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Impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana

Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 139-149页

作者： Enoch YELELIERE philip antwi-agyei Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Department of Environmental Science College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The impacts of climate change on crop yields are receiving renewed interest,with focus on cereals and staple crops at the regional and national ***,the impacts of climate change on the yields of leguminous crops in the local context has not been ***,an in-depth understanding of climate change in the local context may support the design of locally relevant adaptation responses to current and future climate *** study examined the impacts of climate variables(annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall indices(rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days),and the number of dry days)on the yields of leguminous crops(groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans)in the Guinea Savanna agroecological zone of Ghana during the period of *** data were analysed using Mann-Kendall’s trend,Sen’s slope test,correlation analysis,and Multiple Regression Analysis(MRA).The findings revealed that annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,and the length of rainy days,and the number of dry days all showed varied impacts on the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and *** trend analysis detected a marginal decrease in the amount of rainfall,rainfall onset,and the number of dry days from 1989 to 2020(P>0.050).Annual average temperature and the length of rainy days substantially varied(P<0.050)from 1989 to 2020,showing an increasing *** findings also showed a marked upward trend for the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans during *** climate variables analysed above increased the yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans by 49.0%,55.0%,and 69.0%,*** yields of groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans fluctuated with the variability of 30.0%,28.0%,and 27.0%from 2005 to 2020,*** three leguminous crops under study demonstrated unpredictable yields due to the variations of annual rainfall,annual average temperature,rainfall onset,rainfall cessation,the length of rainy days,and

关键词： Climate change Leguminous crops(groundnuts,cowpeas,and soybeans) Guinea Savanna Annual average temperature Rainfall indices Number of dry days

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Traditional agroecological knowledge and practices:The drivers and opportunities for adaptation actions in the northern region of Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2022年第4期3卷 294-308页

作者： Enoch YELELIERE Thomas YEBOAH philip antwi-agyei Prince PEPRAH Department of Environmental Science College of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana The Bureau of Integrated Rural Development(BIRD) Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Centre for Primary Health care and Equity/Social Policy Research Centre University of New South WalesNew South Wales 2052SydneyAustralia

Agroecological practices are promoted as a more proactive approach than conventional agriculture to achieving a collective global response to climate change and variability while building robust and resilient agricultural systems to meet food needs and protect the integrity of *** is relatively limited evidence on the key traditional agroecological knowledge and practices adopted by smallholder farmers,the factors that influence smallholder farmers’decision to adopt these practices,and the opportunities it presents for building resilient agricultural *** a multi-scale mixed method approach,we conducted key informant interviews(n=12),focus group discussions(n=5),and questionnaire surveys(N=220)to explore the traditional agroecological knowledge and practices,the influencing factors,and the opportunities smallholder farmers presented for achieving resilient agricultural *** findings suggest that smallholder farmers employ a suite of traditional agroecological knowledge and practices to enhance food security,combat climate change,and build resilient agricultural *** most important traditional agroecological knowledge and practices in the study area comprise cultivating leguminous crops,mixed crop-livestock systems,and crop rotation,with Relative Importance Index(RII)values of 0.710,0.708,and 0.695,*** is reported that the choice of these practices by smallholder farmers is influenced by their own farming experience,access to market,access to local resources,information,and expertise,and the perceived risk of climate ***,the results further show that improving household food security and nutrition,improving soil quality,control of pest and disease infestation,and support from NonGovernmental Organizations(NGOs)and local authorities are opportunities for smallholder farmers in adopting traditional agroecological knowledge and practices for achieving resilient agricultural *** findings call into questi

关键词： Climate change Food security Adaptation actions Traditional agroecological knowledge and practices Resilient agricultural systems

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Motivations,enablers and barriers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers:Evidence from the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of Ghana

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Regional Sustainability 2021年第4期2卷 375-386页

作者： philip antwi-agyei Emmanuel Mawuli ABALO Andrew John DOUGILL Frank BAFFOUR-ATA Department of Environmental Science Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Sustainability Research Institute School of Earth and EnvironmentUniversity of LeedsLS29JT LeedsUnited Kingdom

This paper examined the prioritized climate-smart agricultural practices by smallholder farmers,the motivations of adopting climate-smart agricultural practices,the enablers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices,and the barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of ***,we employed ethnographic research using participatory approaches,including two stakeholder workshops and household surveys with 1061 households in the transitional and savannah agroecological zones of *** weighted average index(WAI)and problem confrontation index(PCI)were used to rank smallholder farmers’perceived enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices and the barriers affecting climate-smart agricultural practices,*** suggest that the majority of the respondents used a suite of climate-smart agricultural practices,including the timely harvesting of produce and storage,emergency seed banking,appropriate and timely weed and pest control,and early planting as practices to build climate *** majority of smallholder farmers primarily employed climate-smart agricultural practices to improve household food security(96.2%),reduce pests and diseases(95.6%),and obtain higher yields and greater farm income(93.2%).Findings also show that secured land tenure system arrangement,understanding the effects of climate change,and access to sustainable agricultural technologies were ranked the first,second,and third most important enablers to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices with the WAI values of 2.86,2.75,and 2.70,*** barriers to the successful adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices included incidences of pests and diseases(PCI=2530),inadequate access to agricultural credit(PCI=2502),high cost of improved crop varieties(PCI=2334),and limited government support with farm inputs(PCI=2296).Sm

关键词： Climate-smart agriculture Smallholder farmers Food security Climate change Weighted average index Problem confrontation index Ghana

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MicroRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for bipolar disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1681-1695页

作者： Bridget Martinez philip V.Peplow Department of Pharmacology University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Medicine University of Nevada-RenoRenoNVUSA Department of Anatomy University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand

Abnormal expression of microRNAs is connected to brain development and disease and could provide novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of bipolar disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNA biomarkers in bipolar disorder and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published from January 2011 to June 2023. These studies included microRNA profiling in bloodand brain-based materials. From the studies that had validated the preliminary findings,potential candidate biomarkers for bipolar disorder in adults could be miR-140-3p,-30d-5p,-330-5p,-378a-5p,-21-3p,-330-3p,-345-5p in whole blood, miR-19b-3p,-1180-3p,-125a-5p, let-7e-5p in blood plasma, and miR-7-5p,-23b-5p,-142-3p,-221-5p,-370-3p in the blood serum. Two of the studies had investigated the changes in microRNA expression of patients with bipolar disorder receiving treatment. One showed a significant increase in plasma miR-134 compared to baseline after 4 weeks of treatment which included typical antipsychotics, atypical antipsychotics, and benzodiazepines. The other study had assessed the effects of prescribed medications which included neurotransmitter receptorsite binders(drug class B) and sedatives, hypnotics, anticonvulsants, and analgesics(drug class C) on microRNA results. The combined effects of the two drug classes increased the significance of the results for miR-219 and-29c with miR-30e-3p and-526b* acquiring significance. MicroRNAs were tested to see if they could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder at different clinical states of mania, depression, and euthymia. One study showed that upregulation in whole blood of miR-9-5p,-29a-3p,-106a-5p,-106b-5p,-107,-125a-3p,-125b-5p and of miR-107,-125a-3p occurred in manic and euthymic patients compared to controls, respectively, and that upregulation of miR-106a-5p,-107 was found for manic compared to euthymic patients. In two other studies using blood plasma,downregulation of miR-134 was observed i

关键词： biomarker bipolar disorder blood leukocytes blood plasma blood plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes blood serum brain tissue brain tissue extracellular vesicles/exosomes lymphoblastoid cell lines microRNA neural progenitor cells whole blood

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Autism spectrum disorder:difficulties in diagnosis and microRNA biomarkers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2776-2786页

We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs in autism spectrum disorder that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers in patients and selected 17 articles published from January 2008 to December 2023,of which 4 studies were performed with whole blood,4 with blood plasma,5 with blood serum,1 with serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles,1 with blood cells,and 2 with peripheral blood mononuclear *** of the studies involved children and the study cohorts were largely *** of the studies had performed microRNA sequencing or quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to measure microRNA *** five studies had used real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to validate microRNA expression in autism spectrum disorder subjects compared to *** microRNAs that were validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder and include miR-500a-5p,-197-5p,-424-5p,-664a-3p,-365a-3p,-619-5p,-664a-3p,-3135a,-328-3p,and-500a-5p in blood plasma and miR-151a-3p,-181b-5p,-320a,-328,-433,-489,-572,-663a,-101-3p,-106b-5p,-19b-3p,-195-5p,and-130a-3p in blood serum of children,and miR-15b-5p and-6126 in whole blood of *** important limitations were identified in the studies reviewed,and need to be taken into account in future *** studies are warranted with children and adults having different levels of autism spectrum disorder severity and consideration should be given to using animal models of autism spectrum disorder to investigate the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs as a novel therapy.

关键词： autism spectrum disorder biomarker blood cells blood plasma blood serum diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells serum neural cell adhesion molecule L1-captured extracellular vesicles whole blood

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MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1957-1970页

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life ***,there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress *** addition,the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate *** suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems,raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress *** performed a PubMed search for microRNAs(miRNAs)in post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD)that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December *** included four studies with whole blood,seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells,four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes,and one with serum *** of these studies had also used whole *** studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA *** of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat,and only two were from recently traumatized adult *** measuring miRNA expression levels,many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis,miRNA Seq analysis,or NanoString *** six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to *** miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood;miR-193a-5p,-7113-5p,-125a,-181c,and-671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells;miR-10b-5p,-203a-3p,-4488,-502-3p,-874-3p,-5100,and-7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/

关键词： biomarker diagnosis microRNA peripheral blood mononuclear cells plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes post-traumatic stress disorder serum exosomes whole blood whole plasma

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Trophic mode and organics metabolic characteristic of fungal community in swine manure composting

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2019年第6期13卷 137-146页

作者： Jing Peng Ke Wang Xiangbo Yin Xiaoqing Yin Mengfei Du Yingzhi Gao philip antwi Nanqi Ren Aijie Wang School of Environment Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Architectural Design and Research Institute of HIT Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and TechnologyGanzhou 341000China

The succession of fungal community,trophic mode and metabolic characteristics were evaluated in 60 days composting of swine manure by high-throughput sequencing,FUNGuild and Biolog method,*** result showed that the ftingal community diversity reached to the highest level(76 OTUs)in the thermophilic phase of composting,then sustained decline to 15 OTUs after *** were 10 fungal function groups in the raw swine ***-saprotroph fungi reached to 15.91%on Day-10but disappeared on *** saprotroph-undefined saprotroph fungi grown from 0.19%to 52.39%during the *** ftmgal community had more functional groups but the lower substrate degradation rates in the thermophilic *** fungal communities on Day-0 and Day-60 had the highest degradation rates of amino acids and polymers,*** analysis showed that ORP(49.6%),VS/Ash(45.3%)and moisture(39.2%)were the main influence factors on the succession of fungal community in the swine manure composting process.

关键词： Fungus FUNGuild Biolog Trophic mode Composting Oxidation reduction potential

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Perceived Benefits of Using Value Engineering on Road Projects in Ghana

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2020年第2期8卷 217-236页

作者： James Cofie Danku philip Agyekum antwi Department of Construction Technology and Management Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Donald-Wonders GeoSystems Ghana Limited Kumasi Ghana

The need for Optimum Value benefit realization on Road Projects in developing countries has become topical. While the traditional Cost Control project management process only aligns actual costs with budgeted costs, Value Engineering (VE) is a sustainable and systematic innovative methodology for establishing the best functional balance among desired features of a project. A Value Engineering (VE) study was conducted with the aim of examining the benefits associated with its use on Road Projects in Ghana. This study employed a two-stage research procedure: desk study and field research. The literature review identified the Optimum Value benefits associated with VE road project management technique as increased Confidence Level in Contract Compliance, reliable Implementation Level of Construction Delivery and enhanced Effectiveness Level of Project Sustainability. A quantitative survey research design based on a purposive sampling technique of selecting respondents was adopted. Employing closed-ended questions, 40 sets of questionnaires were issued to professionals in Road Infrastructure and Support Agencies (RISA) under the Ministry of Roads and Highways (MRH) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. At a response rate of 85%, descriptive statistical analysis (Means, Standard Deviations and Variances) and inferential statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) test were used to process the data and determine whether there was any significant difference between VE benefit parameters and the groups of respondents. The results revealed that road professionals are familiar with the VE process but solely use Cost Control project management technique. Road professionals recognized the high Optimum Value benefits of professionally ethical Contract Compliance, efficient Construction Delivery and functionally viable Project Sustainability on VE road project management process.

关键词： Optimum Value Cost Control Value Engineering Road Projects Ghana

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重稀土元素钇对短程反硝化工艺的影响

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中国环境科学 2021年第7期41卷 3221-3228页

作者：赖城周豪张大超董冰岩 philip antwi 苏昊石淼江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院江西赣州341000 赣州生态环境工程投资有限责任公司江西赣州341000

研究重稀土元素钇(Y(Ⅲ))对短程反硝化工艺的短期和长期影响.结果表明,1~50mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对亚硝酸盐的积累量无明显影响,60~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)会影响硝酸盐的还原和亚硝酸盐的积累.1~10mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对细菌活性呈现促进作用,20~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)... 详细信息

研究重稀土元素钇(Y(Ⅲ))对短程反硝化工艺的短期和长期影响.结果表明,1~50mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对亚硝酸盐的积累量无明显影响,60~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)会影响硝酸盐的还原和亚硝酸盐的积累.1~10mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对细菌活性呈现促进作用,20~100mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)对细菌活性呈现抑制作用.胞外吸附的Y(Ⅲ)是抑制细菌活性的主要因子,线性拟合的相关性系数R2为0.957,半抑制浓度IC50(吸附)为1.079mg/L(以湿重计),对应水中Y(Ⅲ)浓度为54.35mg/***显示,添加Y(Ⅲ)会使细菌产生更多的胞外聚合物(EPS)将细菌包裹以抵抗Y(Ⅲ)的毒性,EDS显示被包裹的细菌表面碳、氮元素含量大幅度降低,EPS影响了底物的传质.130d的长期实验表明,5mg/L的Y(Ⅲ)会使反应器的反硝化性能逐渐消失,停止添加稀土后,反应器的亚硝酸盐积累功能也不能恢复.

关键词：稀土钇短程反硝化亚硝酸盐积累细菌活性

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Preoperative Laboratory Testing by Surgeons: Implication on Anaesthetic Management

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2019年第6期10卷 345-352页

作者： Akwasi antwi-Kusi William Addison Bright Ighodaro Obasuyi philip Domoyeri Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Anaesthesiology University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt Nigeria Koforidua Regional Hospital Koforidua Ghana

Background: Request for preoperative laboratory investigations is usually done by surgeons. On some occasions, the patient may come with laboratory investigations that have been requested by the primary physician. This occurs in situations where the primary physician saw the patient first and referred to the surgeon. There is usually no indications based on history or physical examination before these laboratory request is done but rather on speculations that the “anaesthetist may require them”. This is done in order to avoid cancellation or delay of cases. The aim of this study was to find out how tests ordered in Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (K.A.T.H.) by the surgeons affected the decisions of the anaesthetists in the perioperative management of the patients. Methodology: This was a prospective, cross sectional study of patients undergoing elective surgery at K.A.T.H from 1st to 31st March 2014. A quantitative technique was used to effectively quantify laboratory results that were contained in a patient’s folder before an elective surgical procedure. A close and open-ended questionnaire was developed and answered by reviewing patient’s folders during the pre-anesthesia assessment. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SSPS) version 22. Results: The average age of patients studied was 50 years. Abnormal test results did not influence the anaesthetic management in 70.5% of cases but led to either delay or cancelation of cases or requirement for transfusion of blood or blood products in 29.5% of cases. Conclusion: Preoperative laboratory tests ordered by Surgeons in KomfoAnokye Teaching Hospital do not significantly influence the anaesthetic managements of patients.

关键词： Preoperative Laboratory Investigations Surgeons Anaesthetic Management Implication

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