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The pikas of China: a review of current research priorities and challenges for conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 110-128页

作者： Joseph P.LAMBERT Xiaozheng ZHANG Kun SHI philip riordan Wildlife Institute School of Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingChina Eco-Bridge Continental Haidian DistrictBeijingChina Marwell Wildlife WinchesterHampshireUK

Of the approximately 30 extant species of pika(Ochotona;Ochotonidae;Lagomorpha),at least 23 occur in *** these,8 are endemic,and 3 are classiﬁed as Endangered by the *** into most Chinese species is scarce,and there is much to learn about basic aspects of their *** reviewed the literature on the 23 Chinese Ochotona species,with the aim of highlighting knowledge gaps and biases in research ***ﬁcally,we identify(1)which pika species receive the most attention from researchers,(2)which topics are the most frequently studied,and(3)how well research satisﬁes conservation *** covered a total of 879 articles,most of which were written in English or *** 75%of all publications focused on the plateau pika Ochotona *** species were represented by 10 or fewer publications *** and endemic species were particularly poorly represented.204 papers treated pikas as a pest,while 13 studied conservation *** species were considered possible targets for pest control,including some poorly known *** make some recommendations on how research into Chinese Ochotona could be improved,including:(1)recognizing that the current species-level taxonomy may be an ineffective way to prioritize conservation research in Ochotona,(2)directing more research toward threatened and endemic species,subspecies,and populations,(3)researching the ecosystem engineering effects of pikas,(4)collecting basic data on natural history of the many understudied species,and(5)researching threats,including climate change and pest control campaigns.

关键词： conservation Lagomorpha Ochotona prioritization research allocation

Dietary overlap of snow leopard and other carnivores in the Pamirs of Northwestern China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第25期59卷 3162-3168页

作者： Jun Wang Alice Laguardia Peter John Damerell philip riordan Kun Shi The Wildlife Institute School of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of ZoologyUniversity of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre AbingdonOX13 5QL UK

Information about competition between carnivore species for food within high altitude regions is *** collected from the Taxkorgan Nature Reserve,China revealed important interactions between snow leopard(Panthera uncia),grey wolf(Canis lupus),red fox(Vulpes vulpes)and their prey species,including domestic ***-four line transects were conducted in order to identify field signs of habitat occupancy and collect scats for diet *** dietary overlap was observed between all three carnivore species:snow leopard and red fox(Pianka’s index=0.96),red fox and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.90),snow leopard and grey wolf(Pianka’s index=0.87).Snow leopard and grey wolf showed significant predation on livestock(36.8%for snow leopard and 29.4%for grey wolf in diet composition).As a pioneering exploration of the endangered snow leopard and its relationship with other species within the alpine ecosystem under livestock grazing pressure,this study contributes a greater understanding of the relationship within carnivore guild in the Pamirs whilst providing implications for conservation planning and project implementation activities in China.

关键词：帕米尔高原食肉动物中国西北雪豹膳食动物物种自然保护区塔什库尔干

Initial Assessment on Large and Medium Sized Terrestrial Mammal Assemblage Using Camera Trapping in Nangunhe Nature Reserve in Yunnan, China

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015年第5期6卷 331-344页

作者： Eve BOHNETT philip riordan 时坤北京林业大学自然保护学院野生动物研究所北京100083 牛津大学动物学系

During surveys for wild felids in Nangunhe Nature Reserve, Yunnan province, China, we conducted a wider mammal survey of the core nature reserve area, using camera trapping techniques. Forty motion-triggered digital camera traps had been set in oldest forest tract of protected area to conduct a species inventory. The total camera trapping effort of 2460 camera trap nights yielded 232 digital photographs of mammals represented by 17 species in ifve orders. The species photographed include rare and elusive species and those that are of high conservation value, such as IUCN endangered species Asiatic elephant （Elephas maximus）, and Phayre’s leaf monkey （Trachypit hecus phayrei）. In addition, IUCN vulnerable species including Asiatic black bear （Ursus thibetanus）, sambar （Rusa unicolor）, northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonine）, and marbled cat （Pardofelis marmorata）, and more common species were found. Al mammals were also listed as key protected wild animals by the State Forestry Administration of China. Of particular importance were the carnivores, with 7 different species recorded. Ungulates and other taxa forming a prey base for these predators,such as rhesus macaque （Macaca mulatta）, red muntjac （Muntiacus muntjac）, sambar, wild boar （Sus scrofa）, and Chinese serow （Capricornis milneedwardsi）, were found to be the most frequently photographed and most widespread species. Opportunities for local people to develop standardized monitoring designs for targeted species were identiifed by these initial assessment results. Local nature reserve staff lacked technical ability to produce standardized survey designs, yet a by product of this type of non-standardized data collection can be very informative and produce inventory information that gives a species richness analysis, as well as initial estimates for occupancy and detection probability for abundant species to drive future standardized survey designs and efforts.

关键词： species richness species inventory occupancy modeling

People and Protected Areas:Understanding Attitude Alignment for More Effective Conservation

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2015年第5期6卷 281-292页

作者： Charlotte E.L.WHITHAM 时坤 philip riordan 北京林业大学自然保护学院野生动物研究所北京100083 牛津大学动物学系

When the attitudes of local people towards wildlife and conservation are not aligned with those of other stakeholders, signiifcant conlficts can result, potentially undermining conservation efforts. We collected attitudinal data from 171 local people and 59 governmental staff from a Nature Reserve in southwestern China. These attitudinal questions covered key topics of ecosystem services, protected areas and human-wildlife coexistence. Statistically signiifcant （p〈0.05） similarities of responses between local people and staff were identiifed and the nature of any disparity was investigated. The majority of attitudes relating to protected areas （60%） and coexistence （100%） were statisticaly similar between the two groups, unlike 25% of responses relating to ecosystem services. Few characteristics of staff were statisticaly associated with their attitudes, whereas responses from local people were frequently associated with sub-village. Such attitudinal studies inform recommendations that consider the potential for future conlficts that might persist folowing attitudinal disparity between two key stakeholders.

关键词： attitudes protected area local communities conservation conlficts management

高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)及对其种群的人工控制对高寒草原鸟类群落结构的影响

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2023年第1期14卷 46-56页

作者： JOSEPH P.LAMBERT JOHANNA V.HARTMANN 时坤 philip riordan 北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院野生动物研究所北京100083 南安普顿大学生物学院英国南安普顿SO171BJ Marwell Wildlife 英国温切斯特罕布什尔SO211JH 陆桥生态中心北京100083

中国的青藏高原地区是鸟类保护的重要区域,也是许多特有种和濒危物种赖以繁衍、栖息的家园。在全球范围内,群居穴居哺乳动物的存在对生活在干旱草原生态系统中的鸟类的种群结构都有着至关重要的影响。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)便是... 详细信息

中国的青藏高原地区是鸟类保护的重要区域,也是许多特有种和濒危物种赖以繁衍、栖息的家园。在全球范围内,群居穴居哺乳动物的存在对生活在干旱草原生态系统中的鸟类的种群结构都有着至关重要的影响。高原鼠兔(Ochotona curzoniae)便是其中的代表物种之一,其集群筑巢的行为为青藏高原地区的许多鸟类提供了丰富的生存资源。然而,鼠兔被当地牧民视作有害物种,并被列为人工灭杀的目标物种之一,鼠兔种群的急剧下降可能对当地鸟类群落造成显著影响。本研究在甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区开展了鸟类群落调查,旨在研究鸟类群落结构的差异与鼠兔洞穴群存在与否的关系。为此,本研究将调查点按照鼠兔洞穴的有(群落中)无(群落外),以及鼠兔群落是否已被灭杀进行分类。综合运用非度量多维标定法(NMDS)、置换多元方差分析(PERMANOVA),以及秩和检验(Wilcoxon rank-sum tests)进行分析,结果显示,分布在鼠兔群落已被灭杀和未被灭杀的调查点的鸟类群落在结构上不存在显著差异。另一方面,本研究在“群落中”和“群落外”观测到的鸟类群落结构则存在显著的差异,且此差异具有统计学意义。在有鼠兔集群的调查点中观测到了10个物种,而只有角百灵(Eremophila alpestris)被持续观测到出现在“群落外”。有6个物种在“群落中”的物种多度显著高于“群落外”。虽然本研究结果无法证实盐池湾地区开展的鼠兔种群控制行动直接改变了当地鸟类群落的结构,但鼠兔群落的存在无疑为鸟类提供了不可或缺的生存资源。

关键词：鸟类群落生态学生态系统工程师高原鼠兔青藏高原

Species identification refined by molecular scatology in a community of sympatric carnivores in Xinjiang, China

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Zoological Research 2015年第2期36卷 72-78页

作者： Alice LAGUARDIA Jun WANG Fang-Lei SHI Kun SHI philip riordan The Wildlife Institute Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China The Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Department of Zoology University of Oxford South Parks Road Oxford OXf 3PS UK

Many ecological studies and conservation management plans employ noninvasive scat sampling based on the assumption that species’ scats can be correctly identified in the field. However, in habitats with sympatric similarly sized carnivores, misidentification of scats is frequent and can lead to bias in research results. To address the scat identification dilemma, molecular scatology techniques have been developed to extract DNA from the donor cells present on the outer lining of the scat samples. A total of 100 samples were collected in the winter of 2009 and 2011 in Taxkorgan region of Xinjiang, China. DNA was extracted successfully from 88% of samples and genetic species identification showed that more than half the scats identified in the field as snow leopard（Panthera uncia） actually belonged to fox（Vulpes vulpes）. Correlation between scat characteristics and species were investigated, showing that diameter and dry weight of the scat were significantly different between the species. However it was not possible to define a precise range of values for each species because of extensive overlap between the morphological values. This preliminary study confirms that identification of snow leopard feces in the field is misleading. Research that relies upon scat samples to assess distribution or diet of the snow leopard should therefore employ molecular scatology techniques. These methods are financially accessible and employ relatively simple laboratory procedures that can give an indisputable response to species identification from scats.

关键词： DNA analysis Snow leopard Scats Noninvasive genetics Carnivore

How Snow Leopards Share the Same Landscape with Tibetan Agro-pastoral Communities in the Chinese Himalayas

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2022年第3期13卷 483-500页

作者： XIAO Changxi BAI Defeng Joseph PLAMBERT LI Yibin Lhaba CERING GONG Ziling philip riordan SHI Kun Wildlife Institute School of Ecology and Nature ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Everest Snow Leopard Conservation Center RikazeTibet 857000China Eco-Bridge Continental Beijing 100085China Qomolangma National Nature Reserve Administration RikazeTibet 857000China Vanke Foundation ShenzhenGuangdong 518000China Marwell Wildlife Winchester SO211JHUK

The snow leopard(Panthera uncia)inhabits a human-altered alpine landscape and is often tolerated by residents in regions where the dominant religion is Tibetan Buddhism,including in Qomolangma NNR on the northern side of the Chinese *** these positive attitudes,many decades of rapid economic development and population growth can cause increasing disturbance to the snow leopards,altering their habitat use patterns and ultimately impacting their *** adopted a dynamic landscape ecology perspective and used multiscale technique and occupancy model to better understand snow leopard habitat use and coexistence with humans in an 825 km^(2) communal *** ranked eight hypothetical models containing potential natural and anthropogenic drivers of habitat use and compared them between summer and winter seasons within a *** was the optimal model in winter,whereas ANTHROPOGENIC INFLUENCE was the top ranking in summer(AICc_(w)≤2).Overall,model performance was better in the winter than in the summer,suggesting that perhaps some latent summer covariates were not *** the individual variables,terrain ruggedness strongly affected snow leopard habitat use in the winter,but not in the *** modeling suggested snow leopards prefer to use rugged land in winter with a broad scale(4000 m focal radius)but with a lesser scale in summer(30 m);Snow leopards preferred habitat with a slope of 22°at a scale of 1000 m throughout both seasons,which is possibly correlated with prey ***,all covariates mentioned above showed inextricable ties with human activities(presence of settlements and grazing intensity).Our findings show that multiple sources of anthropogenic activity have complex connections with snow leopard habitat use,even under low human density when anthropogenic activities are sparsely distributed across a vast *** study is also valuable for habitat use research in the future,especially regardin

关键词： habitat use landscape ecology occupancy model Qomolangma Panthera uncia

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新疆塔什库尔干岩羊和北山羊种群密度调查

野生动物 2012年第3期33卷 113-117页

作者：王君时坤 philip riordan 北京林业大学自然保护区学院北京100083 英国牛津大学动物系野生动物保护研究所

有蹄类动物为新疆塔什库尔干地区分布的雪豹、狼和猞猁等捕食动物提供了重要的食物资源。为了掌握该地区主要野生有蹄类动物的种群密度,于2009年2～3月通过车行样线和步行样线2种调查方式,采用距离取样方法,对岩羊和北山羊种群数量进行... 详细信息

有蹄类动物为新疆塔什库尔干地区分布的雪豹、狼和猞猁等捕食动物提供了重要的食物资源。为了掌握该地区主要野生有蹄类动物的种群密度,于2009年2～3月通过车行样线和步行样线2种调查方式,采用距离取样方法,对岩羊和北山羊种群数量进行了调查分析。车行样线调查获得的岩羊密度为1.791～6.751只/km^2,北山羊密度为0～0.140只/km^2。步行样线调查获得的密度较低,岩羊和北山羊分别为0.008～0.698只/km^2和0.023～0.252只/km^2。调查结果显示该地区岩羊和北山羊种群密度较上世纪80年代中期有所下降。

关键词：塔什库尔干有蹄类动物种群密度样线调查

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新疆塔什库尔干有蹄类动物种群密度研究

山西林业科技 2012年第2期41卷 1-4,21页

作者：王君时坤 philip riordan 北京林业大学自然保护区学院北京100083 牛津大学动物系野生动物保护研究所

通过机动车样线和步行样线两种调查方式,采用距离取样方法,对新疆塔什库尔干地区岩羊(Pseudoisnayaur)和北山羊(Capra sibirica)的种群数量进行了调查分析。采用AIC拟合模型分析结果显示,机动车样线调查获得的岩羊密度为2.652只/km2～4.... 详细信息

通过机动车样线和步行样线两种调查方式,采用距离取样方法,对新疆塔什库尔干地区岩羊(Pseudoisnayaur)和北山羊(Capra sibirica)的种群数量进行了调查分析。采用AIC拟合模型分析结果显示,机动车样线调查获得的岩羊密度为2.652只/km2～4.344只/km2,北山羊密度为0.046只/km2～0.070只/km2.步行样线调查获得的密度较低,岩羊密度为0.315只/km2～0.427只/km2,北山羊密度为0.117只/km2～0.175只/km2.机动车样线调查模型中,遇见率在两种有蹄类动物密度差异中贡献最大,从72.6%到98.6%;在步行样线调查模型中,遇见率对北山羊的密度差异贡献最大。群个体数对步行样线有蹄类动物密度差异的贡献率高于机动车样线调查。

关键词：塔什库尔干有蹄类动物种群密度遇见率