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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第1期5卷 80-89页

作者： Samson Ghilu Christopher L.Morton Angelina V.Vaseva Siyuan Zheng Raushan T.Kurmasheva peter j.houghton Department of Molecular Medicine Greehey Children’s Cancer Research InstituteUT HealthSan AntonioTX 78229USA Department of Surgery St.Jude Children’s Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Greehey Children’s Cancer Research InstituteUT HealthSan AntonioTX 78229USA

Aim:Despite aggressive multiagent protocols,patients with metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma(RMS)have poor *** a recent high-risk trial(ARST0431),25% of patients failed within the first year,while on therapy and 80% had tumor progression within 24 ***,the mechanisms for tumor resistance are essentially *** we explore the use of preclinical models to develop resistance to complex chemotherapy regimens used in ***:A Single Mouse Testing(SMT)protocol was used to evaluate the sensitivity of 34 RMS xenograft models to one cycle of vincristine,actinomycin D,cyclophosphamide(VAC)*** response was determined by caliper measurement,and tumor regression and event-free survival(EFS)were used as endpoints for *** tumors at regrowth were transplanted into recipient mice,and the treatment was repeated until tumors progressed during the treatment period(i.e.,became resistant).At transplant,tumor tissue was stored for biochemical and omics ***:The sensitivity to VAC of 34 RMS models was *** varied from 3 weeks to>20 *** models were classified as having intrinsic resistance,intermediate sensitivity,or high sensitivity to VAC *** to VAC was developed in multiple models after 2-5 cycles of therapy;however,there were examples where sensitivity remained unchanged after 3 cycles of ***:The SMT approach allows for in vivo assessment of drug sensitivity and development of drug resistance in a large number of RMS *** such,it provides a platform for assessing in vivo drug resistance mechanisms at a“population”level,simulating conditions in vivo that lead to clinical *** VAC-resistant models represent“high-risk”tumors that mimic a preclinical phase 2 population and will be valuable for identifying novel agents active against VAC-resistant disease.

关键词： Rhabdomyosarcoma patient-derived xenografts combination therapy intrinsic drug resistance acquired drug resistance

Stable diffusion gradients in microfluidic conduits bounded by fluid walls

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第3期10卷 357-367页

作者： Federico Nebuloni Cyril Deroy peter R.Cook Edmond j.Walsh Department of Engineering Science Osney Thermo-Fluids InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxford OX20ESUK Sir William Dunn School of Pathology University of OxfordOxford OX13REUK

Assays mimicking in vitro the concentration gradients triggering biological responses like those involved in fighting infections and blood clotting are essential for biomedical *** assays prove especially attractive as they allow precise control of gradient shape allied to a reduction in *** microfluidic devices are fabricated using solid plastics that prevent direct access to responding ***-walled microfluidics allows the manufacture of circuits on standard Petri dishes in seconds,coupled to simple operating methods;cell-culture medium sitting in a standard dish is confined to circuits by fluid walls made of an immiscible *** develop and experimentally validate an analytical model of diffusion between two or more aqueous streams flowing at different rates into a fluid-walled conduit with the cross-section of a circular *** solid walls,fluid walls morph during flows as pressures fall,with wall shape changing down the *** model is validated experimentally for Fourier numbers<0.1 using fluorescein diffusing between laminar *** enables a priori prediction of concentration gradients throughout a conduit,so allowing rapid circuit design as well as providing bioscientists with an accurate way of predicting local concentrations of bioactive molecules around responsive and nonresponsive cells.

关键词： walls diffusion attractive

The Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)Project in Central Asia:The Case for a Regional Hydroclimate Project

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第5期41卷 777-783页

作者： Michael BRODY Maksim KULIKOV Sagynbek ORUNBAEV peter j.VAN OEVELEN International Agricultural University Tashkent 111200Uzbekistan George Mason University FairfaxVirginia 22030USA University of Central Asia Bishkek 720001Kyrgyz Republic American University of Central Asia Bishkek 720060Kyrgyz Republic International GEWEX project George Mason UniversityFairfaxVirginia 22030USA

Central Asia consists of the former Soviet Republics,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyz Republic,Tajikistan,Turkmenistan,and *** region’s climate is continental,mostly semi-arid to *** is a significant part of the region’s *** its nature of intensive water use,agriculture is extremely vulnerable to climate *** growth and irrigation development have significantly increased the demand for water in the *** climate change issues include melting glaciers and a shrinking snowpack,which are the foundation of the region’s water resources,and a changing precipitation *** glaciers are located in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan,leading to transboundary water resource *** already has extremely high *** indicate that Central Asia has been warming and precipitation might be *** warming is expected to increase,but its spatial and temporal distribution depends upon specific global *** of future precipitation show significant uncertainties in type,amount,and *** Hydroclimate Projects(RHPs)are an approach to studying these *** steps to develop an RHP began in 2021 with a widely distributed online survey about these climate *** was followed up with an online workshop and then,in 2023,an in-person workshop,held in Tashkent,*** for the Global Energy and Water Exchanges(GEWEX)project for the region include both observations and modeling,as well as development of better and additional precipitation observations,all of which are topics for the next workshop.A well-designed RHP should lead to reductions in critical climate uncertainties in policy-relevant timeframes that can influence decisions on necessary investments in climate adaptation.

关键词： GEWEX Central Asia climate change agriculture

Enhancing prognostic accuracy in predicting rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第37期30卷 4087-4089页

作者： Renin peter AA Raj Abdulqadir j Nashwan Department of Medicine Aston Medical SchoolBirmingham B47ETUnited Kingdom Department of Nursing&Midwifery Research Hamad Medical CorporationDoha 3050Qatar

The recently published retrospective study introduces the GATIS score,a new predictive model for rectal neuroendocrine *** analyzing data from a large Chinese multicenter cohort,the study shows that the GATIS score,incor-porating tumor grade,T stage,tumor size,age,and prognostic nutritional index,demonstrates superior predictive power for overall survival and progression-free survival compared to traditional World Health Organization grade and tumor,nodes and metastases staging *** editorial aims to discuss the impor-tance of the GATIS score,its potential impact on clinical practice,and the strengths and limitations of the ***,it explores the significance,methodology,and clinical implications of these findings.

关键词： Rectal neuroendocrine neoplasm Nomogram Random forest Prognosis Overall survival Progression-free survival

Adaptation in brain structure and respiratory and olfactory structures across environmental gradients in African and North American muroid rodents

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 165-181页

作者： peter j.TAYLOR Aluwani NENGOVHELA Christiane DENYS Graham R.SCOTT Catherine M.IVY Department of Zoology School of Natural and Mathematical SciencesUniversity of VendaThohoyandouSouth Africa Afromontane Unit Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of the Free StatePhuthaditjhabaSouth Africa Department of Mammalogy National MuseumBloemfonteinSouth Africa Institut de Systématique EvolutionBiodiversité(ISYEB)Muséum National d’Histoire NaturelleCNRSSorbonne UniversitéEPHEUniversitéDes AntillesParisFrance Department of Biology McMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada Guglielmo and Shoemaker Labs Advanced Facility for Avian ResearchUniversity of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

Morphometric studies of 3D micro CT-scanned images can provide insights into the evolution of the brain and sensory structures but such data are still scarce for the most diverse mammalian order of *** reviewed and new data,we tested for convergence to extreme aridity and high elevation in the sensory and brain morphology of rodents,from morphometric data from micro-CT X-ray scans of 174 crania of 16 species of three distantly re-lated African murid(soft-furred mice,Praomyini,laminate-toothed rats,Otomyini,and gerbils,Gerbillinae)clades and one North American cricetid(deer mice and white-footed mice,Peromyscus)*** studies demon-strated convergent evolution acting on the oval window area of the cochlea(enlarged in extremely arid-adapted species of Otomyini and Gerbillinae)and on endocranial volume(reduced in high elevation taxa of Otomyini and Peromyscus).However,contrary to our predictions,we did notfind evidence of convergence in brain struc-ture to aridity,or in the olfactory/respiratory system(turbinate bones)to high *** structure differed,particularly in the petrosal lobules of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulbs,between Otomyini and Gerbillinae,with extreme arid-adapted species in each clade being highly divergent(not convergent)from other species in the same *** observed greater“packing”of the maxillary turbinate bones,which have important respiratory functions,in Peromyscus mice from high and low elevations compared to the high-elevation African Praomyini,but more complex patterns within Peromyscus,probably related to trade-offs in respiratory physiology and heat exchange in the nasal epithelium associated with high-elevation adaptation.

关键词： 3D morphometrics Africa brain size North America Rodentia sensory evolution

Full-spectrum Bi@SrTiO_(3) for bi-directional promotion effects on photocatalytic redox reaction:Insight into intermediates and mechanism

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journal of Rare Earths 2024年第5期42卷 917-929,I0004页

作者： Bin Liu Nanhao Zhou jun Liu Xinglei Wang peter K.j.Robertson Xiaoyuan Chen Chao Chen jianmin Luo Chuanyi Wang School of Chemistry and Civil Engineering Shaoguan UniversityShaoguan512005China Chengdu Customs Technology Center Chengdu610041China Key Laboratory of Pollutant Chemistry and Environmental Treatment College of Chemistry and Environmental ScienceYili Normal UniversityYining835000China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University BelfastStranmillis RoadBelfastBT95AGUnited Kingdom Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence(GIII) Guangzhou511400China

The development of full-spectrum photocatalysts active in the near-infrared(NIR)region has gained increasing attention for deleterious pollutant *** integration of plasmonic metals with semico nductors is an effective way to widen the light re sponse range of photocatalysts due to the strong light absorption and fast plasmonic energy transfer of the localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR).In this work,the full-spectrum responsive Bi@SrTiO_(3) was prepared via facile solvothermal chemical *** optimal Bi@SrTiO_(3) achieves exceptional photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction efficiency and tetracycline degradation,realizing bi-directional promotion effects on redox *** to density functional theory(DFT)simulations,the extraordinary photocatalytic performance is attributed to the tunable builtin electric field(IEF)of the Ohmic *** favorable adaptability in real water and high stability of BSTO-25 were proved by experime ntal *** the po ssible photocatalytic mechanism was proposed based on theoretical calculation and experimental ***,the non-toxicity of the BSTO-25 was evaluated by *** cultivation,which further proves the feasibility of treating wastewater with *** work provides a new perspective on constructing full-spectrum-driven photocatalysts for applications dealing with environmental remediation.

关键词： Full-spectrum photocatalysts Localized surface plasmon resonance Ohmic contact Cr(Ⅵ)reduction Antibiotic degradation Rare earths

Effect of age on the standardized ileal amino acid digestibility of soybean meal and canola meal in broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 11-22页

作者： Mukti Barua M.Reza Abdollahi Faegheh Zaefarian Timothy j.Wester Channarayapatna K.Girish peter V.Chrystal Velmurugu Ravindran Monogastric Research Center School of Agriculture and EnvironmentMassey UniversityPalmerston North 4442New Zealand Department of Animal Science and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary MedicineChattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityKhulshiChattogram 4225Bangladesh Nutrition and Care Animal NutritionEvonik(SEA)Pte.Ltd609927 Singapore Complete Feed Solutions Howick 2145AucklandNew Zealand

Standardized ileal digestibility coefficients(SIDC)of nitrogen(N)and amino acids(AA)in two protein sources(soybean meal[SBM]and canola meal[CM])were investigated at six broiler ages(d 7,14,21,28,35,and 42).Two assay diets were formulated to contain either SBM(413 g/kg)or CM(553 g/kg)as the sole dietary AA *** dioxide(5 g/kg)was added as an indigestible marker.A total of 696 male broilers at 1 d old were allotted to 12 replicate cages per age *** assay diet was offered to birds for 4 d prior to the ileal digesta collection on d 7(14 birds/cage),14(12 birds/cage),21(10 birds/cage),28(8 birds/cage),35(8 birds/cage)and 42(6 birds/cage),*** apparent digestibility coefficients were standardized using age-specific basal endogenous AA *** the SBM group,though the SIDC of N tended to be influenced(quadratic;P=0.075)by age,no linear or quadratic response of age effect was observed on the average SIDC of indispensable(IAA)and total AA(TAA).An age effect(quadratic;P<0.05)was observed on the average SIDC of dispensable AA(DAA)in SBM with the highest value recorded at d 7,followed by a decrease from d 14 to 28,which increased beyond d *** SIDC of some individual AA(Arg,Thr,Trp,Cys,Pro)were affected(P<0.05 or P<0.001)in a quadratic manner by *** the CM,the SIDC of N,average SIDC of IAA,DAA and TAA were influenced(quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by *** SIDC of N and average SIDC of DAA and TAA were higher from d 7 to 14,declined at d 21,and then increased beyond d *** average SIDC of IAA was low between d 7 and 28 and increased *** SIDC of individual AA were affected(linear or quadratic;P<0.05 or P<0.001)by different magnitudes by *** age influence on the SIDC AA was variable,depending on the protein source and *** results demonstrate that age-specific SIDC AA data might need consideration in broiler feed formulations.

关键词： Age Amino acid Broiler Digestibility Protein source

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas Eduardo E.Rodriguez Laura M.jensen Raluca G.Mateescu peter j.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PEBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PEBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PEBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

Temporal trends and practice variation of paediatric diagnostic tests in primary care:retrospective analysis of 14 million tests

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2024年第4期12卷 1-8页

作者： Elizabeth T Thomas Diana R Withrow Cynthia Wright Drakesmith peter j Gill Rafael Perera-Salazar Carl Heneghan Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health SciencesUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxfordUK Department of Pediatrics University of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada Hospital for Sick Children TorontoOntarioCanada

Objective The primary objective was to investigate temporal trends and between-practice variability of paediatric test use in primary *** and analysis This was a descriptive study of population-based data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum primary care consultation records from 1 january 2007 to 31 December *** aged 0–15 who were registered to one of the eligible 1464 general practices and had a diagnostic test code in their clinical record were *** primary outcome measures were(1)temporal changes in test rates measured by the average annual percent change,stratified by test type,gender,age group and deprivation level and(2)practice variability in test use,measured by the coefficient of *** 14299598 diagnostic tests were requested over 27.8 million child-years of observation for 2542101 *** test use increased by 3.6%/year(95%CI 3.4 to 3.8%)from 399/1000 child-years to 608/1000 child-years,driven by increases in blood tests(8.0%/year,95%CI 7.7 to 8.4),females aged 11–15(4.0%/year,95%CI 3.7 to 4.3),and children from the most socioeconomically deprived group(4.4%/year,95%CI 4.1 to 4.8).Tests subject to the greatest temporal increases were faecal calprotectin,fractional exhaled nitric oxide and vitamin *** classified as high-use and high-practice variability were iron studies,coeliac testing,vitamin B12,folate,and vitamin *** In this first nationwide study of paediatric test use in primary care,we observed significant temporal increases and practice variability in *** reflects inconsistency in practice and diagnosis rates and a scarcity of evidence-based *** test use generates more clinical activity with significant resource implications but conversely may improve clinical *** research should evaluate whether increased test use and variability are warranted by exploring test indications and test results and directly examine how increased test use impacts

关键词： vitamin nationwide stratified