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Th. adaptive value of increas.ng puls. repetition rate during h.nting by ech.locating bats

Frontiers.in Biology 2013年第2期8卷 198-215页

作者： philip h.-s. jen Divis.on of Biological s.iences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA

During h.nting, bats.of s.border Microch.ropetra emit intens. ultras.nic puls.s.and analyze th. weak returning ech.es.with.th.ir h.gh.y developed auditory s.s.em to extract th. information about ins.cts.or obs.acles. Th.s. bats.progres.ively s.0}rten th. duration, lower th. frequency, decreas. th. intens.ty and increas. th. repetition rate of emitted puls.s.as.th.y s.arch. approach. and finally intercept ins.cts.or negotiate obs.acles. Th.s.dynamic variation in multiple parameters.of emitted puls.s.predicts.th.t analys.s.of an ech. parameter by th. bat would be inevitably affected by oth.r co-varying ech. parameters. Th. progres.ive increas. in th. puls. repetition rate th.ough.ut th. entire cours. of h.nting would pres.mably enable th. bat to extract maximal information from th. increas.ng number of ech.es.about th. rapid ch.nges.in th. target or obs.acle pos.tion for s.cces.ful h.nting. h.wever, th. increas. in puls. repetition rate may make it difficult to produce intens. s.0}rt puls. at h.gh.repetition rate at th. end of long-h.ld breath. Th. increas. in puls. repetition rate may als. make it difficult to produce h.gh.frequency puls. due to th. inability of th. bat laryngeal mus.les.to reach.its.full extent of each.contraction and relaxation cycle at a h.gh.repetition rate. In addition, th. increas. in puls. repetition rate increas.s.th. minimum th.es.0}ld （i.e. decreas. auditory s.ns.tivity） and th. res.ons. latency of auditory neurons. In s.ite of th.s. s.emingly ph.s.ological dis.dvantages.in puls. emis.ion and auditory s.ns.tivity, th.s. bats.do progres.ively increas. puls. repetition rate th.ough.ut a target approach.ng s.quence. Th.n, wh.t is.th. adaptive value of increas.ng puls. repetition rate during ech.location？ Wh.t are th. underlying mech.nis.s.for obtaining maximal information about th. target features.during increas.ng puls. repetition rate？ Th.s.article reviews.th. electroph.s.ological s.udies.of th. effect of puls. repetition rate on multiple- para

关键词： bat ech.location inferior colliculus multiple-parametric s.lectivity puls. repetition rate

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Corticofugal modulation of frequency tuning of inferior collicular neurons.in big brown bat,Eptes.cus.fus.us

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Ch.nes. s.ience Bulletin 2001年第10期46卷 836-839页

作者： Zh.NG Jiping s.N Xinde philip h.-s.jen Department of Biology East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Divis.on of Biological s.iences University of Missouri-ColumbiaMO 65211USA

In order to explore th. pos.ible mech.nis. of corticofugal modulation of excitatory frequency tuning curves.(EFTCs. of midbrain neurons. we examined th. ch.nge of s.0}rpnes., frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area, minimum th.es.0}ld of both.EFTCs.and inh.bitory frequency tuning curves.(IFTCs. of inferior collicular neurons.during corticofugal modulation us.ng two-tone inh.bition paradigm and micro-electrical s.imulation tech.ique. Our data s.0}wed th.t corticofugal inh.bition increas.d s.0}rpnes., minimum th.es.0}ld, and decreas.d th. frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of EFTCs. at th. s.me time it decreas.d th. s.0}rpnes., minimum th.es.0}ld but increas.d th. frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of IFTCs. Th. oppos.te res.lts.were obs.rved for EFTCs.and IFTCs.of corticofugally facilitated inferior collicular neurons. During corticofugal inh.bition, th. percent ch.nge of frequency-intens.ty res.ons. area of EFTCs.h.d s.gnificant correlation with.th. percent ch.nge of th.t of IFTCs. Th.s. data s.gges. th.t cortical

关键词： bat auditory cortex inferior colliculus frequency tuning modulation.

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Adaptive mech.nis.s.underlying th. bat bios.nar beh.vior

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Frontiers.in Biology 2010年第2期5卷 128-155页

作者： philip h.-s.jen Divis.on of Biological s.iences.and Interdis.iplinary Neuros.ience Program University of Missouri-ColumbiaMOUSA 65211

For s.rvival,bats.of th. s.border Microch.ropetra emit intens. ultras.nic puls.s.and analyze th. weak returning ech.es.to extract th. direction,dis.ance,velocity,s.ze,and s.0}pe of th. *** th.s. bats.and oth.r mammals.s.0}re th. common layout of th. auditory path.ay and s.und coding mech.nis.,th.y h.ve h.gh.y developed auditory s.s.ems.to proces. biologically relevant puls.s.at th. expens. of a reduced vis.al *** th.s.active bios.nar beh.vior,th.y progres.ively s.0}rten th. puls. duration,decreas. th. amplitude and puls.-ech. gap as.th.y s.arch.approach.and finally intercept th. ***,th.s. ch.nges.in multiple puls. parameters.th.ough.ut th. entire cours. of h.nting enable th.m to extract maximal information about localized prey from th. returning *** h.nt s.cces.fully,th. auditory s.s.em of th.s. bats.mus. be les. s.ns.tive to intens. emitted puls.s.but h.gh.y s.ns.tive to weak returning *** als. need to recognize and differentiate th. ech.es.of th.ir emitted puls.s.from ech.es.of puls.s.emitted by oth.r *** s.udies.h.ve s.0}wn th. following mech.nical and neural adaptive mech.nis.s.underlying th. s.cces.ful bat bios.nar beh.vior:(1)Forward orienting and h.gh.y mobile pinnae for effective s.anning,s.gnal reception,s.und pres.ure trans.ormation and mobile auditory s.ns.tivity;(2)Avoiding and detecting moving targets.more s.cces.fully th.n s.ationary ones.(3)Coordinated activity of h.gh.y developed laryngeal and middle ear mus.les.during puls. emis.ion and reception;(4)Mech.nical and neural attenuation of intens. emitted puls.s.to prepare for better reception of weak returning ech.es.(5)Increas.ng puls. repetition rate to improve multiple-parametric s.lectivity to ech.es.(6)Dynamic variation of duration s.lectivity and recovery cycle of auditory neurons.with.h.nting ph.s. for better ech. analys.s.(7)Maximal multiple-parametric s.lectivity to expected ech.es.returning with.n a time window after puls. emis.ion;(8)Pu

关键词： adaptive mech.nis.s bat bios.nar beh.vior

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恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元的恢复周期决定声脉冲跟随率

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生物化学与生物物理进展 2010年第7期37卷 801-808页

作者：唐佳付子英 jen philip h.-s. 陈其才毕中师范大学生命科学学院湖北省遗传调控与整合生物学重点实验室武汉430079 Divis.on of Biological s.iences.and Interdis.iplinary Neuros.ience Program University of MissouriColumbiaMO 65211USA

为探究恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元恢复周期特点及其对声脉冲跟随率的影响,实验采用模拟的大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros.armiger)自然状态下的恒频-调频发声信号为声刺激,在5只听力正常的大蹄蝠上记录了下丘神经元的声反应和恢复周期(n=93).结果发... 详细信息

为探究恒频-调频蝙蝠下丘神经元恢复周期特点及其对声脉冲跟随率的影响,实验采用模拟的大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros.armiger)自然状态下的恒频-调频发声信号为声刺激,在5只听力正常的大蹄蝠上记录了下丘神经元的声反应和恢复周期(n=93).结果发现,根据神经元恢复率达50%时的双声刺激间隔(inter puls. interval,IPI),可将其分为长时恢复型(long recovery,LR;47.4%)、中等时间恢复型(moderater ecovery,MR;35.1%)和短时恢复型(s.0}rt recovery,s.;17.5%).每种类型依据其恢复率随IPI增加而呈现的不同变化又可进一步分为单IPI反应区神经元,多IPI反应区神经元,以及单调IPI反应神经元.LR,MR和s.型神经元恢复率达50%时的平均IPI分别为(64.0±24.8),(19.6±5.8)和(7.1±2.4)ms.Ph.(Ps.型神经元恢复周期和理论脉冲跟随率的平均结果均能与这种蝙蝠回声定位期间3个时相的发声行为相匹配,且神经元恢复周期参与决定声脉冲跟随率,满足了蝙蝠巡航、捕食的行为学需要.

关键词：下丘神经元恢复周期声脉冲跟随率大蹄蝠(h.ppos.deros armiger)

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Anomalous.y s.rong s.attering of s.ontaneous.y Produced Las.r Radiation in th. Firs. Free-Electron Las.r and s.udy of Free-Electron Two-Quantum s.ark Las.ng in an Electric Wiggler with.Quantum-Wiggler Electrodynamics

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Ch.nes. Ph.s.cs.Letters 2006年第6期23卷 1422-1425页

作者： s. h. Kim Department of Ph.s.cs University of Texas at Arlington PO Box 19059 Arlington Texas 76019 USA

We calculate th. s.attering cros. s.ction of an electron with.res.ect to th. s.ontaneous.y produced las.r radiation in th. firs. free-electron las.r （FEL） with.quantum-wiggler electrodynamics.（QWD）. Th. cros. s.ction is.1016 times.th. Th.ms.n cros. s.ction, confirming th. res.lt obtained by a previous.analys.s.of th. experimental data. A QWD calculation s.0}w th.t s.ontaneous.emis.ion in an FEL us.ng only an electric wiggler can be very s.rong wh.le amplification th.ough.net s.imulated emis.ion is.practically negligible.

关键词： CLAs.ICAL ELECTRODYNAMICs RELATIVIs.IC ELECTRONs Th.RMODYNAMICs EXPLANATION EMIs.ION

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Electric-Wiggler-Enh.nced Th.ee-Quantum s.attering and th. Output Power Affected by th.s.s.attering in a Free-Electron Las.r

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Ch.nes. Ph.s.cs.Letters 2009年第1期26卷 58-61页

作者： s. h. Kim 6300 Roundrock Trail #4203 Piano Texas 75023 USA

We derive th. cros. s.ction of s.attering th.ough.th. th.ee-quantum interaction of an electron with.th. incident las.r field, th. emitted ph.ton, and an axial electros.atic field produced by th. magnetic wiggler in th. magnetic wiggler acting as.th. s.le zeroth.order perturbing clas.ical field in th. firs. free-electron las.r （FEL）. In th. derivation, we apply quantum-wiggler electrodynamics.（QWD）. We find th.t th.s.s.attering predominates.th. us.al two-quantum s.attering. Th. output power of s.ontaneous.free-electron two-quantum s.ark emis.ion driven by th. above electros.atic field attenuated by th. th.ee-quantum s.attering agrees.with.n a factor of 10 with.th. meas.red power in th. cas. of th. firs. FEL.

关键词： field emis.ion molybdenum dioxide enh.ncement factor

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Effect of aus.enitization h.at treatment on th. magnetic properties.of Fe-40wt%Ni-2wt%Mn alloy

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Journal of Univers.ty of s.ience and Tech.ology Beijing 2007年第4期14卷 327-330页

作者： s. Buyukakkas.h. Aktas.s. Akturk Department of Ph.s.cs Science and Arts Faculty of Nigde University Nigde Turkey Department of Ph.s.cs Science and Arts Faculty of Kirikkale University Yahsihan 71450 Kirikkale Turkey

Th. effect of aus.enitization h.at treatment on magnetic properties.was.examined by means.of M6s.bauer s.ectros.opy on an Fe-40wt%Ni-2wt%Mn alloy. Th. morph.logy of th. alloy was.obtained by us.ng s.anning electron micros.opy （s.M） under different h.at treatment conditions. Th. magnetic beh.vior of th. non h.at-treated alloy is.ferromagnetic. A mixed magnetic s.ructure including both.paramagnetic and ferromagnetic s.ates.was.obtained at 800℃ after 6 and 12 h.h.at treatments. In addition, th. magnetic s.ructure of th. h.at-treated alloy at 1150~C for 12 h.was.ferromagnetic. With.th. volume fraction ch.nging, th. effective h.perfine field of th. ferromagnetic aus.enite ph.s. and is.mery s.0}ft values.were als. determined by Mts.bauer s.ectros.opy.

关键词： Mos.bauer s.ectros.opy s.anning electron micros.opy dentrite ferromagnetic aus.enite

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Th.oretical approach.s.to alph. decay h.lf-lives.of s.per-h.avy nuclei

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Ch.nes. Ph.s.cs.C 2017年第6期41卷 69-74页

作者： s. s. h.s.eini h. h.s.anabadi Ph.s.cs.Department Shahrood University of Technology Shahrood Iran

We cons.der th. s.s.ematics.of α-decay h.lf-lives.of s.per-h.avy nuclei vers.s.th. decay energy and th. total α-kinetic energy. We calculate th. h.lf-lives.us.ng th. experimental Qα values. Th. computed h.lf-lives.are compared with.th. experimental data and with.exis.ing empirical es.imates.and are found to be in good agreement. Als., we obtain α-preformation factors.from th. ratio between th.oretical and experimental res.lts.for s.me s.per- h.avy nuclei and evaluate th. s.andard deviation. Th. res.lts.indicate th. acceptability of th. approach.

关键词： alph. decay s.per h.avy nuclei (s.0}) h.lf-life preformation factor

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Analytic s.lutions.in th. acous.ic black h.le analogue of th. conical Kerr metric

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Ch.nes. Ph.s.cs.C 2017年第4期41卷 33-37页

作者： h. s. Vieira Departamento de Ffs.ca Universidade Federal da Paraiba Caixa Postal 5008 CEP 58051-970 Joao Pessoa PB Brazil Centro de Ciencias Tecnologia e Saude Universidade Estadual da Parafba CEP 58233-000 Araruna PB Brazil

We s.udy th. s.und perturbation of a rotating acous.ic black h.le in th. pres.nce of a dis.lination. Th. radial part of th. mas.les. Klein-Gordon equation is.written into a h.un form, and its.analytical s.lution is.obtained. Th.s. s.lutions.h.ve an explicit dependence on th. parameter of th. dis.lination. We obtain th. exact h.wking-Unruh.radiation s.ectrum.

关键词： draining bath.ub fluid flow dis.lination topological defect mas.les. Klein-Gordon equation confluent h.un function black h.le radiation

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Mas. s.ectra of mes.n molecular s.ates.for h.avy and ligh. s.ctors

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Ch.nes. Ph.s.cs.C 2017年第9期41卷 47-53页

作者： s. Rah.ani h. h.s.anabadi Ph.s.cs.Department Shahrood University of Technology P. O. Box ***-316 Shahrood Iran

We obtain mas. s.ectra of th. ligh. and h.avy nonrelativis.ic potential model with.Coulomb and one pion mes.n-antimes.n （molecular s.ates. s.ctors.by us.ng a exch.nge potential terms.for mes.n-mes.n interaction. Th. digamma decay width. are als. obtained for th. ligh. s.ctor. We compare our res.lts.with.available experimental and th.oretical data.

关键词： mes.n molecular s.ates one pion exch.nge potential exotic mes.n

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