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The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： Michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV peter j.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural University Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason University FairfaxVirginia 22030USA University of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American University of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and *** region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to *** is a significant part of the region’s *** its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate *** growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the *** climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation *** glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource *** already has extremely high *** indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be *** warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global *** of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and *** Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these *** steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate *** was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,*** for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

Interaction of Chloroprene and Nitrile-Butadiene Rubber with Lubricating Greases and Base Oils

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润滑油 2006年第3期21卷 54-60页

作者： Gunnar stang Linda Salomonsson Boris Zhmud Nynas Naphthenics AB NynashamnSweden

The present communication addresses compatibility of two synthetic rubber types,chloroprene and nitrile-butadiene ones,with a number of base oils of petroleum origin and lubricating greases produced *** base oils,including three naphthenic products with varying degrees of refining and one paraffinic product,were compared with each other in terms of their effect on the *** changes occurring in the rubbers on contact with the oils and greases were studied using accelerated ageing *** in rubber parameters,such as hardness,weight and glass transition temperature,caused by interaction with oil were *** main physicochemical mechanisms standing behind the changes observed in the rubber properties were found to be(i) migration of plasticizer from rubber into the oil phase,(ii) absorption of oil by rubber,and(iii) oxidation of *** increase in glass transition temperature(Tg) of rubber aged in a base oil or grease was considered as an indirect indication that the plasticizer had migrated out of rubber;the plasticizer accumulation in the oil phase being directly confirmed by gas *** order to suppress the plasticizer migration,oil additivation with dioctyl adipate(DOA),a common plasticizer used in rubber formulations,was ***,the DOA-additivated oils,while reducing plasticizer migration,were found to cause more swelling than the original oils in the case of chloroprene *** an alternative,replacement of DOA by an alkylated aryl phosphate in nitrile-butadiene rubber formulations was considered,but it did not solve the problem *** results of this study suggest conclusively that the type of rubber,the plasticizer,and the base oil are all the crucial parameters that should be considered when matching rubber with oil in real-life *** of rubber with base oils and with greases produced thereof is largely controlled by(i) solvency of the base oils and(ii) polarity and cro

关键词：环烷基油橡胶相容性溶解能力油脂基油

Solid particle erosion studies of thermally deposited alumina-titania coatings on an aluminum alloy

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International journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2021年第7期28卷 1186-1193页

作者： Chellaganesh Duraipandi Adam Khan M Winowlin jappes j.T. Nouby MGhazaly peter Madindwa Mashinini School of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering and Centre for Surface Engineering Kalasalingam Academy of Research and EducationKrishnankoil 626126VirudhunagarTamilnaduIndia Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Technology University of JohannesburgDoornfontein CampusJohannesburg 2028South Africa

Thermal barrier coatings are widely used as surface modifications to enhance the surface properties of the material and protect from surface degradations such as erosion and ***-based coatings are highly recommended to increase wear resistance in the indus-trial *** this paper,an alumina-titania ceramic powder was deposited on an aluminum alloy using an atmospheric plasma spray *** investigations were performed to study the behavior and erosion rate of the *** particle erosion studies were performed by varying the particle velocity and particle flow *** angle impingement and stand-off distance were constant for *** base metal has a clinging effect and the mass change was negative at a maximum particle flow rate of 4 g·min^(−1).Under the same process conditions,the coated sample had a reduced lifetime and reached a maximum erosion rate of 0.052(Δg/g).The solid particle erosion studies confirmed that the base metal aluminum alloy had severe surface damage with erodent reinforcement when compared to the coated *** influence of the particle velocity,particle flow rate,and input process parameters were also identified.

关键词： erosion alumina wear velocity microstructure

Burn Injuries in Elderly—A Retrospective Analysis of a Ten Year Period

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Modern Plastic Surgery 2012年第2期2卷 13-19页

作者： Frank Siemers Eirini Liodaki Karl L. Mauss Felix H. stang Tobias von Wild peter Mailaender Plastic Surgery University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein Lubeck Germany

Objective: Geriatric patients represent a separate group in the treatment of burn injury regarding pathogenesis, pathophysiology and therapeutic procedure. Methods: From 2000 to 2010 on our burn unit 53 patients aged over 60 years were treated. The mean age of the 27 women and 26 men was 76 years (60 - 102 years), with an average of 33.2% of total burn surface area. 25 patients (47.2%) had severe inhalation injury, 77.4% of the patients suffered full thickness burn injuries. Mean ABSI Score was 12. Relevant additional diseases were coronary heart disease, heart insufficiency, hypertension, COPD, adiposity and chronic alcoholism. Results: 22 patients were treated by early operative intervention (day 0 - 4), 13 of these patients survived further process. In 17 cases first operative procedure could take place only at a later date, 14 patients deceased before operation. 26 patients developed pneumonia. The total morbidity amounted to 26 of 53 patients (49%). A total of 19 injured with a burn index over 80 survived. 9 of them had an index of more than 100. Usual indices as the “Zellweger Index” and the ABSI-Score are not adequate to determine the prognosis of thermal injuries in the elderly. Conclusion: The treatment of elderly with burn trauma is affected by many factors. Compared to younger patients the increased incidence of an inhalation injury is decisive for the prognosis of older patients. The frequency of pre-existing diseases is clearly largely than with younger burn injured patients. These prognostically relevant parameters were not sufficiently considered by established score systems.

关键词： Burn Injury Intensive Care Elderly

Effect of protective cultures on spoilage bacteria and the quality of vacuum-packaged lamb meat

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1615-1624页

作者： Michelle M.Xu Mandeep Kaur Christopher j.Pillidge peter j.Torley Biosciences and Food Technology School of ScienceRMIT UniversityPO Box 71BundooraVictoria3083Australia

Protective cultures,as natural antimicrobials,have the ability to suppress the growth of spoilage bacteria and can potentially be used to extend the shelf-life of fresh meat and help reduce food *** there have been limited reports on the application of this approach in fresh red meat,the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential and practicality of this approach for red meat shelf-life extension based on the antimicrobial efficacy and quality impact of selected protective *** protective cultures(one containing Lactobacillus sakei and the other containing Staphylococcus carnosus and ***)were applied to chill-stored(4°C)vacuum-packaged lamb meat to determine their effects on spoilage bacteria as well as non-microbiological meat quality over a 20-day storage *** protective cultures dominated the microbiota throughout storage and effectively suppressed the growth of common meat spoilage bacteria,Brochothrix thermosphacta,Pseudomonas spp.,and *** color(measured in CIE L*a*b*color space)changed slightly in culture-treated samples in the later stage of storage,but the changes were not unacceptable based on previously reported thresholds for consumer *** mixed culture containing additional *** exhibited a slightly stronger inhibitory effect against the spoilage bacteria but also caused more changes in meat *** culture addition did not significantly affect meat pH,texture,or ***,these results demonstrated the potential of biopreservation using protective cultures for fresh red meat shelf-life extension.

关键词： Biopreservation Natural antimicrobial Lactobacillus sakei Staphylococcus carnosus Fresh meat Shelf-life

Reduction of dietary crude protein and feed form:Impact on broiler litter quality,ammonia concentrations,excreta composition,performance,welfare,and meat quality

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 291-303页

作者： Madri Brink Geert P.j.janssens peter Demeyer Ozer Bagci Evelyne Delezie Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Animal Sciences UnitScheldeweg 689090 MelleBelgium Department of Nutrition Genetics and EthologyGhent UniversityHeidestraat 199820 MerelbekeBelgium Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture Fisheries and Food(ILVO)Agricultural Engineering UnitBurg.Van Gansberghelaan 1159820 MerelbekeBelgium Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology5600 MB-EindhovenNetherlands.

Nitrogen(N)excreted by poultry is converted to ammonia(NH3),presenting an environmental risk and a health risk to the farmer and animals.A study was performed to investigate the effect of reduced CP and feed form on broiler performance and welfare,meat and litter quality,N utilization,and NH3 concentrations at litter level.A total of 2,232 Ross 308 male broilers was divided into 6 treatments and 6 replicates,which was fed diets in both pellet and mash forms with different CP levels of 205.0 g/kg(H,high),187.5 g/kg(M,intermediate)and 175.0 g/kg(L,low)in the grower phase and 195.0 g/kg(H),180.0 g/kg(M)and 165.6 g/kg(L)in the finisher *** amino acids(AA)were supplemented to maintain digestible AA-to-digestible lysine *** dietary CP content to 187.5 g/kg in the grower phase and 180.0 g/kg in the finisher phase reduced NH3 concentrations at litter level(P<0.001),but a further reduction in dietary CP had no additional *** treatments had better litter qualities and lower incidences of foot and hock lesions than pellet treatments at d 38(P<0.001).In addition,treatments with reduced CP had lower incidence of foot lesions at d 38(P<0.001).Broilers fed pelleted diets had higher ADFI,ADG,and final BW,improved feed conversion ratio(FCR),and heavier carcasses(P<0.001)than those fed mash diets over a production period of 39 *** could not be maintained when birds were fed L CP pelleted *** study demonstrated that,with the supplementation of AA to meet requirements,the concentration of dietary CP can be reduced to 187.5 and 180.0 g/kg in the grower and finisher phases respectively,without impairing broiler performance,meat yield and *** diets were favorable when considering the overall litter quality and welfare of the ***,they could not maintain the same broiler performance and slaughter yield as pelleted *** from the present study may assist the poultry sector towards a socially acceptable lowemission

关键词： Broiler Ammonia Crude protein Feed form Performance

Optimization of residence time distribution in RCDG and an assessment of its applicability in continuous manufacturing

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Particuology 2021年第3期19卷 43-49页

作者： Annika Wilms peter Kleinebudde Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf Institute of Pharmaceutics and BiopharmaceuticsUniversitätsstraße 140225 DüsseldorfGermany INVITE GmbH Drug Delivery Innovation Center(DDIC)Chempark Building W3251368 LeverkusenGermany

Knowledge of residence time is a critical aspect in developing control and material diversion strategies for continuous manufacturing processes in pharmaceutical *** granulation is a promising continuous granulation technique as it is fast and *** this study,a step-change method to determine residence time in roll compaction/dry granulation is *** factors roll speed and rotational speed of the impeller in the powder inlet unit of the compactor were evaluated using a central composite circumscribed statistical design of experiments in order to optimize the residence *** fill volume in the compactor was varied *** was found that high roll speed,low rotational speed of the impeller and low fill volume in the compactor are beneficial to generate fast transition through the *** impact of roll speed increase was *** can be concluded that despite fast residence time in the process,high roll speed and its subsequent high material throughput can generate a large amount of material that has to be discarded if material diversion is required.

关键词： Roll compaction/dry granulation Residence time distribution Continuous manufacturing Digital image analysis Response surface optimization

Conserving our global botanical heritage:The PSESP plant conservation program

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Plant Diversity 2020年第4期42卷 319-322页

作者： peter Crane Oak Spring Garden Foundation 1776 Loughborough LaneUppervilleVA20184USA School of Forestry and Environmental Studies Yale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA

It is a fundamental truth of ecology that most species are *** this rarity extends beyondmeasures of abundance to geographic *** a global context,very few species are truly abundant,and most are more or less restricted *** the world of plants,where there are several hundred thousand species,the number of species with especially small population sizes and small fragmentary ranges is extremely *** recent assessment,the most exhaustive undertaken so far,based on 200 million observations taken from herbarium records,ecological surveys and other sources,suggests that of the more than 400,000 species of land plants,ca.36%are“exceedingly rare”(Enquist et al.,2019).

关键词： Plants Conservation Paleobotany PSESP program

Co-occurrence of carbohydrate malabsorption and primary epiploic appendagitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第35期21卷 10242-10245页

作者： Wolfgang j Schnedl peter Kalmar Harald Mangge Robert Krause Sandra j Wallner-Liebmann Practice for General Internal Medicine Department of Radiology Medical University of Graz Clinical Institute for Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnosis MUG Coordinator BioTechMed GrazMedical University of Graz Department of Internal Medicine Medical University of Graz Institute of Pathophysiology Centre for Molecular MedicineMedical University of Graz

Unspecific abdominal complaints including bloating and irregular bowel movements may be caused by carbohydrate malabsorption syndromes, e.g., lactose and fructose malabsorption. These symptoms were investigated with hydrogen(H2) breath tests and correlated to carbohydrate malabsorption. During performing these H2-breath tests the patient presented with an acute, localized, non-migratory pain in the left lower abdominal quadrant. Primary epiploic appendagitis is a rare cause of abdominal acute or subacute complaints and diagnosis of primary epiploic appendagitis(PEA) is made when computed tomography reveals a characteristic lesion. We report on a patient with cooccurrence of lactose and fructose malabsorption, which was treated successfully with a diet free of culprit carbohydrates, with PEA recovering without medication or surgical treatment within few days. Since the abdominal unspecific symptoms had been present for months, they appeared not to be correlated to the acute localized abdominal pain, therefore we speculate on a random co-occurrence of combined carbohydrate malabsorption and PEA.

关键词： Carbohydrate malabsorption Fructose malabsorption