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Decarbonising energy: The developing international activity in hydrogen technologies and fuel cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第12期29卷 405-415页

作者： John Meurig Thomas peter p.edwards peter J.Dobson Gari p.Owend Department of Materials Science&Metallurgy University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FSUK King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology(KACST)-Oxford Centre of Excellence in petrochemicals and Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory University of OxfordOxford OX13QRUK The Queen’s College University of OxfordOxford OX14AWUK Annwvyn Solutions(Independent Consultant) BromleyKent BR13DWUK

Hydrogen technologies and fuel cells offer an alternative and improved solution for a decarbonised energy *** cells are electrochemical converters;transforming hydrogen (or energy sources containing hydrogen) and oxygen directly into *** hydrogen fuel cell,invented in 1839,permits the generation of electrical energy with high efficiency through a non-combustion,electrochemical process and,importantly,without the emission ofits point of ***,despite numerous efforts to exploit the obvious attractions of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells,various challenges have been encountered,some of which are reviewed ***,however,given the exigent need to urgently seek low-carbon paths for humankind’s energy future,numerous countries are advancing the deployment of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells not only for transport,but also as a means of the storage of excess renewable energy from,for example,wind and solar ***,hydrogen is also being blended into the natural gas supplies used in domestic heating and targeted in the decarbonisation of critical,large-scale industrial processes such as steel *** briefly review specific examples in countries such as Japan,South Korea and the people’s Republic of China,as well as selected examples from Europe and North America in the utilization of hydrogen technologies and hydrogen fuel cells.

关键词： Decarbonisation Hydrogen Energy Hydrogen Economy Fuel cells Environment Sustainability

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Does noble metal modification improve the photocatalytic activity of BiOCl?

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progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2013年第3期23卷 286-293页

作者： Liang Kong Zheng Jiang Henry H.-C.Lai Tiancun Xiao peter p.edwards Department of Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryUniversity of OxfordUK Environment and Sustainability Institute University of ExeterCornwall CampusPenrynCornwall TR10 9EZUK

Noble metal-surface-deposited BiOCl photocatalysts were prepared through photo-deposition and used for photodecomposition of Rhodamine B(RhB).The received materials were characterised using X-ray photoemission spectroscopy(XpS),UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis DRS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD) to understand the influence of surface deposited noble *** results showed that the noble metal species on the surface of BiOCl are in metallic state,which also brought about enhanced light absorption in broad UV-vis region due to plasmonic effects induced by the surfacedeposited noble metal *** the samples showed good activity in photodecomposition of RhB under UV-light irradiation,but only Ag/BiOCl was more active than bulk *** mechanism of the different reactivity of these noble-metal modified BiOCl was tentatively proposed based on the band structure and the interactions between noble metals and the BiOCl.

关键词： photocatalysis BiOCl Noble metal Rhodamine B plasmonic effect

Variation in the plant-mediated methane transport and its importance for methane emission from intact wetland peat mesocosms

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Journal of plant Ecology 2013年第4期6卷 298-304页

作者： Gurbir S.Bhullar peter J.edwards Harry Olde Venterink Institute of Integrative Biology ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 168092 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims and Methods Vascular plants are known to influence the production,transport and oxidation of methane in wetland soils,but these processes are not well *** plants grown in intact peat cores,we compared the influence upon methane emissions of 20 forb and graminoid species from European *** measured plant-mediated transport of methane(conduit or chimney effect)using a novel agar-sealing technique that prevented methane exchange from the bare soil to the *** Findings the plant-mediated transport(chimney effect)represented between 30%and almost 100%of the total methane flux,with graminoids exhibiting greater internal transport than *** general,plants with less dense root tissues and a relatively larger root volume exhibited a larger chimney *** species(12 out of 20)signif-icantly reduced methane emissions compared to bare soil and only one species,Succisa pratensis,increased *** suggest that characterising vegetation in terms of plant functional traits and plant processes offers an effective method for estimating methane emis-sions from ***,we found no correlation between the magnitude of the chimney effect and the overall influence of different plant species on methane *** introducing a useful tool to study plant-mediated transport,this work suggests that characterising vegetation in terms of functional traits could improve estimates of methane emissions from wetlands,which in turn could help in designing mitigation strategies.

关键词： functional group graminoid forb agar-sealing conduit gas transportreceived

Energy Gap Dependence on Mn Content in a Diluted Magnetic Quantum Dot

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Chinese physics Letters 2011年第4期28卷 201-204页

作者： p.Nalini A.John peter Department of physics Yadava College Govindarajan CampusThiruppalaiMadurai-625014India Department of physics Govt.Arts and Science CollegeMelur-625106MaduraiIndia

positively charged donor exciton binding energy is computed as a function of quantum-dot size within the single band effective mass approximation for different Mn contents in Cd_(1)−x_(𝑥in)Mn_(x𝑥in)Te/Cd_(1−xout)𝑥outMn_(xout)𝑥*** exciton bound polaron is computed for 0≤x𝑥≤0.08,on the Mn mole *** determine the energy gap using the mean field approximation and incorporate the exchange interaction between the carrier and the magnetic *** interband emission energy is studied with the height and radius of the cylindrical quantum ***-band anisotropy is included in our theoretical model using different hole masses in different spatial *** polaronic shifts as functions of quantum-dot radius and Mn concentration are estimated using the mean field *** is found that(i)the energy gap depends on the Mn mole fraction,(ii)it increases linearly with an increase in Mn content,and(iii)the effect is more pronounced for a narrow dot,showing the quantum size *** results are in good agreement with other recently published reports.

关键词： theory quantum radius

Testing experimentally the effect of soil resource mobility on plant competition

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Journal of plant Ecology 2014年第3期7卷 276-286页

作者： Stefanie Wilberts Matthias Suter Nina Walser peter J.edwards Harry Olde Venterink Dieter Ramseier Department of Biology/Chemistry Division of EcologyUniversity of OsnabrückBarbarastrasse 13Osnabrück 49076Germany Forage production and Grassland Agroscope Reckenholz-TänikonReckenholzstrasse 1918046 ZurichSwitzerland Institute of Integrative Biology ETH ZurichUniversitätstrasse 16Zürich 8092Switzerland plant Biology and Nature Management Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 21050 BrusselsBelgium

Aims The volume of soil beyond a plant’s roots from which that plant is able to acquire a particular nutrient depends upon the mobility of that nutrient in the *** this reason it has been hypothesized that the strength of competitive interactions between plants vary with soil nutrient *** aimed to provide an experimental test of this *** We devised two experimental systems to investigate specifically the effect of nutrient transport rates upon intraspecific *** the first,the exchange of rhizosphere water and dissolved nutrients between two connected pots,each containing one plant,was manipulated by alternately raising and lowering the *** the second experiment,the roots systems of two competing plants were separated by partitions of differing porosity,thereby varying the plants’access to water and nutrients in the other plant's *** this second experiment,we also applied varying amounts of nutrients to test whether higher nutrient input would reduce competition when competition for light is avoided,and applied different water levels to affect nutrient concentrations without changing nutrient *** findings In both experiments,lower mobility reduced competitive effects on plant biomass and on relative growth rate(RGR),as *** the second experiment,however,competition was more intense under high nutrient input,suggesting that low nutrient supply rates reduced the strength of the superior *** effects on RGR were only evident under the low water level,suggesting that under lower nutrient concentrations,competitive effects might be less *** together,our results provide the first direct experimental evidence that a reduction in nutrient mobility can reduce the intensity of competition between plants.

关键词： belowground competition nutrient transport soil water relative growth rate

Isolated Bell's palsy-An unusual presentation of dengue infection

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2013年第1期6卷 82-84页

作者： Soumia peter Malhotra N peter p Sood R Department of Medicine Christian Medical College & Hospital Department of Radiodiagnosis Christian Medical College & Hospital

Dengue fever is a very common arthropod-borne infection in tropical *** complications in dengue fever are relatively uncommon and among these,isolated cranial neuropathies have been reported only very *** present an unusual neurological complication of Bell’s palsy(lower motor neuron 7 th nerve palsy) associated with dengue *** the best of our knowledge,there have been very few documented cases of Flavivirus causing isolated Bell’s palsy.

关键词： Dengue infection Bell’s palsy

Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)for assessment of qualitative classification of Norway spruce in temperate forest stands

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第1期21卷 12-20页

作者： Olga Brovkina Emil Cienciala peter Surový přemysl Janata Global Change Research Institute(CzechGlobe) CASBrnoCzech Republic Department of Ecosystem Analyses Institute of Forest Ecosystem Research(IFER)Jilove u PrahyCzech Republic Department of Forest Management Czech University of Life SciencesPragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Management and Applied Geoinformatics Mendel University in BrnoBrnoCzech Republic

The study investigates the potential of UAV-based remote sensing technique for monitoring of Norway spruce health condition in the affected forest *** objectives are:(1)to test the applicability of UAV visible an near-infrared(VNIR)and geometrical data based on Z values of point dense cloud(pDC)raster to separate forest species and dead trees in the study area;(2)to explore the relationship between UAV VNIR data and individual spruce health indicators from field sampling;and(3)to explore the possibility of the qualitative classification of spruce health *** based on NDVI and pDC raster was successfully applied for separation of spruce and silver fir,and for identification of dead tree *** between common beech and fir was distinguished by the object-oriented image *** was able to identify the presence of key indicators of spruce health,such as mechanical damage on stems and stem resin exudation linked to honey fungus infestation,while stem damage by peeling was identified at the significance *** results contributed to improving separation of coniferous(spruce and fir)tree species based on VNIR and pDC raster UAV data,and newly demonstrated the potential of NDVI for qualitative classification of spruce *** proposed methodology can be applicable for monitoring of spruce health condition in the local forest sites.

关键词： Remote sensing species classification spruce health indicator Unmanned Aerial System(UAS)

Simulation of Three-Dimensional Strained Heteroepitaxial Growth Using Kinetic Monte Carlo

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Communications in Computational physics 2011年第10期10卷 1089-1112页

作者： Tim p.Schulze peter Smereka Department of Mathematics University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996USA Department ofMathematics University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Efficient algorithms for the simulation of strained heteroepitaxial growth with intermixing in 2+1 dimensions are *** first of these algorithms is an extension of the energy localization method[*** and ***,An energy localization principle and its application to fast kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of heteroepitaxial growth,***.,3(2009),521-538]from1+1 to 2+1 *** approximations of this basic algorithm are then introduced,one of which treats adatoms in a more efficient manner,while the other makes use of an approximation of the change in elastic energy in terms of local elastic energy *** both cases,it is demonstrated that a reasonable level of fidelity is *** are presented showing how the film morphology is affected by misfit and deposition *** addition,simulations of stacked quantum dots are also presented.

关键词： Heteroepitaxy strained thin film kinetic Monte Carlo

Nano-Structured proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell

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复旦学报（自然科学版） 2005年第5期44卷 694-696页

作者： Chu peter p Deparment of Chemistry National Centre University Chung-Li Taiwan 32054China

Nano-structured materials are characterized by long range ordering of the nano-dimensioned quantum dot units. They have been found to deliver substantially different (electric, optical, magnetic and physical) properties from that of the bulk. The differences are mainly due to the increases of surface charge with large fraction of grain boundaries, and the periodical potential field created by the ordered nano-domains. Specifically,the issues considered in "nano ionics" are the degree of interaction, the charge distribution on the interfaces where they become obvious in ionic properties and thermodynamics such as mobility of charge carriers. Major efforts in this direction are focused on.

关键词：燃料电池质子交换隔膜纳米结构聚合体锂电池

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