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“One-day,one-stay,and one-step”lessons from the Danish guidelines for the treatment of gallstone disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2023年第4期12卷 607-610页

作者： Robert c.Verdonk philip R.de Reuver Department of Gastroenterology&Hepatology St.Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinThe Netherlands Department of Surgery Radboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands

*** disease is prevalent worldwide,and the incidence in Europe increased over the last *** median prevalence ranges from 5.9%to 21.9%,with the highest rates seen in Norway(21.9%)and the eastern part of Germany(19.7%)and the lowest rates in Italy(c gallstones annually,costing around 250 million euros,ranking gallstones disease in the top 10 of the most prevalent and costly gastrointestinal disorders(2).

关键词： Uncomplicated gallstone disease cholecystitis common bile duct stones

Five trends of education and technology in a sustainable future

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Geography and Sustainability 2020年第2期1卷 93-97页

作者： Nicholas c.Burbules Guorui Fan philip Repp Department of Educational Policy Organization and LeadershipUniversity of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801United States Institute of Education Governance Faculty of EducationEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Office of Information Technology Western Michigan UniversityKalamazoo MI 49008-5200United States

Quality education is one of the pillars in the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,which aims to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for *** overall goal can be connected to some general trends affecting education in the information *** argue that education is key to the future quality of human life and the sustainability of the ***,education is being transformed in both formal and informal learning contexts by new digital ***,some of these major innovations and how they are changing education can be summarized into the following aspects:1)our educational aims and objectives;2)educational ecologies and contexts of learning;3)the processes of learning;4)the processes of teaching;and 5)educational governance and ***,we note some of the potential risks and downsides of these technology *** the sustainable perspective,our review points to a great potential for educational reform,but it can only be achieved if we are willing to rethink and even abandon some of our traditional ways of doing things in education.

关键词： Education for sustainable development Educational technology Educational transformation Learning and teaching Governmental policy

A proposed U.S./china theoretical/experimental collaborative effort on baryon resonance extraction

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chinese Physics c 2009年第12期33卷 1222-1229页

作者： philip L. cole Idaho State University Department of Physics Pocatello Idaho 83209-8106 USA

In this paper we discuss the reasons for our work towards establishing a new collaboration between Jefferson Lab （JLab） and the Institute of High Energy Physics （IHEP） in Beijing. We seek to combine experimentalists and theorists into a dedicated group focused on better understanding the current and future data from JLab and from the Beijing Electron Positron collider （BEPc）. Recent JLab results on the extraction of single- and double-polarization observables in both the lπ- and 2π-channel show their high sensitivity to small production amplitudes and therefore their importance for the extraction of resonance parameters. The Beijing Electron Spectrometer （BES） at the BEPc has collected high statistics data on J/ψ production. Its decay into baryon-antibaryon channels offers a unique and complementary way of probing nucleon resonances. The cEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer, cLAS, has access to N＊ form factors at high Q2 which is advantageous for the study of dynamical properties of nucleon resonances, while the low-background BES results will be able to provide guidance for the search for less-dominant excited states at JLab. Moreover, with the recently approved experimental proposal Nucleon Resonance Studies with cLAS12 and the high-quality data streaming from BES-Ⅲand cLAS, the time has come for forging a new Trans-Pacific collaboration of theorists and experimentalists on NSTAR physics.

关键词： baryon resonances electromagnetic form factors J/ψ production cEBAF Large AcceptanceSpectrometer (cLAS) Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) Beijing Electron Spectrometer (BES) Beijing ElectronPositron collider (BEPc) Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP)

Adaptive control of MIMO Mechanical Systems with Unknown Actuator Nonlinearities Based on the Nussbaum Gain Approach

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IEEE/cAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2016年第1期3卷 26-34页

作者： ci chen Zhi Liu Yun Zhang c.L.philip chen Shengli Xie School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology IEEE Faculty of Science and Technology University of Macao Guangdong Key Laboratory of IoT Information Processing

This paper investigates MIMO mechanical systems with unknown actuator nonlinearities. A novel Nussbaum analysis tool for MIMO systems is established such that unknown time-varying control coefficients are tackled. In contrast to existing literatures on continuous-time systems, the newly-developed Nussbaum tool focuses on extending the traditional Nussbaum result from one dimensional case to the multiple one. Specifically, not only the multiple unknown input coefficients are extended to the time-varying, but also the limitation of the prior knowledge of coefficients' upper and lower bounds is removed. Furthermore, an adaptive robust controller associated with the proposed tool is presented. The asymptotic tracking of MIMO mechanical systems is guaranteed with the help of the Lyapunov Theorem. Finally, a simulation example is provided to examine the validity of the proposed scheme. © 2014 chinese Association of Automation.

关键词： Actuators Adaptive control systems control nonlinearities Mechanical actuators Mechanics MIMO systems Time varying control systems

外源碳磷的加入对农田土壤微生物碳磷比及磷素有效性的影响

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西北农业学报 2012年第11期21卷 113-117页

作者：李春越王益 philip brookes 党廷辉王万忠陕西师范大学西北国土资源研究中心西安710062 英国洛桑研究所农业与环境中心英国赫特福德郡AL52JQ 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所陕西杨凌712100 中国科学院地球环境研究所西安710075

设置室内培养试验,在较低养分和碳素质量分数的农田土壤中,通过加入外源的高、中、低质量分数的无机磷和碳源黑麦草基质的方式,研究不同梯度的磷素质量分数和不同培养时间序列的土壤微生物磷、微生物碳磷比的变化规律以及磷素利用的有... 详细信息

设置室内培养试验,在较低养分和碳素质量分数的农田土壤中,通过加入外源的高、中、低质量分数的无机磷和碳源黑麦草基质的方式,研究不同梯度的磷素质量分数和不同培养时间序列的土壤微生物磷、微生物碳磷比的变化规律以及磷素利用的有效性。结果表明,低养分条件下外源无机磷的加入对土壤微生物碳的影响不大,黑麦草的加入引起微生物碳的巨大变化,即碳素的多少对于微生物碳的变化起着重要作用。低碳条件下,无机磷的加入对微生物磷的影响不大,而加入黑麦草后较高碳素质量分数下,微生物磷出现巨大变化,说明碳源多少对于微生物磷起着重要作用。微生物磷具有较快的周转周期。微生物碳磷比波动比较大,加入外源物质以后,分别在第5天和第25天出现高峰,大多数在第10天前后出现低谷,也就是第10天前后微生物活性较大,微生物磷质量分数较高,磷素利用较为活跃。可见,速效磷与微生物磷和微生物碳磷比具有很好的相关性,分别呈对数函数和二项式函数关系。

关键词：土壤微生物生物量碳磷比农田磷素有效性

Sailing Through the Storm: A Strategic Review of cNOOc’s Unocal Acquisition

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Petroleum Science 2006年第4期3卷 10-14页

作者： chang philip c. Wang Zhen University of calgary Canada china University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

cNOOc＇s 2005 attempt to take over Unocal was dubbed by some chinese media as ＂Acquisition of the century＂, as the $18.5 billion bid was the largest-ever overseas acquisition by a chinese company. cNOOc eventually withdrew its offer after chevron joined the bidding war and political sentiment in the U.S. congress became hostile. This paper analyzes the competitive bidding process and provides a strategic review. cNOOc＇s advantages in the acquisition included its international expertise, financing capability, access to the growing chinese market, and its willingness to retain Unocal staff after the merger. The main challenges were corporate governance, especially the understanding of the role of the board and the management of political risk in the U.S. In hindsight a pledge to divest Unocal＇s U.S. assets and not to give any impression of using subsidized loans could have helped deflect some political criticisms. Eventually, the U.S. government published the required energy security study in 2006 and it provided no support to the political concerns of the congress.

关键词： Strategy political risk cNOOc Unocal chevron

System-level Pareto frontiers for on-chip thermoelectric coolers

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Frontiers in Energy 2018年第1期12卷 109-120页

作者： Sevket U. YURUKER Michael c. FISH Zhi YANG Nicholas BALDASARO philip BARLETTA Avram BAR-cOHEN Bao YANG Department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandCollege Park MD 20742 USA Research Triangle Institute Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Micross components Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

The continuous rise in heat dissipation of integrated circuits necessitates advanced thermal solutions to ensure system reliability and efficiency. Thermoelectric coolers are among the most promising techniques for dealing with localized on-chip hot spots. This study focuses on establishing a holistic optimization methodol- ogy for such thermoelectric coolers, in which a thermo- electric element＇s thickness and the electrical current are optimized to minimize source temperature with respect to ambient, when the thermal and electrical parasitic effects are considered. It is found that when element thickness and electrical current are optimized for a given system architecture, a ＂heat flux vs. temperature difference＂ Pareto frontier curve is obtained, indicating that there is an optimum thickness and a corresponding optimum current that maximize the achievable temperature reduc- tion while removing a particular heat flux. This methodol- ogy also provides the possible system level AT＇s that can be achieved for a range of heat fluxes, defining the upper limits of thermoelectric cooling for that architecture. In this study, use was made of an extensive analytical model, which was verified using commercially available finite element analysis software. Through the optimization process, 3 pairs of master curves were generated, which were then used to compose the Pareto frontier for any given system architecture. Finally, a case study wasperformed to provide an in-depth demonstration of the optimization procedure for an example application.

关键词： thermoelectric cooling thermal management,optimization high flux electronics

MicroRNAs in laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice and rats:their expression and potential therapeutic targets

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 621-627页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Physical chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy Chemistry DivisionLos Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNMUSA Department of Medicine St.Georges University School of MedicineGrenada Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

choroidal neovascularization characterizes wet age-related macular *** neovascularization formation involves a primarily angiogenic process that is combined with both inflammation and proteolysis.A primary cause of choroidal neovascularization pathogenesis is alterations in pro-and anti-angiogenic factors derived from the retinal pigment epithelium,with vascular endothelium growth factor being mainly responsible for both clinical and experimental choroidal ***(miRNAs)which are short,non-coding,endogenous RNA molecules have a major role in regulating various pathological processes,including inflammation and angiogenesis.A review of recent studies with the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization model has shown alterations in miRNA expression in choroidal neovascularization tissues and could be potential therapeutic targets for wet age-related macular *** of miR-505(days 1 and 3 post-laser),miR-155(day 14)occurred in retina;miR-342-5p(days 3 and 7),miR-126-3p(day 14)in choroid;miR-23a,miR-24,miR-27a(day 7)in retina/choroid;miR-505(days 1 and 3)in retinal pigment epithelium/choroid;downregulation of miR-155(days 1 and 3),miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c(day 5),miR-93(day 14),miR-126(day 14)occurred in retinal pigment epithelium/*** using miRNA mimics or inhibitors were found to decrease choroidal neovascularization *** neovascularization development was reduced by overexpression of miR-155,miR-188-5p,miR-(5,B,7),miR-126-3p,miR-342-5p,miR-93,miR-126,miR-195a-3p,miR-24,miR-21,miR-31,miR-150,and miR-184,or suppression of miR-505,miR-126-3p,miR-155,and miR-23/*** studies are warranted to determine miRNA expression in mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization models in order to validate and extend the reported *** experimental variables need to be standardized;these include the strain and age of animals,gender,number and position of laser burns to the e

关键词： age-related macular degeneration angiogenesis animal model blood plasma choroid laser microRNAs neovascularization retina retinal pigment epithelium therapeutic targets vascular endothelial growth factor

The double helium-white dwarf channel for the formation of AM cVn binaries

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 101-112页

作者： Xian-Fei Zhang Jin-Zhong Liu c.Simon Jeffery philip D.Hall Shao-Lan Bi Department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill School of Physics Trinity College Dublin

Most close double helium white dwarfs will merge within a Hubble time due to orbital decay by gravitational wave ***,a significant fraction with low mass ratios will survive for a long time as a consequence of stable mass *** stable mass transfer between two helium white dwarfs（He WDs） provides one channel for the production of AM cVn binary *** previous calculations of double He WD progenitors,the accreting He WD was treated as a point *** have computed the evolution of 16 double He WD models in order to investigate the consequences of treating the evolution of both components in *** find that the boundary between binaries having stable and unstable mass transfer is slightly modified by this *** comparing with observed periods and mass ratios,we redetermine masses of eight known AM cVn stars by our double He WDs channel,*** cnc,AM cVn,V406 Hya,J0926,J1240,GP com,Gaia14 aae and V396 *** propose that central spikes in the triple-peaked emission spectra of J1240,GP com and V396 Hya and the surface abundance ratios of N/c/O in GP com can be explained by the stable double He WD *** mass estimates derived from our calculations are used to discuss the predicted gravitational wave signal in the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA） project.

关键词： stars:peculiar(helium) stars:white dwarfs binaries:close gravitational waves