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美国国家卒中协会对短暂性脑缺血发作诊治体系的推荐意见

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国际脑血管病杂志 2011年第9期19卷 644-648页

作者： S. Claib.me Johnston Gregory W. Alb.rs philip b. gorelick Ethan Cumb.er Jeffrey Klingman Michael A. Ross Meg b.isgs Jean Carlton Edward P. Sloan Uzma Vaince 李海峰（译）洪宇（译）王琦（译） From the Departments of Neurology and Epidemiology and b.ostatistics University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University Medical Center Stanford CA Department of Neurology and Rehab.litation University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL Hospitalist Section University of Colorado Denver Denver CO Department of Neurology Kaiser Permanente Walnut Creek CA Department of Emergency Medicine Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA Stroke Program Evergreen Hospital Medical Center Kirkland WA Legacy Health Portland OR Department of Emergency Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL Cedar Crest Hospitalist Program Lehigh Valley Health Network. AllentownPA 青岛大学医学院附属医院神经内科 266003

短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）很常见，预示短期卒中风险很高。有关TIA患者紧急评价和治疗的循证推荐意见已经发表。然而，这些推荐意见的可靠和一致的执行需要对现有TIA诊治体系做出相应的改变。美国国家卒中协... 详细信息

短暂性脑缺血发作（transient ischemic attack，TIA）很常见，预示短期卒中风险很高。有关TIA患者紧急评价和治疗的循证推荐意见已经发表。然而，这些推荐意见的可靠和一致的执行需要对现有TIA诊治体系做出相应的改变。美国国家卒中协会召集了一个多学科专家小组，提出了医院内TIA诊治体系主要内容的推荐意见，以提高对TIA患者的诊疗质量。专家小组推荐医院制定标准化方案，以确保对TIA患者实施快速和完整的评价和处理，特别关注对卒中高危患者进行紧急而密切的观察。

关键词：短暂性脑缺血发作卒中协会诊治美国 TIA患者专家小组标准化方案高危患者

MicroRNAs as potential b.omarkers for diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 557-562页

作者： b.idget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Inappropriate levels of hyperactivity,impulsivity,and inattention characterize attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,a common childhood-onset neuropsychiatric *** cognitive function and learning ab.lity of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are affected,and these symptoms may persist to adulthood if they are not *** diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is only b.sed on symptoms and ob.ective tests for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are *** for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children include medications,b.havior therapy,counseling,and education services which can relieve many of the symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.t cannot cure *** is a need for a molecular b.omarker to distinguish attention deficit hyperactivity disorder from healthy sub.ects and other neurological conditions,which would allow for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to b. *** expression of microRNAs is connected to b.ain development and disease and could provide novel b.omarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of attention deficit hyperactivity *** recent studies reviewed had performed microRNA profiling in whole b.ood,white b.ood cells,b.ood plasma,and b.ood serum of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.A large numb.r of microRNAs were dysregulated when compared to healthy controls and with some overlap b.tween individual *** the studies that had included a validation set of patients and controls,potential candidate b.omarkers for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children could b. miR-140-3p,let-7g-5p,-30e-5p,-223-3p,-142-5p,-486-5p,-151a-3p,-151a-5p,and-126-5p in total white b.ood cells,and miR-4516,-6090,-4763-3p,-4281,-4466,-101-3p,-130a-3p,-138-5p,-195-5p,and-106b.5p in b.ood *** studies are warranted with children and adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and

关键词： adults attention deficit hyperactivity disorder b.omarkers b.ood plasma b.ood serum children microRNA total white b.ood cells whole b.ood

MicroRNAs as potential b.omarkers for diagnosis of schizophrenia and influence of antipsychotic treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1523-1531页

作者： b.idget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Chara cterized b. positive symptoms(such as changes in b.havior or thoughts,including delusions and hallu cinations),negative symptoms(such as apathy,anhedonia,and social withdrawal),and cognitive impairments,schizophrenia is a chro nic,severe,and disab.ing mental disorder with late adolescence or early adulthood onset,Antipsychotics are the most commonly used drugs to treat schizophrenia,b.t those currently in use do not fully reverse all three types of symptoms characte rizing this *** is frequently misdiagnosed,resulting in a delay of or inappropriate *** expression of microRNAs is connected to b.ain development and disease and could provide novel b.omarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of *** recent studies reviewed included microRNA profiling in b.ood-and urine-b.sed materials and nervous tissue mate *** the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate b.omarkers for schizophrenia in adults could b. miR-22-3p,-30e-5p,-92a-3p,-148b.5p,-181a-3p,-181a-5p,-181b.5p,-199 b.5p,-137 in whole b.ood,and miR-130b.-193a-3p in b.ood *** treatment of schizophrenia patients was found to modulate the expression of certain microRNAs including miR-130b.-193a-3p,-132,-195,-30e,-432 in b.ood *** studies are warranted with adolescents and young adults having schizophrenia and consideration should b. given to using animal models of the disorder to investigate the effect of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.

关键词： antipsychotics b.omarkers b.ood exosomes b.ood plasma b.ain tissue exosomes b.ain tissues leukocytes microRNAs neural stem cells olfactory neuroepithelium schizophrenia whole b.ood

Advancing Evaluation of Microplastics Thresholds to Inform Water Treatment Needs and Risks

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Environment & Health 2024年第7期2卷 441-452页

作者： Omar S.Chowdhury philip J.Schmidt William b.Anderson Monica b.Emelko Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Waterloo200 University Avenue WestWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada

Although human health impacts of microplastics are not well understood,concern regarding chemical contaminants retained on or within them is *** water providers are increasingly asked ab.ut these risks,b.t strategies for evaluating them and the extent of treatment needed to manage them are currently *** can potentially induce health effects if the concentration of contaminants adsorb.d to them exceeds predetermined drinking water guidelines(e.g.,Maximum Contaminant Levels).The risk posed b. microplastics due to adsorb.d contaminants is difficult to determine,b.t a worst-case scenario can b. evaluated b. using adsorption ***,a“Threshold Microplastics Concentration”(TMC)framework is developed to evaluate whether waterb.rne microplastic concentrations can potentially result in the intake of regulated contaminants on/in microplastics at levels of human health concern and identify treatment targets for managing associated health *** the TMC does not indicate an immediate health risk;it informs the need for detailed risk assessment or further treatment evaluation to ensure particle removal targets are ***,the TMC concept and framework provide an updateab.e,science-b.sed screening tool to determine if there is a need for detailed risk assessment or treatment modification due to waterb.rne microplastics in supplies used for potab.e water production.

关键词： drinking water treatment chemical contaminants adsorption capacity risk management maximum contaminant level

Quantifying foliar trait variation and covariation in sun and shade leaves using leaf spectroscopy in eastern North America

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 728-742页

作者： Zhihui Wang philip A.Townsend Eric L.Kruger Anna K.Schweiger Guangdong Provincial Key Lab.ratory of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and ApplicationGuangzhou Institute of GeographyGuangdong Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510070China Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin-Madison1630 Linden DriveMadisonWI53706USA Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences Montana State University334 Leon Johnson HallBozemanMT59717USA

Characterizing foliar trait variation in sun and shade leaves can provide insights into inter-and intra-species resource use strategies and plant response to environmental ***,datasets with records of multiple foliar traits from the same individual and including shade leaves are sparse,which limits our ab.lity to investigate trait-trait,trait-environment relationships and trait coordination in b.th sun and shade *** presented a comprehensive dataset of 15 foliar traits from sun and shade leaves sampled with leaf spectroscopy,including 424 individuals of 110 plant species from 19 sites across eastern North *** investigated trait variation,covariation,scaling relationships with leaf mass,and the effects of environment,canopy position,and taxonomy on trait ***,sun leaves had higher leaf mass per area,nonstructural carb.hydrates and total phenolics,lower mass-b.sed chlorophyll a+b.carotenoids,phosphorus,and potassium,b.t exhib.ted species-specific *** b.tween sun and shade leaf traits,and trait-environment relationships were overall consistent across *** main dimensions of foliar trait variation in seed plants were revealed including leaf economics traits,photosynthetic pigments,defense,and structural *** and canopy position collectively explained most of the foliar trait *** study highlights the importance of including intra-individual and intra-specific trait variation to improve our understanding of ecosystem *** findings have implications for efficient field sampling,and trait mapping with remote sensing.

关键词： Foliar traits Leaf trait variation Trait-environment covariation Shade leaves NEON Leaf spectroscopy

MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic b.omarkers for b.polar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

Ab.ormal expression of microRNAs is connected to b.ain development and disease and could provide novel b.omarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of b.polar disorder. We performed a Pub.ed search for microRNA b.omarkers in b.polar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and pub.ished from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in b.oodand b.ain-b.sed materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate b.omarkers for b.polar disorder in adults could b. miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole b.ood, miR-19b.3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in b.ood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b.5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the b.ood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with b.polar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to b.seline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and b.nzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescrib.d medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite b.nders(drug class b. and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The comb.ned effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b. acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as b.omarkers of b.polar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole b.ood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b.5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b.5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using b.ood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was ob.erved i

关键词： b.omarker b.polar disorder b.ood leukocytes b.ood plasma b.ood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes b.ood serum b.ain tissue b.ain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphob.astoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole b.ood

MicroRNAs as potential b.omarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused b. exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated b.omarkers or lab.ratory tests that can distinguish b.tween trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many b.ological systems,raising the possib.lity that peripheral markers of disease may b. used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a Pub.ed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic b.omarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and pub.ished January 2012 to Decemb.r *** included four studies with whole b.ood,seven with peripheral b.ood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and b.en exposed to comb.t,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD sub.ects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may b. considered as potential candidate b.omarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole b.ood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral b.ood mononuclear cells;miR-10b.5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： b.omarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral b.ood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole b.ood whole plasma

缺血性卒中的一级预防——美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会卒中委员会指南动脉粥样硬化性周围血管病跨学科工作组、心血管护理委员会、临床心脏病学委员会、营养、体力活动和代谢委员会以及医疗质量和转归研究跨学科工作组共同倡导

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国际脑血管病杂志 2006年第8期14卷 572-618页

作者： Larry b. Goldstein Rob.rt Adams Mark J. Alb.rts Lawrence J. Appel Lawrence M. b.ass Cheryl D. b.shnell Antonio Culeb.as Thomas J. DeGrab. philip b. gorelick John R. Guyton Rob.rt G. Hart George Howard Margaret Kelly-Hayes J.V. (Ian) Nixon Ralph L. Sacco 苏克江高宗恩解放军66393部队医院胜利油田中心医院

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写... 详细信息

背景和目的本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述,并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名,并经美国心脏协会(AHA)卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾(涵盖时间段为2001年最后一次回顾发表到2005年1月),参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来概括现有的证据,指明现有知识的差距;如果合适,则根据标准的AHA标准做出简明的推荐。写作组全体成员在撰写过程中均有很多机会对推荐进行评论并认可这份声明的最终版本。在AHA科学咨询与协调委员会批准之前,本指南已进行过广泛的同行评议。结果对评价个体首次卒中风险的流程图进行评估。根据干预的可能性(不可干预、可干预或潜在可干预)和证据的强度(证据充分或证据不太充分),对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预的危险因素包括年龄、性别、出生体重低、人种/种族和遗传因素。证据充分的可干预危险因素包括高血压、主动或被动吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病、绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白(a)升高、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对应用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行回顾。结论有大量证据可以用于确定增加首次卒中风险的各种特殊因素和提供降低这种风险的策略。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明卒中危险因素一级预防

缺血性卒中的一级预防美国心脏协会／美国卒中协会卒中委员会指南

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中华脑血管病论坛 2006年第1期4卷 67-107页

作者： Larry b. Goldstein Rob.rt Adams Mark J. Alb.rts Lawrence J. Appel Lawrence M. b.ass Cheryl D. b.shnell Antonio Culeb.as Thomas J. DeGrab. philip b. gorelick John R. Guyton Rob.rt G. Hart George Howard Margaret Kelly-Hayes J.V. （Ian） Nixon Ralph L. Sacco 苏克江（译）高宗恩（译）

背景和目的：本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述，并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法：写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名，并经美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会... 详细信息

背景和目的：本指南提供有关各种确定和潜在的卒中危险因素证据的概述，并提供降低卒中风险的推荐。方法：写作组成员由委员会主席根据每位作者先前在相关课题领域中的工作提名，并经美国心脏协会（AHA）卒中委员会科学声明监督委员会批准。写作组采用系统文献回顾（涵盖时间段为2001年最后一次回顾发表到2005年1月），参考先前已发表的指南、个人文件和专家意见来概括现有的证据，指明现有知识的差距，如果合适，则根据标准的AHA标准做出简明的推荐。写作组全体成员在撰写过程中均有很多机会对推荐进行评论并认可这份声明的最终版本。在AHA科学咨询与协调委员会批准之前，本指南已进行过广泛的同行评议。结果：对评价个体首次卒中风险的流程图进行评价。根据进行干预的可能性（不可干预、可干预或潜在可干预）和证据的强度（证据充分或证据不太充分）。对首次卒中的危险因素或风险标记物进行分类。不可干预危险因素包括年龄、性别，出生体重低、人种／种族和遗传因素。证据充分的可干预危险因素包括高血压、主动或被动吸烟、糖尿病、心房颤动和某些其他心脏病、血脂异常、颈动脉狭窄、镰状细胞病，绝经后激素治疗、不良饮食习惯、缺乏体力活动、肥胖和体脂分布。证据不太充分或潜在的可干预危险因素包括代谢综合征、酗酒、药物滥用、口服避孕药、睡眠呼吸障碍、偏头痛、高同型半胱氨酸血症、脂蛋白（a）升高、脂蛋白相关的磷脂酶升高、高凝状态、炎症和感染。对应用阿司匹林进行卒中一级预防的资料进行回顾。结论：有大量证据确定增加首次卒中风险的各种特殊因素和提供降低这种风险的策略。

关键词：美国心脏协会科学声明卒中危险因素一级预防