.tor.to gener.te two r.infall data sequences,which wer. then used to dr.ve the Soil and Water.Assessment Tool(SWAT)for.r.noff *** 148-km2 Walnut Gulch Exper.mental Water.hed and its two sub-water.heds wer. selected to evaluate the hydr.logic *** calibr.tion was done against measur.d r.noff in the *** showed that the single-site and multi-site r.infall gener.tor. gave similar.r.sults r.gar.ing annual ***,the multi-site gener.tor.per.or.ed much better.than the single-site gener.tor.in both mean summer.flow and for.the differ.nt r.tur. per.od *** r.noff der.ved fr.m the single-site gener.tor.was significantly over.estimated in all thr.e *** for.the multi-site gener.tor.the der.ved r.noff was satisfactor.ly pr.dicted in the smaller.water.heds but only over.stimated in the lar.est *** indicated that in small to medium sized water.heds,the spatial var.ability of r.infall could play an impor.ant r.le for.hydr.logic r.sponse because of the heter.geneity of convective r.infall in this semi-ar.d r.gion,which makes the application of multi-site r.infall gener.tor.a better.option than the single-site gener.tor.

关键词： r.infall gener.tor Hydr.logic r.sponse Water.hed modeling Semi-ar.d Spatial var.ability r.noff

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Or.gin of Phosphor.te Nodules of Lebedinsky Ir.n Deposit in Kur.k Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) of the r.ssian Platfor.

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Jour.al of China Univer.ity of Geosciences 2005年第2期16卷 170-177,182页

作者： Tour.a Kamaye phillip r.manovitch Faculty of Ear.h r.sour.es China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Department of Mineral ResourcesMoscow State Geological Prospecting AcademyMoscow 17873Russia

Phosphor.te has become incr.asingly impor.ant as the r.w mater.al for.phosphatic fer.ilizer. Phosphor.te nodules ar. widespr.ad in the Kur.k complex deposit (r.ssian platfor.). Genesis of these nodules has long been a matter.of debate, and this has hamper.d under.tanding of the mechanism and contr.ls in the for.ation of the nodules. In this paper. we r.por. the petr.gr.phical, miner.logical, and geochemical data of the Lebedinsky phosphor.te nodules. Petr.gr.phic study r.veals complex phosphatic cement r.sulting in the r.placement of apatite miner.ls ar.und quar.z gr.ins. The main miner.l composition consists of quar.z, phosphate miner.ls (apatite, fr.ncolite mainly), feldspar. ir.n hydr.xides and car.onate miner.ls. These r.sults, when combined with available data, ar. used to addr.ss the or.gin of the phosphor.te nodules. The nodules ar. char.cter.zed by the univer.al pr.sence of biogenic and chemical signatur.s which is phosphor.s cr.wn ar.und cr.stal gr.ins. The str.ctur. of the nodules is massive. Their.textur. is depicted by basaltic cement and concr.tion, which consists mainly of apatite and its var.eties, with gener.l for.ula: Ca_10 (PO_4, CO_3) 6(F,OH,Cl). Var.ation of miner.logy appear. dependent on geological setting. Micr.scopic obser.ations of biogenic fossils in Lebedinsky phosphor.te favor.a chemical and biogenic or.gin of phosphor.tes. Weather.ng has been suggested to be capable of liber.ting as much as 20 %-35 % P_2O_5 fr.m sedimentar. r.cks. Pr.vious investigations demonstr.te that weather.ng of the Pr.ter.zoic substr.tum was the main cause in the for.ation of Fe, Mo, Mn, Pb, Zn, and P in the r.ssian platfor.. We ther.for. suggest that both weather.ng and biochemical pr.cesses have been positive in the for.ation of the Lebedinsky phospor.te nodules. However. whether.continental weather.ng or.oceanic bio-chemical pr.cesses ar. mor. r.levant in the phosphor.te accumulation r.mains undeter.ined.

关键词： nodular.phosphor.te Kur.k magnetic anomaly r.ssian platfor. weather.ng bio-chemical pr.cess

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Inor.anic nanopar.icles and the micr.biome

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Nano r.sear.h 2018年第10期11卷 4936-4954页

作者： Kunyu Qiu phillip G. Dur.am Aar.n C. Anselmo Division of Phar.acoengineer.ng and Molecular.Phar.aceutics Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina atChapel Hill Chapel Hill NC27599 USA

r.utine exposur. to inor.anic nanopar.icles （NPs） that ar. incor.or.ted into consumer.pr.ducts such as foods/dr.nks, packaging mater.als, phar.aceuticals, and per.onal car. pr.ducts （e.g. cosmetics, sunscr.ens, shampoos） occur. on a daily basis. The standar. ever.day use of these pr.ducts facilitates inter.ctions between the incor.or.ted inor.anic NPs, mammalian tissues （e.g. skin, gastr.intestinal tr.ct, or.l cavity）, and the community of micr.bes that r.sides on these tissues. Changes to the micr.biome have been linked to the initiation/ pr.gr.ssion of many diseases and ther. is a gr.wing inter.st focused on under.tanding how inor.anic NPs can initiate these changes. As these mechanisms ar. r.vealed and defined, it may be possible to r.tionally design micr.biota- modulating ther.pies based on inor.anic NPs. In this ar.icle, we will：（i） pr.vide a backgr.und on inor.anic NPs that ar. commonly found in consumer.pr.ducts such as those that incor.or.te titanium, zinc, silver. silica, or.ir.n, （ii） discuss how NP pr.per.ies, micr.biota composition, and the physiological micr.envir.nment can mediate the effects that inor.anic NPs have on the micr.biota, and （iii） highlight oppor.unities for.inor.anic NP ther.pies that ar. designed to inter.ct with, and navigate, the micr.biome.

关键词： inor.anic nanopar.icles micr.biota micr.biome bacter.a metals

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Inter.ctions between hepatic ir.n and lipid metabolism with possible r.levance to steatohepatitis

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.enter.logy 2012年第34期18卷 4651-4658页

作者： Umbr.en Ahmed Patr.cia S Latham phillip S Oates Depar.ment of Physiology Army Medical CollegeNational University of Sciences and TechnologyRawalpindi 46000Pakistan Depar.ment of Pathology The George Washington School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDC 20037United States Physiology M311 AnatomyPhysiology and Human BiologyUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWA 6009 Australia

The liver.is an impor.ant site for.ir.n and lipid metabolism and the main site for.the inter.ctions between these two metabolic pathways. Although conflicting r.sults have been obtained, most studies suppor. the hypothesis that ir.n plays a r.le in hepatic lipogenesis. Ir.n is an integr.l par. of some enzymes and tr.nspor.er. involved in lipid metabolism and, as such, may exer. a dir.ct effect on hepatic lipid load, intr.hepatic metabolic pathways and hepatic lipid secr.tion. On the other.hand, ir.n in its fer.ous for. may indir.ctly affect lipid metabolism thr.ugh its ability to induce oxidative str.ss and inflammation, a hypothesis which is cur.ently the focus of much r.sear.h in the field of nonalcoholic fatty liver.disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NAFLD/NASH). The pr.sent r.view will fir.t discuss how ir.n might dir.ctly inter.ct with the metabolism of hepatic lipids and then consider.a new per.pective on the way in which ir.n may have a r.le in the two hit hypothesis for.the pr.gr.ssion of NAFLD via fer.opor.inand the ir.n r.gulator. molecule hepcidin. The r.view concludes that ir.n has impor.ant inter.ctions with lipid metabolism in the liver.that can impact on the development of NAFLD/NASH. Mor. defined studies ar. r.quir.d to impr.ve our.under.tanding of these effects.

关键词： Lipids Ir.n Non-alcoholic fatty liver.dis-ease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepcidin Oxidativestr.ss

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