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面向多场景的新型建筑3d打印发展综述及关键科学问题

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世界建筑 2024年第10期 29-36页

作者：吴昊袁烽同济大学同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

建筑3d打印是推动智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展、实现我国城镇化建设高质量发展目标的重要路径。自2015年以来,全球建筑3d打印研究热度及项目实践呈现出飞速增长趋势,亟待从建筑设计层面出发,实现以设计思维引领的全局规划。本文对国... 详细信息

建筑3d打印是推动智能建造与建筑工业化协同发展、实现我国城镇化建设高质量发展目标的重要路径。自2015年以来,全球建筑3d打印研究热度及项目实践呈现出飞速增长趋势,亟待从建筑设计层面出发,实现以设计思维引领的全局规划。本文对国内外建筑3d打印的总体发展趋势、建造策略、打印装备、控制软件、应用场景及固废打印材料等方面进行调研分析,从材料制备,到构件设计,再到系统整合3个层次提出开展新型建筑3d打印相关研究应解决的3个关键问题,并有针对性地提出应重点关注的3个方向:设计引领、装备创新、性能驱动,以指导“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目的研究。

关键词：建筑3d打印智能建造性能化建构多场景应用

(Re)assessing Climate-Smart Agriculture practices for sustainable food systems outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa:The case of Bono East Region,Ghana

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Geography and Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 112-126页

作者： philip Tetteh Quarshie Seidu Abdulai Evan d.G.Fraser deparment of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Guelph Institute of Development StudiesCollege of Social and Applied Human ScienceUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada Global Agri-Business Solutions INC.54-480 Grey Street BrantfordON N3S 7S5 Canada deparment of Food Agricultural and Resource Economics Ontario Agriculture CollegeUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1G 2W1 Canada department of Geography Environment and Geomatics&Arrell Food InstituteUniversity of Guelph50 Stone Rd EGuelphON N1H 2W1 Canada

This research paper assesses the reality of Climate-Smart Agriculture(CSA)practices’potential to promote the outcomes of sustainable food systems(SFS)within Ghana’s smallholding agriculture *** study demon-strates that rural farmers generally perceive CSA’s contribution to‘food and nutrition security’and‘economic performance’as more important than CSA’s contribution to‘social equity’and‘environmental stewardship’.From a narrow perspective,the study demonstrates that farmers perceive CSA’s potential to‘prevent pest and disease outbreaks’and‘increase human capital information’as the most important contribution of CSA to SFS *** contrast,CSA’s potential to promote environmental stewardship is perceived as the least important among Ghana’s rural *** enormity of displacement of smallholders’perceptions at large is motivated by de-mographic,socioeconomic and ecological ***,the CSA for SFS outcomes narratives is driven by farmers’self-apprise,social networks and other local information dissemination ***,research findings suggest farmers’awareness of CSA practices and interventions is deficient owing to unmet training and information needs for approximately 82%of the CSA practices and *** situation elucidates the dichotomy of CSA practices’narratives as tools for attaining food,nutrition security and economic performance to the detriment of critical issues such as increasing awareness and building farmers’capacity to engage with CSA practices while also managing socio-ecological trade-offs that emerge over time due to engagement with ***(re)orientation is needed across the scale to drive CSA practices and interventions that confine cli-mate adaptation and food production practices within safe planetary boundaries without undermining social,economic,food and nutrition security needs.

关键词： Climate adaptation Climate-Smart Agriculture Ghana Smallholder farmers Sustainable food systems Sub-Saharan Africa

Verification of the 2019 GloSea5 Seasonal Tropical Cyclone Landfall Forecast for East China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 917-925页

作者： Joanne CAMP philip E.BETT Nicola GOLdING Chris d.HEWITT Timothy d.MITCHELL Adam A.SCAIFE Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia College of Engineering Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of ExeterDevon EX44QFUK

A prototype climate service was developed and trialled in early 2019 to provide seasonal forecast of the June–July–August(JJA) tropical cyclone(TC) landfall risk for the East China region ahead of the forthcoming typhoon *** forecasts were produced in both March and April 2019 and a final forecast was released to the China Meteorological Administration(CMA) on 1 May 2019. The trial service was produced by using the Met Office Global Seasonal forecast system(GloSea5), and a forecast of the western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH) index was used to infer the TC landfall risk based on a simple linear regression between historical model WPSH indices and observed TC landfalls in East China. The forecast method shows significant skill for forecasting the JJA TC landfall risk in East China with up to three-month lead time, with the greatest skill for predictions initialized in May. The 2019 forecast provided good guidance of the near-average TC activity observed in East China in JJA 2019. Success of the forecast adds confidence to an improved climate service ahead of the 2020 typhoon season.

关键词： seasonal forecasting typhoons tropical cyclones(TCs) landfall risk East China western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH)

Effect of introducing weather parameters on the accuracy of milk production forecast models

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2020年第1期7卷 120-138页

作者： Fan Zhang John Upton Laurence Shalloo philip Shine Michael d.Murphy department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringCork Institute of TechnologyCo.CorkIreland Animal and Grassland Research Innovation Centre Teagasc MooreparkCo.CorkIreland

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of adding meteorological data to the training process of two milk production forecast *** two models chosen were the nonlinear auto-regressive model with exogenous input(NARX)and the multiple linear regression(MLR)*** accuracy of these models were assessed using seven different combinations of precipitation,sunshine hours and soil temperature as additional model training *** data(daily milk yield and days in milk)from 39 pasture-based Holstein-Friesian Irish dairy cows were selected to compare to the model outputs from a central *** models were trained using historical milk production data from three lactation cycles and were employed to predict the total daily milk yield of a fourth lactation cycle for each individual cow over short(10-day),medium(30-day)and long-term(305-day)forecast *** NARX model was found to provide a greater prediction accuracy when compared to the MLR model when predicting annual individual cow milk yield(kg),with R2 values greater than 0.7 for 95.5%and 14.7%of total predictions,*** results showed that the introduction of sunshine hours,precipitation and soil temperature data improved the prediction accuracy of individual cow milk prediction for the NARX model in the short,medium and long-term forecast *** hours was shown to have the largest impact on milk production with an improvement of forecast accuracy observed in 60%and 70%of all predictions(for all 39 test cows from both groups).However,the overall improvement in accuracy was small with a maximum forecast error reduction of 4.3%.Thus,the utilization of meteorological parameters in milk production forecasting did not have a substantial impact on forecast accuracy.

关键词： Milk production forecasting dairy modelling Model optimization Meteorological data

Uncovering the Online Social Structure Surrounding COVId-19

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Journal of Social Computing 2021年第2期2卷 157-165页

作者： philip d.Waggoner Robert Y.Shapiro Samuel Frederick Ming Gong Institute for Social and Economic Research and Policy Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA department of Political Science Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA. department of Quantitative Methods in the Social Sciences Columbia UniversityNew York CityNY 10027USA

How do people talk about COVId-19 online?To address this question,we offer an unsupervised framework that allows us to examine Twitter framings of the *** approach employs a network-based exploration of social media data to identify,categorize,and understand communication patterns about the novel coronavirus on *** simplest structure that emerges from our analysis is the distinction between the internal/personal,external/global,and generic threat framings of the *** structure replicates in different Twitter samples and is validated using the variation of information measure,reflecting the significance and stability of our *** an exploratory study is useful for understanding the contours of the natural,non-random structure in this online *** contend that this understanding of structure is necessary to address a host of causal,supervised,and related questions downstream.

关键词： COVId-19 networks community detection twitter exploratory data analysis

VARIATIONS IN CRUSTAL THICKNESS OF THE KANE TRANSFORM IN THE NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2001年第4期19卷 350-360页

作者： philip d.Rabinowitz 胡延昌 department of Geology and Geophysics Texas AM University College Station

A new approach was taken to investigate the crustal stucture of the Kane transform and its aseismic extension, using high quality bathymetry and gravity data. The gravity signatures associated with variations in crustal thickness of the transform were isolated from the observed free air anomaly, was continued downward to the mean depth of the crust/mantle interface and converted onto the relief on that surface. The crustal thickness of the transform was then calculated by subtracting seawater depth from the depth of the gravity inferred crust/mantle interface.3 d gravity investigation results indicate that the Kane transform and adjacent areas are associated with a crust thinner than normal oceanic crust. The transform trough is largely underlain by a crust less than 4.5km thick and in the nodal basins the crust may be as thin as 3 km. The crust beneath the fracture zone valley is 4-5.5 km thick. The rift valleys on the spreading segments are also characterized by thin crust (4-5 km thick). Thin oceanic crust extends to 20-30 km from the transform axis,except for some localized places such as the inside corner highs adjoining the ridge transform intersections. These gravity inferred results match fairly well with limited published seismic results. Thinning of the crust is mainly attributable to a thin layer 3, which in turn may be explained by the combined effects of reduced magma supply at the ends of the spreading segments and tectonic activities in the region.

关键词： crustal thickness Kane transform high quality bathymetry free air anomaly north Atlantic ocean

Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 897-910页

作者： Elisabeth Reim danny Eichhorn Jan d.Roy philip O.M.Steinhoff Klaus Fischer Zoological Institute and Museum Greifswald UniversityGreifswaldGermany

Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage dim inishes flight performance, despite som e reallocation of somatic resources. detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the m ost impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates.

关键词： condition dispersal syndrome flight ability food stress habitat degradation resource allocation

The Process and Benefits of developing Prototype Climate Services——Examples in China

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 893-903页

作者： Chris d.HEWITT Nicola GOLdING Peiqun ZHANG Tyrone dUNBAR philip E.BETT Joanne CAMP Timothy d.MITCHELL Edward POPE Met Office Exeter EX 13PBUK University of Southern Queensland Toowoomba QLD 4350Australia Beijing Climate Center/National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

Changes in climate pose major challenges to society, and so decision-makers need actionable climate information to inform their planning and policies to make society more resilient to climatic changes. Climate services are being developed to provide such actionable climate information. The successful development and use of climate services benefits greatly from close engagement between developers, providers, and users of the services. The Climate Science for Service Partnership China(CSSP China) is a China–UK collaboration fostering closer engagement between climate scientists, providers of climate services, and users of climate services. We describe the process within CSSP China of co-developing climate services through trials with users to revise and improve a prototype. Examples are provided covering various scientific capabilities, user needs, and parts of China. The development process is yielding many benefits, such as increasing the engagement between providers and users, making users more aware of how climate information can be of use in their decision-making, giving the climate service providers a better understanding of the users’ requirements for climate information, and shaping future scientific research and development. In addition to the benefits, we also document some challenges that have emerged, along with ways of alleviating them. We have two key recommendations from our experiences: make the time and space for effective engagement between the users and developers of any climate service;bring the needs of the users in to the design and delivery of the climate service as early as possible and throughout the development cycle.

关键词： climate services prototypes user engagement

Liver cirrhosis as a consequence of iron overload caused by hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第8期11卷 1241-1244页

作者： philip Hilgard Guido Gerken department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

Nonspherocytic hereditary anemias are occasionally accompanied by significant iron overload but the significance for the development of chronic liver disease is not clear. We described two cases of patients with chronic liver d isease and severeiron overload due to chronic hereditary hemolysis. Both patients have had signs of liver cirrhosis and severe hemolysis since childhood. A hereditary pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKd) was discovered as the underlying reason for the *** of the pyruvate kinase gene showed a mutation within exon 11. Liver histology in both patients revealed cirrhosis and a severe iron overload but primary hemochromatosis was excluded by HFE-gene *** iron reduction therapy with desferrioxamine led to significant decrease of serum ferritin and sustained clinical improvement. PKd-induced hemolysis may cause severe iron overload even in the absence of HFE-genotype abnormalities. This secondary iron overload can lead to chronic liver disease and cirrhosis. Therefore, the iron metabolism of PKd patients has to be closely monitored and iron overload should be consequently treated.

关键词： Hemochromatosis Pyruvate kinase deficiency Liver cirrhosis Iron overload desferrioxamine