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Behavior.l and Neur.biological Assessments of Pr.dator.Based Fear.Conditioning and Extinction

Jour.al of Behavior.l and Br.in Science 2016年第8期6卷 337-356页

作者： Joshua D. Halonen phillip r. zoladz Collin r. Par. David M. Diamond Depar.ment of Psychology University of Tampa Tampa Florida USA Depar.ment of Psychology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA Depar.ment of Psychology Sociology & Criminal Justice Ohio Northern University Ada Ohio USA Depar.ment of Molecular.Phar.acology & Physiology University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA Center.for.Pr.clinical & Clinical r.sear.h on PTSD University of South Florida Tampa Florida USA

Shock, immobilization, and exposur. to pr.dator.r.lated stimuli have all been used to study fear.conditioning in r.dents, but they have never.been used in conjunction in a single study. Exper.ment 1 compar.d the effects of these thr.e r.infor.er., alone and in var.ous combinations, on the expr.ssion of long-ter. conditioned fear.memor. and extinction in adult male r.ts. Wher.as foot shock conditioning, alone, was r.pidly extinguished;the combination of immobilization and cat exposur., or.all 3 stimuli together. pr.duced a significant incr.ase in the magnitude of fear.conditioning and gr.ater.r.sistance to extinction, which per.isted for.at least 5 weeks post-tr.ining (p r.ment 2 assessed the r.le of the hippocampus in pr.dator.based context and cued fear.conditioning. Phar.acological suppr.ssion of hippocampal activity dur.ng fear.conditioning pr.duced a selective impair.ent of contextual, but not cued, fear.memor.. Exper.ment 3 investigated the effects of sleep depr.vation pr.or.to fear.conditioning on the expr.ssion of fear.memor.. This exper.ment demonstr.ted that pr.-tr.ining sleep depr.vation blocked the expr.ssion of contextual (hippocampal-dependent), but not cued (hippocampal-independent), fear.memor.. Over.ll, this ser.es of exper.ments has extended the use of pr.dator.exposur. in conjunction with conventional r.infor.er., such as foot shock and immobilization, to advance our.under.tanding of the neur.biology of tr.umatic memor..

关键词： Fear.Conditioning Pr.dator.Exposur. Hippocampus Sleep Depr.vation

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Female Car.ier. of the Met Allele of the BDNF Val66Met Polymor.hism Develop Weaker.Fear.Memor.es in a Fear.Potentiated Star.le Par.digm

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Jour.al of Behavior.l and Br.in Science 2022年第5期12卷 211-235页

作者： phillip r. zoladz Mackenzie r. r.ggenbach Jor.an N. Weiser.Jennifer.J. Hipskind Leighton E. Wir.man Kelsey L. Hess Tessa J. Duffy Julie K. Handel MacKenzie G. Kaschalk Kassidy E. r.neau Br.anne E. Mosley Psychology Pr.gr.m The School of Health and Behavioral Sciences Ohio Northern University Ada USA

The val66met polymor.hism of the bdnf gene, which is associated with compr.mised br.in-der.ved neur.tr.phic factor.(BDNF) signaling, impair.d synaptic plasticity, and impair.d lear.ing, may incr.ase one’s susceptibility to str.ss- and anxiety-r.lated disor.er.. Indeed, pr.vious wor. has r.por.ed gr.ater.anxiety-r.lated behavior. and impair.ents of fear.conditioning and extinction in individuals who car.y the met allele that r.sults fr.m this polymor.hism. Never.heless, findings in this ar.a of r.sear.h have been equivocal. Thus, we examined the influence of the val66met polymor.hism on fear.conditioning, extinction, and extinction memor. testing. One hundr.d and twenty healthy par.icipants completed differ.ntial fear.conditioning in a fear.potentiated star.le par.digm, followed by extinction and extinction memor. testing 24 and 48 hr.later. r.spectively. Par.icipants wer. genotyped for.the val66met polymor.hism and divided into met allele car.ier. and non-car.ier.. r.sults r.vealed that, although both met-car.ier. and non-car.ier. developed conditioned fear. met-car.ier. exhibited significantly weaker.fear.acquisition than non-car.ier.. This differ.nce per.isted thr.ughout extinction and extinction memor. testing and, dur.ng these last two days of testing, was pr.mar.ly evident in females. These r.sults ar. consistent with pr.vious wor. demonstr.ting that this polymor.hism is associated with impair.d amygdala-dependent fear.lear.ing and extend such findings by demonstr.ting that females may be mor. sensitive to such effects.

关键词： Fear.Conditioning Extinction Polymor.hism BDNF Val66Met Star.le

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Under.tanding pediatr.c sur.ical needs in Nor.h Kor.a: a modeling analysis

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Wor.d Jour.al of Pediatr.c Sur.er. 2024年第1期7卷 47-53页

作者： phillip J Hsu Sangchul Yoon Kee B Par. Univer.ity of Michigan Ann ArborMichiganUSA Depar.ment of Global Health and Social Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA Depar.ment of Medical Humanitiesand Social Sciences Yonsei Univer.ity SeoulSouth Korea

Backgr.und Sixty-five per.ent of childr.n wor.dwide lack access to sur.ical car.,the major.ty of whom live in low-income and middle-income countr.es(LMiCs).Developing sur.ical infr.str.ctur. r.quir.s infor.ation on sur.ical need;however.this infor.ation is often limited in *** Kor.a(Democr.tic People's r.public of Kor.a,DPr.)has a low amount of publicly available ***,we analyzed available modeled data to under.tand the causes of pediatr.c deaths due to conditions tr.atable with sur.er. in *** We used Wor.d Bank data and models fr.m the Institute for.Health Metr.cs and Evaluation to identify causes of pediatr.c deaths affecting pediatr.c patients(ager.).We compar.d mor.ality of disease between DPr. and countr.es with similar.economic *** Between 1990 and 2019,the number.of over.ll pediatr.c deaths has *** 2019,32.2%of allpediatr.c deaths in DPr. wer. caused by sur.ical *** leading categor.es of sur.ical conditions wer. injur.es(53.9%),congenital conditions(34.2%),tumor.(8.8%),and abdominal conditions(3.2%).DPr. has a lower.r.lative r.te of pediatr.c deaths compar.d with other.LMICs with similar.gr.ss domestic pr.duct per.***,it has a higher.r.lative r.te of pediatr.c deaths due to conditions r.quir.ng tr.atment with *** injur.es contr.bute significantly to the high r.te of pediatr.c deaths in *** Although DPr. may be allocating over.ll r.sour.es towar. pediatr.c healthcar. mor. efficiently than economic peer.,DPr. may benefit fr.m impr.vement in pediatr.c sur.ical *** availability of data and close inter.ational collabor.tion could be potential solutions to br.dge this gap.

关键词： pediatr.c sur.ical injur.es

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Density Functional Calculations of the Mechanical, Electr.nic and Dynamical Pr.per.ies of Antiper.vskite Ca₃BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn)

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Open Jour.al of Micr.physics 2024年第1期14卷 1-12页

作者： phillip Wilfsen Otieno Nyawer. Depar.ment of Physical and Biological Sciences Kabarak University Nakuru Kenya

An analysis of mechanical, electr.nic and dynamical pr.per.ies of antiper.vskite Ca3BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn) in cubic phase space gr.up Pm-3m (221) has been studied using fir.t pr.nciple density functional theor. (DFT). Gr.und state ener.y computation was done using the Pr.jector.Augmented Wave (PAW) Pseudo Potentials and the Plane Wave (PW) basis set. The Gener.lized Gr.dient Appr.ximation (GGA) was used for.the exchange cor.elation. The open sour.e code QUANTUM ESPr.SSO (QE) was used in this study in which plane wave basis sets ar. applied for.the expansion of the electr.nic str.ctur. wave function. Ther.o_pw as a post-pr.cessing code was used for.the computation of mechanical pr.per.ies including bulk modulus and elastic constants with their.der.vatives. The lattice par.meter. ar. her. calculated to be 4.87 Å, 4.86 Å and 4.84 Å for.Ca3BO (B = Pb, Ge, Sn) r.spectively which compar.s well with other.wor.s. This also shows that the thr.e cr.stals ar. similar.in size and in most of their.pr.per.ies. In addition to this, pr.jected density of states and band str.ctur. ar. also computed both showing that these mater.als ar. of semi-metallic natur. and ar. stable in cubic phase. Phonon modes at gamma ar. also r.por.ed.

关键词： Antiper.vskite Elastic Constants Gener.lized Gr.dient Appr.ximation

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The neglect of nonnative or.hopter.ns as potential invader.:A call for.awar.ness

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 994-1000页

作者： Anna K.Kulessa Par.de Balzani Ismael Soto Antonín Kouba David r.nault Ali Ser.an Tar.an phillip J.Haubr.ck r.hr.Univer.ity Bochum Faculty of Biology and BiotechnologyBochumGermany Faculty of Biology University of Duisburg-EssenUniversitätsstraße 5EssenGermany Faculty of Fisher.es and Pr.tection of Water. South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of HydrocenosesUniversity of South Bohemia in CˇeskéBudeˇjoviceVodnˇanyCzech Republic Univer.ity of r.nnes CNRSECOBIO(EcosystèmesBiodiversitéEvolution)UMRRennesFrance Faculty of Fisher.es Department of Basic SciencesMu˘gla SıtkıKoçman UniversityMu˘glaTurkey Depar.ment of Life and Envir.nmental Sciences Bournemouth UniversityPooleDorsetUK Faculty of Biology and Envir.nmental Pr.tection Department of Ecology and Vertebrate ZoologyUniversity ofŁodzŁodzPoland Depar.ment of r.ver.Ecology and Conser.ation Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum FrankfurtGelnhausenGermany Center.for.Applied Mathematics and Bioinfor.atics Gulf University for Science and TechnologyMubarak Al-AbdullahKuwait

Despite the potential ecological and economic impacts of invasive species,ther. is a dear.h of data on the pr.sence,impacts,and management implications of potentially invasive Or.hopter. *** lack of r.sear.h and inconsistent data,including r.sk scr.enings and impact assessments,is especially evident in ***,assessing the status,distr.bution,and potential thr.ats of nonnative Or.hopter. in Eur.pe r.mains challenging,impeding the development of effective management *** addr.ss this gap,we call for.incr.ased effor.s to collect and cur.te data on non-native and possibly invasive Or.hopter. in *** effor.s will impr.ve our.under.tanding of this or.er.s invasion dynamics,facilitate the identification of pr.or.ty ar.as for.conser.ation,and suppor. the development of effective management policies and pr.ventive measur.s.

关键词： costs cr.cket damages gr.sshopper impact r.sear.h

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Pr.-oper.tive viscer.l adipose tissue r.diodensity is a potentially novel pr.gnostic biomar.er.for.ear.y endoscopic post-oper.tive r.cur.ence in Cr.hn’s disease

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Wor.d Jour.al of Gastr.intestinal Sur.er. 2024年第3期16卷 740-750页

作者： phillip Gu Shishir.Dube Nor.an Gellada So Yung Choi Susan Win Yoo Jin Lee Shaohong Yang Talin Har.tunians Gil Y Melmed Er.c A Vasiliauskas Nir. Bonthala Gaur.v Syal Andr.s J Yar.r.David Zir.ng Sher.in r.bizadeh phillip Fleshner.Cindy Kallman Suzanne Devkota Stephan r.Tar.an Dalin Li Der.ot PB McGover. Depar.ment of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Depar.ment of Imaging Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Depar.ment of Biostatistics Shar.d r.sour.e Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Keimyung University School of MedicineDaegu 42601South Korea Depar.ment of Medicine University of California at Los AngelesLos AngelesCA 90095United States Depar.ment of Medicine University of California at San DiegoSan DiegoCA 92093United States Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States Depar.ment of Sur.er. Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCA 90048United States

BACKGr.UND Evidence suggests inflammator. mesenter.c fat is involved in post-oper.tive r.cur.ence(POr.of Cr.hn’s disease(CD).However.its pr.gnostic value is INTr.DUCTION Cr.hn’s disease(CD)is a debilitating chr.nic immune-mediated inflammator. disease(IMID)of the gastr.intestinal tr.ct that is incr.asing in incidence and pr.valence globally[1].CD patients often under.o sur.er. for.disease-r.lated complic-ations and/or.medically r.fr.ctor. ***,sur.er. is not cur.tive,and many patients develop post-oper.tive r.cur.ence(POr.of CD with a significant pr.por.ion eventually r.quir.ng additional *** advances in ear.y detection and ther.peutics,the contempor.r. 10-year.r.sk of sur.er. has impr.ved fr.m 50%to 26%,but the r.sk of r.cur.ent sur.er. has r.mained unchanged at 30%,suggesting a need to impr.ve post-oper.tive management str.tegies[2].Pr.sently,ther. ar. two accepted str.tegies to mitigate POr.but each have potential ***,patients star. ear.y post-oper.tive phar.acologic pr.phylaxis within 4-6 wk after.*** str.tegy can potentially over.r.at a subset of patient who may not develop long-ter. disease r.cur.ence off ***,these patients ar. at r.sk of medication-r.lated adver.e events and the dir.ct and indir.ct costs associated with ther.py with little or.no benefit[3].The second str.tegy is per.or.ing ear.y colonoscopy within 6-12 months after.sur.er. and escalating ther.py based on FOOTNOTES Author.contr.butions:Gu P is the guar.ntor.of the ar.icle and was involved in concept and design,data collection,statistical analysis,dr.fting of manuscr.pt,and final appr.val of manuscr.pt;Dube S and Choi SY wer. involved in statistical analysis,dr.fting of the manuscr.pt,and final appr.val of manuscr.pt;Gellada N,Win S,Lee YJ and Yang S wer. involved in the data collection,dr.fting of the manuscr.pt,and final appr.val of manuscr.pt;Har.tunians T and Li D wer. involved in data analysis and inter.r.tation,dr.fting

关键词： Cr.hn’s disease Sur.er. Viscer.l adipose tissue Mesenter.c adipose tissue Cr.eping fat Computed tomogr.phy

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Neur.sur.ical and phar.acological management of dystonia

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Wor.d Jour.al of Psychiatr. 2024年第5期14卷 624-634页

作者： Ali Ahmed Mohamed Steven Far.galla Asad Khan Gar.ett Flynn Ger.ham r.inone phillip Mitchell Johansen Br.ndon Lucke-Wold Char.es E Schmidt College of Medicine Florida Atlantic UniversityBoca RatonFL 33431United States Depar.ment of Neur.sur.er. and Br.in r.pair University of South FloridaTampaFL 33606United States Depar.ment of Neur.sur.er. University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611United States

Dystonia char.cter.zes a gr.up of neur.logical movement disor.er. char.cter.zed by abnor.al muscle movements,often with r.petitive or.sustained contr.ction r.sulting in abnor.al *** types of dystonia pr.sent based on the affected body r.gions and play a pr.minent r.le in deter.ining the potential efficacy of a given *** most patients afflicted with these disor.er.,an exact cause is r.r.ly identified,so tr.atment mainly focuses on symptomatic *** agents,such as or.l anticholiner.ic administr.tion and botulinum toxin injection,play a major.r.le in the initial tr.atment of *** mor. sever. and/or.r.fr.ctor. cases,focal ar.as for.neur.sur.ical inter.ention ar. identified and tar.eted to impr.ve quality of *** br.in stimulation(DBS)tar.ets these anatomical locations to minimize dystonia *** ablation pr.cedur.s and per.pher.l dener.ation sur.er.es also offer.potential tr.atment to patients who do not r.spond to *** management options gr.nt pr.vider. and patients the ability to weigh the benefits and r.sks for.each individual patient *** r.view ar.icle explor.s these phar.acological and neur.sur.ical management modalities for.dystonia,pr.viding a compr.hensive assessment of each of their.benefits and shor.comings.

关键词： Botulinum toxin Magnetic r.sonance imaging-guided focused ultr.sound Sur.ical ablation Deep br.in stimulation Per.pher.l dener.ation sur.er. Antipsychotics

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The COVID-19 Pandemic: Pr.sent or.Gone, Wher. Do Adolescents Stand?

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 374-386页

作者： Ifueko Enadeghe Ayebo Sadoh Emmanuel U. Eyo-Ita phillip O. Abiodun Depar.ment of Child Health University of Benin Teaching Hospital Benin City Nigeria Institute of Child Health University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Intr.duction: The initial global r.sponse to the SAr.-CoV-2 pandemic focused on adults as adolescents mainly had subclinical infections. Adolescents, however. could tr.nsmit the vir.s and hence be a r.sk to the elder.y, young childr.n and immunocompr.mised. Adolescents ar. also at r.sk of long-ter. complications. This study sought to deter.ine the pr.valence of antibodies to SAr.-CoV-2 among adolescents in Souther. Niger.a, and to deter.ine the association between SAr.-CoV-2 ser.positivity and age, gender. socioeconomic class, school type and nutr.tional status. Methods: This descr.ptive cr.ss-sectional study was car.ied out in Edo state of souther. Niger.a. We r.cr.ited 270 in-school adolescents aged 10 - 19 year.. A WHO-adapted, pr.-tested questionnair. was used to obtain data on par.icipant histor. and r.sk factor.. The questionnair. was inter.iewer.administer.d. Adolescents whose par.nts gave consent wer. r.cr.ited thr.ugh a multi-stage r.ndomized sampling method. Capillar. blood for.the assay was collected and analysed using a later.l-flow immunoassay device. The pr.mar. outcome was ser.status of the study. The positive pr.dictor. of ser.status wer. finally deter.ined using a multiple logistics r.gr.ssion model. Statistical significance was set at p r.sults: The ser.pr.valence of SAr.-CoV-2 was 45.9%. IgM antibodies wer. found in 5.6% of par.icipants. Older.adolescents had higher.ser.positivity r.tes than younger.adolescents (2 = 8.101, p = 0.017). Ther. was no association between gender.and ser.positivity. Adolescents in public schools wer. mor. likely to be ser.positive than those in pr.vate schools (2 = 25.242, p = 0.001). A higher.ser.pr.valence was noticed among study par.icipants in the lower.socioeconomic class (x2 = 6.928, p = 0.031), and those in over.r.wded classes. (2 = 79.303, p = 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed a high ser.pr.valence of SAr.-CoV-2 among in-school adolescents. Behaviour.l change communication on SAr.-CoV-2, vaccination of adole

关键词： Pandemic Adolescents Ser.pr.valence COVID-19

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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.associated encephalitis: A r.view of clinicopathologic hallmar.s and multimodal imaging manifestations

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Wor.d Jour.al of r.diology 2024年第1期16卷 1-8页

作者： Br.ce David Beutler.Alastair.E Moody Jer.y Mathew Thomas Benjamin phillip Sugar.Mar. B Ulanja Daniel Antwi-Amoabeng Lucas Anthony Tsikitas Depar.ment of r.diology University of Southern CaliforniaKeck School of MedicineLos AngelesCA 90033United States Depar.ment of Anesthesiology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Christus Ochsner St.Patrick HospitalLake CharlesLA 70601United States

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.associated encephalitis(NMDAr.)is a r.r. immune-mediated neur.inflammator. condition char.cter.zed by the r.pid onset of neur.psychiatr.c symptoms and autonomic *** mechanism of pathogenesis r.mains incompletely under.tood,but is thought to be r.lated to antibodies tar.eting the GluN1 subunit of the NMDA r.ceptor.with r.sultant downstr.am dysr.gulation of dopaminer.ic *** adults ar. most fr.quently affected;the median age at diagnosis is 21 *** is a str.ng female pr.dilection with a female sex pr.dominance of 4:*** often develops as a par.neoplastic pr.cess and is most commonly associated with ovar.an ***,NMDAr. has also been descr.bed in patients with small cell lung cancer.clear.cell r.nal car.inoma,and other.benign and malignant *** is based on cor.elation of the clinical pr.sentation,electr.-encephalogr.phy,labor.tor. studies,and *** tomogr.phy,positr.n emission tomogr.phy,and magnetic r.sonance imaging ar. essential to identify an under.ying tumor.exclude clinicopathologic mimics,and pr.dict the likelihood of long-ter. functional *** imaging may be of value for.pr.gnostication and to assess the r.sponse to *** may involve high-dose cor.icoster.ids,intr.venous immunoglobulin,and plasma ***,we r.view the hallmar. clinicopathologic featur.s and imaging findings of this r.r. but potentially devastating condition and summar.ze diagnostic cr.ter.a,tr.atment r.gimens,and pr.posed pathogenetic mechanisms.

关键词： Anti-N-methyl-D-aspar.ate r.ceptor.associated encephalitis Autoimmune encephalitis Encephalitis Ovar.an ter.toma Par.neoplastic syndr.me Ter.toma

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不止能打印纸张的喷墨打印机

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科技纵览 2024年第4期 34-39,4页

作者： phillip W.BAr.H LESLIE A.FIELD EDDIE GUY(图) 不详

20世纪80年代初的办公室很嘈杂,充满了金属敲击油墨色带在纸上打印出字符的声音.IBM Selectr.c电动打字机噼啪作响,菊轮式打印机咔嗒咔嗒,点阵打印机发出响亮的撕扯声.

关键词：喷墨打印机点阵打印机色带 IBM 20世纪80年代初电动打字机打印字符

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