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Novel treatment options for portal hypertension

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第2期5卷 90-103,I0001页

作者： philipp Schwabl Wim Laleman Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospitals LeuvenKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Portal hypertension is most frequently associated with cirrhosis and is a major driver for associated complications,such as variceal bleeding,ascites or hepatic *** such,clinically significant portal hypertension forms the prelude to decompensation and impacts significantly on the prognosis of patients with liver *** present,non-selective bblockers,vasopressin analogues and somatostatin analogues are the mainstay of treatment but these strategies are far from satisfactory and only target splanchnic *** contrast,safe and reliable strategies to reduce the increased intrahepatic resistance in cirrhotic patients still represent a pending *** recent years,several preclinical and clinical trials have focused on this latter component and other therapeutic *** this review,we highlight novel data in this context and address potentially interesting therapeutic options for the future.

关键词： portal hypertension hepatic venous pressure gradient non-selective b-blockers nitric oxide angiogenesis statins farnesoid X receptor renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

Evolutionary ecology of chemosensation and its role in sensory drive

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Current Zoology 2018年第4期64卷 525-533页

作者： Laurel R. YOHE philipp BRAND Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11790 USA Department of Geology & Geophysics Yale University New Haven CT 06511 USA Department of Evolution and Ecology Center for Population Biology University of California Davis CA 95616 USA

All behaviors of an organism are rooted in sensory processing of signals from its environment, and nat ural selection shapes sensory adaptations to ensure successful detection of cues that maximize fitness. Sensory drive, or divergent selection for efficient signal transmission among heterogeneous environ ments, has been a useful hypothesis for describing sensory adaptations, but its current scope has pri marily focused on visual and acoustic sensory modalities. Chemosensation, the most widespread sensory modality in animals that includes the senses of smell and taste, is characterized by rapid evolu tion and has been linked to sensory adaptations to new environments in numerous lineages. Yet, olfac tion and gustation have been largely underappreciated in light of the sensory drive hypothesis. Here, we examine why chemosensory systems have been overlooked and discuss the potential of chemo sensation to shed new insight on the sensory drive hypothesis and vice versa. We provide suggestions for developing a framework to better incorporate studies of chemosensory adaptation that have the po tential to shape a more complete, coherent, and holistic interpretation of the sensory drive.

关键词： chemical signaling chemoreceptor chemosensation sensory drive olfaction

The AiiDA-KKR plugin and its application to highthroughput impurity embedding into a topological insulator

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npj Computational materials 2021年第1期7卷 108-116页

作者： philipp Rüßmann Fabian Bertoldoand Stefan Blügel Peter Grünberg Institut and Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARAD-52425 JülichGermany

The ever increasing availability of supercomputing resources led computer-based materials science into a new era of highthroughput ***,Pizzi et *** the AiiDA framework that provides a way to automate calculations while allowing to store the full provenance of complex workflows in a *** present the development of the AiiDA-KKR plugin that allows to perform a large number of ab initio impurity embedding calculations based on the relativistic full-potential Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green function *** capabilities of the AiiDA-KKR plugin are demonstrated with the calculation of several thousand impurities embedded into the prototypical topological insulator *** results are collected in the JuDiT database which we use to investigate chemical trends as well as Fermi level and layer dependence of physical properties of *** includes the study of spin moments,the impurity’s tendency to form in-gap states or its effect on the charge doping of the *** properties depend on the detailed electronic structure of the impurity embedded into the host crystal which highlights the need for ab initio calculations in order to get accurate predictions.

关键词： method topological embedding

A multi-layered policy generation and management engine for semantic policy mapping in clouds

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Digital Communications and Networks 2020年第1期6卷 38-50页

作者： Faraz Fatemi moghaddam philipp Wieder Ramin Yahyapour Gesellschaft für wissenschaftliche Datenverarbeitung mbH Gottingen(GWDG) Germany Institute of Informatics Georg-August-UniversitatGottingenGermany

The long awaited cloud computing concept is a reality now due to the transformation of computer ***,security challenges have become the biggest obstacles for the advancement of this emerging technology.A well-established policy framework is defined in this paper to generate security policies which are compliant to requirements and ***,a federated policy management schema is introduced based on the policy definition framework and a multi-level policy application to create and manage virtual clusters with identical or common security *** proposed model consists in the design of a well-established ontology according to security mechanisms,a procedure which classifies nodes with common policies into virtual clusters,a policy engine to enhance the process of mapping requests to a specific node as well as an associated cluster and matchmaker engine to eliminate inessential mapping *** suggested model has been evaluated according to performance and security parameters to prove the efficiency and reliability of this multilayered engine in cloud computing environments during policy definition,application and mapping procedures.

关键词： Cloud computing Security Security management Policy management Access control Policy mapping

Tribological performance and microstructural evolution ofα-brass alloys as a function of zinc concentration

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Friction 2020年第6期8卷 1117-1136页

作者： Zhilong LIU philipp mESSER-HANNEmANN Stephan LAUBE Christian GREINER Institute for Applied materials(IAm) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Karlsruhe 76131Germany KIT IAm-CmS mikroTribologie CentrumμTC Karlsruhe 76131Germany

Tailoring a material's properties for low friction and little wear in a strategic fashion is a long-standing goal of materials *** deformation plays a major role when metals are employed in a sliding contact;therefore,the effects of stacking fault energy and mode of dislocation glide need to be ***,we investigated how a decrease in the stacking fault energy affects friction,wear,and the ensuing sub-surface microstructure *** samples with increasing zinc concentrations of 5,15,and 36 wt%were tested in non-lubricated sphere-on-plate contacts with a reciprocating linear tribometer against Si3N4 *** the sliding distance from 0.5(single trace)to 5,000 reciprocating cycles covered different stages in the lifetime of a sliding *** the results among the three alloys revealed a profound effect of the zinc concentration on the tribological ***15 and CuZn36 showed similar friction and wear results,whereas CuZn5 had a roughly 60%higher friction coefficient(COF)than the other two ***15 and CuZn36 had a much smaller wear rate than *** dislocation motion in CuZn5 and CuZn15 allowed for dislocation self-organization into a horizontal line about 150 nm beneath the contact after a single trace of the *** feature was absent in CuZn36 where owing to planar dislocation slip band-like features under a 45°angle to the surface were *** results hold the promise to help guide the future development of alloys tailored for specific tribological applications.

关键词： brass tribology sliding contact microstructure stacking fault energy electron microscopy

Elucidating the dynamics of polymer transport through nanopores using asymmetric salt concentrations

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Nano Research 2022年第11期15卷 9943-9953页

作者： martin Charron Lucas philipp Liqun He Vincent Tabard-Cossa Department of Physics University of OttawaOttawaON K1N 6N5Canada

While notable progress has been made in recent years both experimentally and theoretically in understanding the highly complex dynamics of polymer capture and transport through nanopores,there remains significant disagreement between experimental observation and theoretical prediction that needs to be *** salt concentrations,where the concentrations of ions on each side of the membrane are different,can be used to enhance capture rates and prolong translocation times of electrophoretically driven polymers translocating through a nanopore from the low salt concentration reservoir,which are both attractive features for single-molecule ***,since asymmetric salt concentrations affect the electrophoretic pull inside and outside the pore differently,it also offers a useful control parameter to elucidate the otherwise inseparable physics of the capture and translocation *** this work,we attempt to paint a complete picture of the dynamics of polymer capture and translocation in both symmetric and asymmetric salt concentration conditions by reporting the dependence of multiple translocation metrics on voltage,polymer length,and salt concentration *** asymmetric salt concentration conditions,we experimentally observe the predictions of tension propagation theory,and infer the significant impact of the electric field outside the pore in capturing polymers and in altering polymer conformations prior to translocation.

关键词： nanopore DNA translocation salt gradient tension propagation polymer transport

Therapeutic interfering particles against HIV: molecular parasites reducing viremia

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SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY 2024年第1期9卷 287页

作者： Gruell, Henning Odidika, Stanley Schommers, philipp Univ Cologne Inst Virol Fac Med Cologne Germany Univ Cologne Univ Hosp Cologne Cologne Germany Univ Cologne Fac Med Dept Internal Med 2 Cologne Germany Univ Cologne Ctr Mol Med Cologne CMMC Cologne Germany German Ctr Infect Res DZIF Partner Site Bonn Cologne Cologne Germany

In a recent article in Science,Leon Weinberger and colleagues report on successful proof-of-concept studies of a novel strategy to control HIV-1 infection by using interfering viral particles.1 This approach radically differs from small-molecule antiretroviral drugs that can prevent disease progression and transmission by inhibiting viral replication but require life-long use.

关键词： particles. drugs inhibiting

Identification of the Exchange Coefficient from Indirect Data for a Coupled Continuum Pipe-Flow model

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Chinese Annals of mathematics,Series B 2014年第3期35卷 483-500页

作者： Xinming WU philipp KGLER Shuai LU School of mathematical Sciences Fudan University Institute for Applied mathematics and Statistics University of Hohenheim Johann Radon Institute for Computational and Applied mathematics (RICAm) Corresponding author. School of mathematical Sciences Fudan University

Calibration and identification of the exchange effect between the karst aquifers and the underlying conduit network are important issues in order to gain a better understanding of these hydraulic systems. Based on a coupled continuum pipe-flow(CCPF for short) model describing flows in karst aquifers, this paper is devoted to the identification of an exchange rate function, which models the hydraulic interaction between the fissured volume(matrix) and the conduit, from the Neumann boundary data, i.e., matrix/conduit seepage velocity. The authors formulate this parameter identification problem as a nonlinear operator equation and prove the compactness of the forward mapping. The stable approximate solution is obtained by two classic iterative regularization methods, namely,the Landweber iteration and Levenberg-marquardt method. Numerical examples on noisefree and noisy data shed light on the appropriateness of the proposed approaches.

关键词： CCPF model Landweber iteration Levenberg-marquardt method

Diarrhea after bariatric procedures:Diagnosis and therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第26期23卷 4689-4700页

作者： Yves m Borbély Alice Osterwalder Dino Kroll philipp C Nett Roman A Inglin Clinic for Visceral Surgery and medicine InselspitalBern University HospitalUniversity of Bern

Diarrhea after bariatric procedures, mainly those with malabsorptive elements including Roux-Y Gastric Bypass and Biliopancreatic Diversion, is common and an essential determinant of quality of life and microand macronutrient deficiencies. Bariatric surgery is the only sustainably successful method to address morbid obesity and its comorbidities, particularly gaining more and more importance in the specific treatment of diabetic patients. Approximately half a million procedures are annually performed around the world, with numbers expected to rise drastically in the near future. A multitude of factors exert their influence on bowel habits; preoperative comorbidities and procedure-related aspects are intertwined with postoperative nutritional habits. Diagnosis may be challenging owing to the characteristics of postbariatric surgery anatomy with hindered accessibility of excluded segments of the small bowel and restriction at the gastric level. Conventional testing measures, if available, generally yield low accuracy and are usually not validated in this specific population. Limited trials of empiric treatment are a practical alternative and oftentimes an indispensable part of the diagnostic process. This review provides an overview of causes for chronic post-bariatric surgery diarrhea and details the particularities of its diagnosis and treatment in this specific patient population. Topics of current interest such as the impact of gut microbiota and the influence of bile acids on morbid obesity and especially their role in diarrhea are highlighted in order to provide a better understanding of the specific problems and chances of future treatment in post-bariatric surgery patients.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Diarrhea malnutrition malabsorption Steatorrhea Dumping syndrome Bile acids and salts Gut microbiota Blind loop syndrome