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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第16期58卷 1931-1935页

作者： XING LiDa BELL Phil R ROTHSCHILD Bruce M RAN Hao ZHANG jianPing DONG ZhiMing ZHANG Wei CURRIE philip j Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Pipestone Creek Dinosaur Initiative Division of Vertebrate Paleontology Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Institute University of Kansas Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University) Ministry of Education Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Computer Engineering Chengdu Electromechanical College

Pathological or traumatic loss of teeth often results in the resorption and remodeling of the affected alveoli in mammals. However, instances of alveolar remodeling in reptiles are rare. A remodeled alveolus in the maxilla of the Chinese theropod Sinosaurus (Lower jurassic Lower Lufeng Formation) is the first confirmed example of such dental pathology in a dinosaur. Given the known relationship between feeding behavior and tooth damage in theropods (teeth with spalled enamel, tooth crowns embedded in bone) and the absence of dentary, maxillary, and premaxillary osteomyelitis, traumatic loss of a tooth is most likely the cause of alveolar remodeling. Based on the extent of remodeling, the injury and subsequent tooth loss were non-fatal in this individual.

关键词：下侏罗统兽脚类牙齿肺泡中国恐龙禄丰盆地地层

Round spermatid injection into human oocytes:a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Asian journal of Andrology 2021年第4期23卷 363-369页

作者： Brent M Hanson Taylor P Kohn Alexander W Pastuszak Richard T Scott jr philip j Cheng james M Hotaling Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility IVI-Reproductive Medicine Associates of New JerseyBasking RidgeNJ 07920USA Department of Urology The Brady Urological Institute at Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Surgery University of Utah Center for Reconstructive Urology and Men's HealthSalt Lake CityUT 84108USA

Many azoospermic men do not possess mature spermatozoa at the time of surgical sperm *** study is a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating outcomes following round spermatid injection(ROSI),a technique which utilizes immature precursors of spermatozoa for *** electronic search was performed to identify relevant articles published through October *** cohort studies in English involving male patients who had round spermatids identified and used for fertilization with human oocytes were *** rate,pregnancy rate,and resultant delivery rate were assessed following ***-analysis outcomes were analyzed using a random-effects *** were extracted from 22 studies involving 1099 couples and 4218 embryo *** fertilization rate after ROSI was 38.7%(95%confidence interval[CI]:31.5%–46.3%),while the pregnancy rate was 3.7%(95%CI:3.2%–4.4%).The resultant delivery rate was low,with 4.3%of embryo transfers resulting in a delivery(95%CI:2.3%–7.7%).The pregnancy rate per couple was 13.4%(95%CI:6.8%–19.1%)and the resultant delivery rate per couple was 8.1%(95%CI:6.1%–14.4%).ROSI has resulted in clinical pregnancies and live births,but success rates are considerably lower than those achieved with mature *** this technique may be a feasible alternative for men with azoospermia who decline other options,couples should be aware that the odds of a successful delivery are greatly diminished and the prognosis is relatively poor.

关键词： azoospermia in vitro fertilization infertility spermatozoa testis

Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： Li Li Mark A.Nearing philip Heilman Mary H.Nichols D.P.Guertin C.j.Williams School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive ***,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is *** this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation *** 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and *** hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution DEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage *** that characterize the current watersheds,including Hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope *** shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 *** attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and *** results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope Slope length Drainage density Slope-area relationship Hillslope hydrology

Distribution of Fucosylated Xyloglucans among the Walls of Different Cell Types in Monocotyledons Determined by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 144-156页

作者： Maree Brennan philip j. Harris School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Xyloglucans in the non-lignified primary cell walls of different species of monocotyledons have diverse struc- tures, with widely varying proportions of oligosaccharide units that contain fucosylated side chains （F side chains）. To determine whether fucosylated xyloglucans occur in all non-lignified walls in a range of monocotyledon species, we used immunofluorescence microscopy with the monoclonal antibody CCRC-M1. The epitope of this antibody, α-L-FUCp-（1 →2）- β-D-Galp, occurs in F side chains. In most non-commelinid monocotyledons, the epitope was found in all non-lignified walls. A similar distribution was found in the palm Phoenix canariensis, which is a member of the basal commelinid order Arecales. However, in the other commelinid orders Zingiberales, Commelinales, and Poales, the occurrence of the epitope was restricted, sometimes occurring in only the phloem walls, but often also in walls of other cell types including stomatal guard and subsidiary cells and raphide idioblasts. No epitope was found in the walls of the commelinids Tradescantia virginiana （Commelinaceae, Commelinales） and Zea mays （Poaceae, Poales）, but it occurred in the phloem walls of two other Poaceae species, Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. The distribution of the epitope is discussed in relation to xyloglucan structures in the different taxa. However, the functional significance of the restricted distributions is unknown.

关键词： Commelinid monocotyledons fucosylated xyloglucans immunofluorescence microscopy monoclona antibody CCRC-M1 non-commelinid monocotyledons plant cell wall.

Measures of intracranial compartments in acute intracerebral haemorrhage:data from the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl Trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke-2 Trial(RIGHT-2)

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stroke & Vascular Neurology 2023年第2期8卷 151-160页

作者： Kailash Krishnan Zhe Kang Law Lisa j Woodhouse Rob A Dineen Nikola Sprigg joanna M Wardlaw philip M Bath stroke Department of Acute MedicineNottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK stroke Trials Unit University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Department of Medicine National University of Malaysia Faculty of MedicineKuala LumpurMalaysia Radiological Sciences Research Group University of NottinghamNottinghamUK National Institute of Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences UK Dementia Research InstituteChancellor's BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK

Background and purpose Intracerebral haemorrhage volume(ICHV)is prognostically important but does not account for intracranial volume(ICV)and cerebral parenchymal volume(CPV).We assessed measures of intracranial compartments in acute ICH using computerised tomography scans and whether ICHV/ICV and ICHV/CPV predict functional *** also assessed if cistern effacement,midline shift,old infarcts,leukoaraiosis and brain atrophy were associated with *** Data from 133 participants from the Rapid Intervention with Glyceryl Trinitrate in Hypertensive stroke-2 Trial trial were *** included ICHV(using ABC/2)and ICV(XYZ/2)(by independent observers);ICHV,ICV and CPV(semiautomated segmentation,SAS);atrophy(intercaudate distance,ICD,Sylvian fissure ratio,SFR);midline shift;leukoaraiosis and cistern effacement(visual assessment).The effects of these measures on death at day 4 and poor functional outcome at day 90(modified Rankin scale,mRS of>3)was *** ICV was significantly different between XYZ and SAS:mean(SD)of 1357(219)vs 1420(196),mean difference(MD)62 mL(pstern score(all interclass correlations,n=10:interobserver 0.72-0.99,intraobserver 0.73-1.00).ICHV/ICV and ICHV/CPV were significantly associated with mRS at day 90,death at day 4 and acute neurological deterioration(all pstern effacement at baseline were associated with poor functional outcome but old infarcts,leukoaraiosis and brain atrophy were *** Intracranial compartment measures and visual estimates are *** adjusted for ICH and CPV could be useful to prognosticate in acute *** presence of midline shift and cistern effacement may predict outcome but the mechanisms need validation in larger studies.

关键词： measures Tri nitrate

Model-Based Identification of Mechanical Characteristics of Sinosaurus(Theropoda) Crests

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2015年第1期89卷 1-11页

作者： XING Lida WANG Yikun Eric SNIVELY ZHANG jianping DONG Zhiming Michael E.BURNS philip j.CURRIE School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of Auckland Department of Mechanical Engineering Ohio University Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada

The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus （Theropoda） have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis （FEA） is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry obtained through direct laser scanning of a well-preserved fossil of the crest, and then with two conceptual FE models of both crests analyzing the structure-deformation effects of fenestration. In the original fossil model, under direct loading on the dorsal faces of the crest, we found that the areas surrounding cavities on the crest experience shear stress that implies a high chance of material failure - the fracture of bone. In the conceptual model, a series of computational studies were conducted with varying loading directions. One simulation found that the shear stress and strain in the material around the cavity presented more deformation compared with the conceptual model without the cavities, and under this morphologically realistic scenario the loading conditions would result in local bone fractures. These model-based computational results indicate that the crest could not resist high loads, because it could not effectively decentralize the loading stress. Future investigations need to focus on more comprehensive computational experiments with more conditions, e.g. dynamical loading conditions, and direct palaeontological evidence.

关键词： Dinosauria Sinosaurus behavior finite element analysis

DNA reveals long-distance partial migratory behavior in a cryptic owl lineage

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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 235-241页

作者： Keren R.Sadanandan David j.X.Tan Kolbjorn Schjolberg philip D.Round Frank E.Rheindt Department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore TSG/31 BSP HQ Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceMahidol University

Background: The Brown Hawk Owl complex is said to consist of three species,the Brown Boobook(Ninox scutulata),the Chocolate Boobook(Ninox randi) and the Northern Boobook(Ninox japonica),which includes the nominate migratory lineage Ninox japonica japonica and a mitochondrially distinct lineage of taxonomically uncertain status that has been recorded year-round at least in *** in ranges during migration and morphological similarity have led to difficulties in distinguishing the Brown Boobook from the Northern ***: PCR of cytochrome-b and Sanger sequencing of Ninox samples from Singapore and Brunei were used to determine sample ***: Two out of four Singaporean samples and the Brunei sample were identified as Northern *** is the first official record of this species in Singapore and represents a considerable range extension for the ***,the samples belong to the mitochondrially distinct lineage previously characterized in resident Taiwan Residents populations rather than to the well-known nominate migratory ***: Our data show that the mitochondrial signature previously documented in resident Taiwan Residents populations of the Northern Boobook extends to migratory *** cryptic lineage may be more widespread in its breeding quarters,extending to the Chinese and Russian mainland,in which case the name florensis would apply to *** genetic and bioacoustic investigation is required to resolve the taxonomic status of this lineage.

关键词： Migration Cryptic species Mitochondrial lineage Brown hawk owl Partial migrant

Translational bioengineering strategies for peripheral nerve regeneration:opportunities,challenges,and novel concepts

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1229-1234页

作者： Karim A.Sarhane Chenhu Qiu Thomas G.W.Harris philip j.Hanwright Hai-Quan Mao Sami H.Tuffaha Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Peripheral Nerve Research LaboratoryJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of EngineeringBaltimoreMDUSA Institute for NanoBioTechnology Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMDUSA Translational Tissue Engineering Center Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Peripheral nerve injuries remain a challenging problem in need of better treatment *** best efforts at surgical reconstruction and postoperative rehabilitation,patients are often left with persistent,debilitating motor and sensory *** are currently no therapeutic strategies proven to enhance the regenerative process in humans.A clinical need exists for the development of technologies to promote nerve regeneration and improve functional *** advances in the fields of tissue engineering and nanotechnology have enabled biomaterial scaffolds to modulate the host response to tissue repair through tailored mechanical,chemical,and conductive *** bioengineered approaches have enabled targeted,sustained delivery of protein therapeutics with the capacity to unlock the clinical potential of a myriad of neurotrophic growth factors that have demonstrated promise in enhancing regenerative *** such,further exploration of combinatory strategies leveraging these technological advances may offer a pathway towards clinically translatable solutions to advance the care of patients with peripheral nerve *** review first presents the various emerging bioengineering strategies that can be applied for the management of nerve gap *** cover the rationale and limitations for their use as an alternative to autografts,focusing on the approaches to increase the number of regenerating axons crossing the repair site,and facilitating their growth towards the distal *** also discuss the emerging growth factor-based therapeutic strategies designed to improve functional outcomes in a multimodal fashion,by accelerating axonal growth,improving the distal regenerative environment,and preventing end-organs atrophy.

关键词： bioengineering biomaterials growth hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 nanotechnology neurobiology peripheral nerve regeneration Schwann cells translational research

Characterizing the Relative Importance Assigned to Physical Variables by Climate Scientists when Assessing Atmospheric Climate Model Fidelity

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2018年第9期35卷 1101-1113页

作者： Susannah M.BURROWS Aritra DASGUPTA Sarah REEHL Lisa BRAMER Po-Lun MA philip j.RASCH Yun QIAN Pacific Northwest National Laboratory RichlandWashington 99354USA

Evaluating a climate model＇s fidelity（ability to simulate observed climate） is a critical step in establishing confidence in the model＇s suitability for future climate projections, and in tuning climate model parameters. Model developers use their judgement in determining which trade-offs between different aspects of model fidelity are acceptable. However, little is known about the degree of consensus in these evaluations, and whether experts use the same criteria when different scientific objectives are defined. Here, we report on results from a broad community survey studying expert assessments of the relative importance of different output variables when evaluating a global atmospheric model＇s mean climate. We find that experts adjust their ratings of variable importance in response to the scientific objective, for instance, scientists rate surface wind stress as significantly more important for Southern Ocean climate than for the water cycle in the Asian watershed. There is greater consensus on the importance of certain variables（e.g., shortwave cloud forcing） than others（e.g., aerosol optical depth）. We find few differences in expert consensus between respondents with greater or less climate modeling experience,and no statistically significant differences between the responses of climate model developers and users. The concise variable lists and community ratings reported here provide baseline descriptive data on current expert understanding of certain aspects of model evaluation, and can serve as a starting point for further investigation, as well as developing more sophisticated evaluation and scoring criteria with respect to specific scientific objectives.

关键词： climate climate model model evaluation numerical model skill expert elicitation

A global synthesis of the effectiveness and ecological impacts of management interventions for Spartina species

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2023年第11期17卷 263-272页

作者： Shengyu Wang philip A.Martin Yan Hao William j.Sutherland Gorm E.Shackelford jihua Wu Ruiting ju Wenneng Zhou Bo Li Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering National Observations and Research Station of Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze EstuaryInstitute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-ChongmingSchool of Life SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Biosecurity Research Initiative at st Catharine’s(BioRISC) St Catharine’s CollegeUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB21RLUK Conservation Science Group Department of ZoologyUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB23QZUK state Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Ecology Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Quality Improvement and Ecological Restoration for Watersheds School of EcologyEnvironment and ResourcesGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive AdaptationEvolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion BiologyInstitute of BiodiversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan UniversityKunming 650504China

Invasions by Spartina species pose serious threats to global coastal *** many studies have examined the effectiveness and ecological impacts of invasive Spartina management,no comprehensive global synthesis has been conducted to assess the effects of management on Spartina per se and on wider ***,we conducted a global meta-analysis of 3,459 observations from 102 studies to quantify the effects of different management interventions(physical,chemical,biological,and integrated control)on Spartina per se and native biodiversity and *** found that physical measures quickly suppressed Spartina but that their effectiveness declined over *** contrast,chemical measures decreased the abundance and growth of Spartina to a lesser degree in the early stage,but the effectiveness increased over *** management measures did not significantly decrease the diversity of native biota on the whole,but native-plant diversity significantly decreased with time after physical *** management measures did not affect abiotic factors *** results support the use of chemical measures to control invasive Spartina,although their effectiveness would depend on the time since the management *** the problem of Spartina regrowth following physical control requires improved *** hold that initial states of invaders and subsequent environmental changes after management interventions should be weighed in evaluating control efficacy.

关键词： Plant invasion Biodiversity Meta-analysis Restoration Salt marshes Treatment timing