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Indian time:time,seasonality,and culture in Traditional Ecological Knowledge of climate change

Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 274-284页

作者： Samantha Chisholm Hatfield Elizabeth Marino Kyle Powys Whyte Kathie d.dello philip W.Mote Oregon Climate Change Research Institute Oregon State University104 CEOAS Admin BuildingCorvallisOR 97331USA department of Social Sciences Oregon State University Cascades Campus2600 NW College WayBendOR 97701USA department of Philosophy Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA department of Community Sustainability Michigan State University503 S.Kedzie HallEast LansingMI 48824-1032USA

Introduction:Western climate science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK)represent complementary and overlapping views of the causes and consequences of *** particular,observations of changes in abundance,distribution,phenology,or behavior of the natural environment(including plants and animals)can have a rich cultural and spiritual interpretation in Indigenous communities that may not be present in western science ***:Using interviews with Indigenous elders and other Traditional Knowledge holders,we demonstrate that assumptions about the nature,perception,and utilization of time and timing can differ across knowledge systems in regard to climate ***:Our interviewees’focus on relationality predisposes them to notice interactional changes among humans and other species,to be sensitive to smaller scale examples of change,to be more likely to see climate change as part of a broader time scale,and to link changes to a greater suite of socio-political phenomena,including the long arc of *** implication of this research and the interactions among humans and other species is that policies restricting Native and non-Native access to resources(i.e.,hunting and fishing)to certain calendar seasons may need to be revisited in a changing climate.

关键词： Traditional Ecological Knowledge(TEK) Traditional Knowledge(TK) Indigenous Knowledge(IK) Climate change Phenology Seasonality Time

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The double helium-white dwarf channel for the formation of AM CVn binaries

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2018年第1期18卷 101-112页

作者： Xian-Fei Zhang Jin-Zhong Liu C.Simon Jeffery philip d.Hall Shao-Lan Bi department of Astronomy Beijing Normal University Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences Armagh Observatory and Planetarium College Hill School of Physics Trinity College Dublin

Most close double helium white dwarfs will merge within a Hubble time due to orbital decay by gravitational wave ***,a significant fraction with low mass ratios will survive for a long time as a consequence of stable mass *** stable mass transfer between two helium white dwarfs（He Wds） provides one channel for the production of AM CVn binary *** previous calculations of double He Wd progenitors,the accreting He Wd was treated as a point *** have computed the evolution of 16 double He Wd models in order to investigate the consequences of treating the evolution of both components in *** find that the boundary between binaries having stable and unstable mass transfer is slightly modified by this *** comparing with observed periods and mass ratios,we redetermine masses of eight known AM CVn stars by our double He Wds channel,*** Cnc,AM CVn,V406 Hya,J0926,J1240,GP Com,Gaia14 aae and V396 *** propose that central spikes in the triple-peaked emission spectra of J1240,GP Com and V396 Hya and the surface abundance ratios of N/C/O in GP Com can be explained by the stable double He Wd *** mass estimates derived from our calculations are used to discuss the predicted gravitational wave signal in the context of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna（LISA） project.

关键词： stars:peculiar(helium) stars:white dwarfs binaries:close gravitational waves

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Extent and chronology of Quaternary glaciation

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 211-218页

作者： Jurgen Ehlers philip Gibbard Geologisches Landesamt Billstrasse 84. D-20539 Hamburg Germany Cambndge Quaternary Department Of Geography University of cambridge downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EN England.

In a recent INQUA project the extent of Pleistocene glaciations has been digitally mapped and the chronology of events reviewed. The onset of the present Ice Age in both hemispheres dates back to the Palaeogene. In Greenland, Iceland, North America and southernmost South America sizeable ice sheets formed well before 2.6 ka BP. In Alaska and on Tierra del Fuego the ice advanced further than in any later glaciations. Evidence for Early Pleistocene glaciation （2.6-0. 78 Ma） has been reported from many parts of the world, but in most cases dating remains problematic, and the size of the glaciers and ice sheets is unknown.

关键词：第四纪地质时代冰川范围年代

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The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 46-60页

作者： Chris M dEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray d MACKAY philip MARSH Global Institute for Water Security University of SaskatchewanNational Hydrology Research Centre Cold Regions Research Centre Wilfrid Laurier University School of Geography and Earth Sciences Mc Master University department of Environment and Geography University of Manitoba Science and Technology Branch Environment Canada

Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern *** is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental *** Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in *** network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing *** paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling *** overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are *** of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is *** future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.

关键词： climate change cryosphere hydrology atmospheric science ecology modelling Canada

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Rangeland hillslope lengths:A case study at the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed,southeastern Arizona

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第4期10卷 597-609页

作者： Li Li Mark A.Nearing philip Heilman Mary H.Nichols d.P.Guertin C.J.Williams School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of ArizonaTucsonAZ85705USA USdA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZ85719USA

Rangeland hillslopes provide much of the sediment supplied to channel systems and their lengths exert a fundamental constraint on hillslope diffusive ***,information regarding lengths of rangeland hillslopes,and how best to estimate them,is *** this study,three groups of watersheds(10 in total)were selected from the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed according to their geology,soil and vegetation *** 1 watersheds were at lower elevations dominated by shrubs,Group 3 were at high elevations dominated by grass,and Group 2 were mixed shrub and *** hillslope lengths were calculated from 1 m-resolution dEMs using three methods:a flow routing algorithm,slope-area relationships,and inverted relationship with drainage *** that characterize the current watersheds,including Hack's exponent and coefficient,watershed shape coefficient,channel concavity and steepness,and surface roughness,were quantified and related to hillslope *** shows:(1)estimated hillslope lengths were different for the three methods and between the three groups of watersheds;(2)hillslope lengths that measured from the flow routing algorithm for the ten selected watersheds primarily ranged from 30 to 100 m,with a median value of 63.0 m,which was 20%e50%greater than those derived from slope-area plots or drainage densities;(3)hillslope lengths estimated from the flow routing method were greater in Group 3 watersheds than in Group 2 and then in Group 1 *** attributed these differences in hillslope lengths to the historic epeirogenic pulses,watershed and drainage network morphology,and differences in vegetation characteristics;(4)measured hillslope lengths from the flow routing algorithm were best correlated with hillslope relief,then surface roughness,channel steepness and *** results would benefit the applications of hydrological and erosion models in rangelands.

关键词： Rangeland hillslope Slope length drainage density Slope-area relationship Hillslope hydrology

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distribution of Fucosylated Xyloglucans among the Walls of different Cell Types in Monocotyledons determined by Immunofluorescence Microscopy

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Molecular Plant 2011年第1期4卷 144-156页

作者： Maree Brennan philip J. Harris School of Biological Sciences The University of Auckland Private Bag 92019 Auckland New Zealand

Xyloglucans in the non-lignified primary cell walls of different species of monocotyledons have diverse struc- tures, with widely varying proportions of oligosaccharide units that contain fucosylated side chains （F side chains）. To determine whether fucosylated xyloglucans occur in all non-lignified walls in a range of monocotyledon species, we used immunofluorescence microscopy with the monoclonal antibody CCRC-M1. The epitope of this antibody, α-L-FUCp-（1 →2）- β-d-Galp, occurs in F side chains. In most non-commelinid monocotyledons, the epitope was found in all non-lignified walls. A similar distribution was found in the palm Phoenix canariensis, which is a member of the basal commelinid order Arecales. However, in the other commelinid orders Zingiberales, Commelinales, and Poales, the occurrence of the epitope was restricted, sometimes occurring in only the phloem walls, but often also in walls of other cell types including stomatal guard and subsidiary cells and raphide idioblasts. No epitope was found in the walls of the commelinids Tradescantia virginiana （Commelinaceae, Commelinales） and Zea mays （Poaceae, Poales）, but it occurred in the phloem walls of two other Poaceae species, Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne. The distribution of the epitope is discussed in relation to xyloglucan structures in the different taxa. However, the functional significance of the restricted distributions is unknown.

关键词： Commelinid monocotyledons fucosylated xyloglucans immunofluorescence microscopy monoclona antibody CCRC-M1 non-commelinid monocotyledons plant cell wall.

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drag-reduction of 3d printed shark-skin-like surfaces

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Friction 2019年第6期7卷 603-612页

作者： Wei dAI Masfer ALKAHTANI philip RHEMMER Hong LIANG department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering(IQSE) Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA Center for Quantum Optics and Quantum Informatics KACSTRiyadh 11442Saudi Arabia department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

The marvels of the slippery and clean sharkskin have inspired the development of many clinical and engineering products, although the mechanisms of interfacial interaction between the sharkskin and water have yet to be fully understood. In the present research, a methodology was developed to evaluate morphological parameters and to enable studying the effects of scale orientation on the fluidic behavior of water. The scale orientation of a shark skin was defined as the angle between the ridges and fluid flow direction. Textured surfaces with a series orientation of scales were designed and fabricated using 3 d printing of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS). The fluid drag performance was evaluated using a rheometer. Results showed that the shark–skin-like surface with 90 degree orientation of scales exhibited the lowest viscosity drag. Its maximum viscosity reduction was 9%. A viscosity map was constructed based on the principals of fluid dynamic. It revealed that the drag reduction effect of a shark-skin-like surface was attributed to the low velocity gradient. This was further proven using diamond nitrogen-vacancy sensing where florescent diamond particles were distributed evenly when the velocity gradient was at the lowest. This understanding could be used as guidance for future surface design.

关键词： shark skin 3d printing textured surface drag reduction nitrogen vacancy

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Making drug discovery More Efficient Applying Statistical Entropy to Biology

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Journal of Modern Physics 2020年第12期11卷 1969-1976页

作者： philip d. Houck department of Medicine (division of Cardiology) Baylor Scott & White Health Temple TX USA

Biology without governing principle makes predications impossible. Observations lead to some successful therapies, and to unexpected failures. Erwin Schrödinger attempted to quantify biology with the concept of negative entropy. These insights lead to fundamental principles of biologic entropy. The quantification of negative entropy is difficult to calculate since the number of parts of the body and the way these parts are arranged is very large (atomistic disorder). There can be approximations that answer questions such as why females live longer, and why a lower body temperature predicts longevity. This concept can reveal the culprit of diabetes II;understanding the microbiome can reduce its entropy by increasing the entropy of its host. The real advantage of statistical entropy is finding new drugs and predicting viral mutations based on energetics and negative entropy. The misfolding of a protein will increase the entropy of an individual with the result of early death. The calculations of biologic entropy require the knowledge of each developmental step, and the statistical possibilities of the next step. If the step is crucial to maintain low entropy, a carrier protein will assure the energetics of the step is favorable. This protein is the target of new therapies.

关键词： Negative Entropy Quantification of Biology Carrier Proteins drug development

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dNA reveals long-distance partial migratory behavior in a cryptic owl lineage

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Chinese Birds 2015年第4期6卷 235-241页

作者： Keren R.Sadanandan david J.X.Tan Kolbjorn Schjolberg philip d.Round Frank E.Rheindt department of Biological Sciences National University of Singapore TSG/31 BSP HQ department of Biology Faculty of ScienceMahidol University

Background: The Brown Hawk Owl complex is said to consist of three species,the Brown Boobook(Ninox scutulata),the Chocolate Boobook(Ninox randi) and the Northern Boobook(Ninox japonica),which includes the nominate migratory lineage Ninox japonica japonica and a mitochondrially distinct lineage of taxonomically uncertain status that has been recorded year-round at least in *** in ranges during migration and morphological similarity have led to difficulties in distinguishing the Brown Boobook from the Northern ***: PCR of cytochrome-b and Sanger sequencing of Ninox samples from Singapore and Brunei were used to determine sample ***: Two out of four Singaporean samples and the Brunei sample were identified as Northern *** is the first official record of this species in Singapore and represents a considerable range extension for the ***,the samples belong to the mitochondrially distinct lineage previously characterized in resident Taiwan Residents populations rather than to the well-known nominate migratory ***: Our data show that the mitochondrial signature previously documented in resident Taiwan Residents populations of the Northern Boobook extends to migratory *** cryptic lineage may be more widespread in its breeding quarters,extending to the Chinese and Russian mainland,in which case the name florensis would apply to *** genetic and bioacoustic investigation is required to resolve the taxonomic status of this lineage.

关键词： Migration Cryptic species Mitochondrial lineage Brown hawk owl Partial migrant

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Effects of a regenerating matrix on the survival of birds in tropical forest fragments

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Avian Research 2020年第1期11卷 16-24页

作者： Jared d.Wolfe philip C.Stouffer Richard O.Bierregaard Jr david A.Luther Thomas E.Lovejoy College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA Biological dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazoiaManaus 69011Brazil College of Renewable Natural Resources Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Biology department George Mason University4400 University Drive MS3EFairfaxVA 22030USA

Background: Vast areas of lowland neotropical forest have regenerated after initially being cleared for agricultural purposes. The ecological value of regenerating second growth to forest-dwelling birds may largely depend on the age of the forest, associated vegetative structure, and when it is capable of sustaining avian demographics similar to those found in pristine ***: To determine the influence of second growth age on bird demography, we estimated the annual survival of six central Amazonian bird species residing in pristine forest, a single 100 and a single 10 ha forest fragment, taking into consideration age of the surrounding matrix(i.e. regenerating forest adjacent to each fragment) as an explanatory ***: Study species exhibited three responses: arboreal, flocking and ant-following insectivores(Willisornis poecilinotus, Thamnomanes ardesiacus and Pithys albifrons) showed declines in survival associated with fragmentation followed by an increase in survival after 5 years of matrix regeneration. Conversely, Percnostola rufifrons, a gap-specialist, showed elevated survival in response to fragmentation followed by a decline after 5 years of regeneration. Lastly, facultative flocking and frugivore species(Glyphorynchus spirurus and dixiphia pipra, respectively) showed no response to adjacent clearing and subsequent ***: Our results in association with previous studies confirm that the value of regenerating forest surrounding habitat patches is dependent on two factors: ecological guild of the species in question and second growth age. Given the rapid increase in survival following succession, we suggest that the ecological value of young tropical forest should not be based solely on a contemporary snapshot, but rather, on the future value of mature second growth as well.

关键词： Amazon fragmentation Brazil Matrix Second growth Survival Tropical bird

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