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Targets for high repetition rate laser facilities:needs,challenges and perspectives

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2017年第3期5卷 10-40页

作者： I.Prencipe J.Fuchs S.Pascarelli D.W.Schumacher R.B.Stephens n.B.Alexander R.Briggs M.Büscher M.O.Cernaianu A.Choukourov M.De Marco A.Erbe J.Fassbender G.Fiquet P.Fitzsimmons C.Gheorghiu J.Hund L.G.Huang M.Harmand n.J.Hartley A.Irman T.Kluge Z.Konopkova S.Kraft D.Kraus V.Leca D.Margarone J.Metzkes K.nagai W.nazarov P.Lutoslawski D.Papp M.Passoni A.Pelka J.P.Perin J.Schulz M.Smid C.Spindloe S.Steinke R.Torchio C.Vass T.Wiste R.Zaffino K.Zeil T.Tschentscher U.Schramm T.E.Cowan Lawrence Berkeley national Laboratory USA 25Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona National Center of Microelectronic Spanish Research Council Spain 26University of St. Andrews UK

A number of laser facilities coming online all over the world promise the capability of high-power laser experiments with shot repetition rates between 1 and 10 Hz. Target availability and technical issues related to the interaction environment could become a bottleneck for the exploitation of such facilities. In this paper, we report on target needs for three different classes of experiments: dynamic compression physics, electron transport and isochoric heating, and laser-driven particle and radiation sources. We also review some of the most challenging issues in target fabrication and high repetition rate operation. Finally, we discuss current target supply strategies and future perspectives to establish a sustainable target provision infrastructure for advanced laser facilities.

关键词： high-energy density physics target design and fabrication

Labat法坐骨神经阻滞下局部麻醉药低容量高浓度较高容量低浓度更有效：一项前瞻性随机对照研究

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麻醉与镇痛 2010年第2期6卷 83-86页

作者： Manuel Taboada Muniz, MD, PhD Jaime Rodriguez, MD, PhD Maria Bermudez, MD Cristina Valino, MD noemi Blanco, MD Marcos Amor, MD Pilar, Aguirre, MD Ana Masid, MD Joaquin Cortes, MD, Ph Julian Alvarez, MD, PhD peter G. Atanassoff, MD 杨光(译) 崔苏扬(校) Department of Anesthesiology University of Santiago de Compostela Hospital Clfnico Universitario de Santiago Spain Department of Anesthesiology Hospital Meixoeiro CHUVI Vigo Spain Department of Anesthesiology Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut 不详

背景有很多因素可以明显影响外周神经阻滞的起效时间和成功率，本项前瞻、随机、双盲研究比较了Labat后路法行坐骨神经阻滞时，单剂量的甲哌卡因300mg分别稀释至20和30ml注射后的阻滞效果差异。方法90例行足部手术的患者，随机分为2组... 详细信息

背景有很多因素可以明显影响外周神经阻滞的起效时间和成功率，本项前瞻、随机、双盲研究比较了Labat后路法行坐骨神经阻滞时，单剂量的甲哌卡因300mg分别稀释至20和30ml注射后的阻滞效果差异。方法90例行足部手术的患者，随机分为2组接受坐骨神经阻滞，一组给予1．5％甲哌卡因20m1（45例），另一组给予1％甲哌卡因30m1（45例），所有阻滞均在神经刺激仪定位下进行（参数为刺激频率2Hz；刺激电流为1．5～0．5mA）。两组中，神经刺激反应在〈0．5mA时引出，亦可以定向诱发足部肌肉向跖侧屈曲，分别记录胫神经和腓总神经的运动感觉功能被阻滞的起效时间。而坐骨神经支配区域的针刺感觉消失，同时足部跖曲及背曲运动消失为阻滞成功的标准。结果用20ml的1．5％甲哌卡因组阻滞成功率（96．6％）显著高于30ml的1％甲哌卡因组（68．9％，P〈0．05）。而前者达到感觉与运动完全阻滞所需要的时间（11±6分钟，13±7分钟）也短于后者（17±8分钟，19±8分钟，P〈0．05）。结论Labat法行坐骨神经阻滞时，与高容量低浓度的局部麻醉药（1％甲哌卡因）比较，使用低容量高浓度的局部麻醉药（1．5％甲哌卡因）能够获得更高的阻滞成功率及更短的起效时间。

关键词：前瞻性随机对照研究坐骨神经阻滞局部麻醉药低浓度高容量低容量运动感觉功能甲哌卡因

no association between Parkinson disease and autoantibodies against nMDA-type glutamate receptors

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Translational neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 127-133页

作者： Franziska Hopfner Stefanie HMüller Dagmar Steppat Joanna Miller nele Schmidt Klaus-peter Wandinger Frank Leypoldt Daniela Berg Andre Franke Wolfgang Lieb Lukas Tittmann Monika Balzer-Geldsetzer Simon Baudrexel Richard Dodel Ruediger Hilker-Roggendorf Elke Kalbe Jan Kassubek Thomas Klockgether Inga Liepelt-Scarfone Brit Mollenhauer Petra neuser Kathrin Reetz Oliver Riedel Claudia Schulte Jörg BSchulz Annika Spottke Alexander Storch Claudia Trenkwalder Hans-Ulrich Wittchen Karsten Witt Ullrich Wüllner Günther Deuschl Gregor Kuhlenbäumer Department of neurology University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinArnold-Heller Str.324105 KielGermany Center of Blood Transfusion University Hospital Schleswig HolsteinKiel&LübeckGermany Department of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Institute of Epidemiology University Hospital Schleswig-HolsteinKielGermany Chair of Geriatric Medicine University Hospital EssenEssenGermany Department of neurology Philipps-University MarburgMarburgGermany Department of neurology Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Brain Imaging Center Goethe UniversityFrankfurt/MainGermany Department of Medical Psychology|neuropsychology and Gender Studies&Center for neuropsychological Diagnostics and Intervention(CenDI) University Hospital CologneCologneGermany Psychological Gerontology Institute of GerontologyUniversity of VechtaVechtaGermany Department of neurology University of UlmUlmGermany Department of neurology University of Bonnand German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases(DZNE)BonnGermany Center for neurology Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain ResearchDepartment of Neurodegenerative DiseasesUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany DZnE German Center for Neurodegenerative DiseasesTübingenGermany Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik KasselGermany Institute of neuropathology and Department of neurosurgery University Medical Center GöttingenGöttingenGermany Coordinating Centre for Clinical Trials Philipps-UniversityMarburgGermany Department of neurology RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany JARA-BRAIn Institute of Molecular neuroscience and neuroimaging Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH and RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS Achterstrasse 3028359 BremenGermany Department of neurology Technische Universität Dresden01307 DresdenGermany German Center for neurodegenerative Diseases(DZnE) Research Site Rostock18147 RostockGerma

Background:IgG-class autoantibodies to n-Methyl-D-Aspartate(nMDA)-type glutamate receptors define a novel entity of autoimmune *** examining the prevalence of nMDA IgA/IgM antibodies in patients with Parkinson disease with/without dementia produced conflicting *** measured nMDA antibodies in a large,well phenotyped sample of Parkinson patients without and with cognitive impairment(n=296)and controls(n=295)free of neuropsychiatric *** phenotyping and large numbers allowed statistically meaningful correlation of antibody status with diagnostic subgroups as well as quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive ***:nMDA antibodies were analysed in the serum of patients and controls using well established validated *** used anti-nMDA antibody positivity as the main independent variable and correlated it with disease status and phenotypic ***:The frequency of nMDA IgA/IgM antibodies was lower in Parkinson patients(13%)than in controls(22%)and higher than in previous studies in both *** IgA/IgM antibodies were neither significantly associated with diagnostic subclasses of Parkinson disease according to cognitive impairment,nor with quantitative indicators of disease severity and cognitive impairment.A positive nMDA antibody status was positively correlated with age in controls but not in Parkinson ***:It is unlikely albeit not impossible that nMDA antibodies play a significant role in the pathogenesis or progression of Parkinson disease *** Parkinson disease with dementia,while nMDA IgG antibodies define a separate disease of its own.

关键词： nMDA antibody nMDA IgA/IgM antibodies Parkinson disease Cognitive impairment

Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2015年第4期5卷 412-424页

作者： Ahmed Z Elmaadawi peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Campus REACH Institute Department of Psychiatry Ohio State University Department of Psychiatry University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics McGill University Health Center Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry The Child Study Center at NYU Langone Medical Center Department of Psychology University of California Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychiatry New York Psychiatric Institute Department of Pediatrics and Epidemiology Child Development Center University of California Department of Psychiatry State University of New York Downstate Medical Center and Kings County Hospital Center

AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years ***: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the nIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LnCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LnCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(nSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and nSM in ADHD and LnCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and nSM in ADHD and LnCG ***: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LnCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LnCG 1.7; P n nSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LnCG 1.1; P n LnCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LnCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both nSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater nSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the nSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P nally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significa

关键词： Multimodal treatment study of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Irritability Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Diagnostic interview schedule for children Bipolar disorder

Perceived and Measured Levels of Environmental Pollution:Interdisciplinary Research in the Subarctic Lowlands of northeast European Russia

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第5期35卷 220-228页

作者： Tony R. Walker Joachim Otto Habeck Timo P. Karjalalnen Tarmo Virtanen nadia Solovieva Viv Jones peter Kuhry Vasily, I. Ponomarev Kari Mikkola Ari nikula Elena Patova peter D. Crittenden Scott D. Young Tim Ingold 刘媛（译）加拿大哈曼法克斯市戴尔豪斯（Dalhousie）大学德国马克斯普朗克社会人类学研究所（哈雷／萨勒）西伯利亚研究中心芬兰奥卢大学教育学系赫尔辛基大学生物与环境学系环境生物学伦敦大学环境变化研究中心斯德哥尔摩大学瑟克特夫卡尔科米科研中心生物学研究所罗瓦涅米芬兰森林研究所罗瓦涅米研究站谱丁汉大学生物学学院诺丁汉大学生物科学学院阿伯丁大学人类学系不详

本文对地处俄罗斯欧洲东北部的乌萨盆地开展跨学科野外研究。将当地居民对环境问题的感知与利用化学和遥感图像技术分析环境污染及其影响的研究成果进行比较。通过对积雪、表土和地衣的化学测定，以及遥感技术和对湖水和沉积物的分析，... 详细信息

本文对地处俄罗斯欧洲东北部的乌萨盆地开展跨学科野外研究。将当地居民对环境问题的感知与利用化学和遥感图像技术分析环境污染及其影响的研究成果进行比较。通过对积雪、表土和地衣的化学测定，以及遥感技术和对湖水和沉积物的分析，表明20世纪30年代以来大规模的煤矿开采是导致英塔（Inta）和沃尔库塔（Vorkuta）地区环境污染的主要原因。沃尔库塔及其周边地区遭受了最严重的影响，湖水与表土金属沉积、碱化的现象明显，陆生地衣（驯鹿地衣）的金属元素与阳离子含量升高，植物群落也出现变化。虽然近年来该地区的煤矿产业出现襄退，但附近乌中斯克（Usinsk）石油天然气工业的发展极为迅猛。1994年鸟申斯克原油大量泄漏事件发生之后，当地居民的环保意识逐渐增强，与认为大气污染是主要环境威胁因素的沃尔库塔居民相比，对环境污染的认知与关注程度较高。研究表明，在沃尔库塔2540km的范围内，向空气中排放的有害气体和局部沉积的污染物主要来自于热电厂、煤矿和水泥厂的煤炭燃烧。沃尔库塔居民通过直接观察和亲身体验来评价大气污染问题，例如发现积雪变色，呼吸系统出现问题，这些感知过程是不易用科学知识来形成的。

关键词：环境污染东北部俄罗斯感知欧洲石油天然气工业科研低地

蕈样肉芽肿和Sézary综合征分类和分期的修订方案——国际皮肤淋巴瘤学会和欧洲癌症研究治疗特别工作组的建议(续完)

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白血病·淋巴瘤 2009年第1期18卷 48-50+63页

作者： Elise Olsen Eric Vonderheid nicola Pimpinelli Rein Willemze Youn Kim Robert Knobler Herschel Zackheim Madeleine Duvic Teresa Estrach Stanford Lamberg Gary Wood Reinhard Dummer Annamari Ranki Gunter Burg peter Heald Mark Pittelkow Maria-Grazia Bernengo Wolfram Sterry Liliane Laroche Franz Trautinger Sean Whittaker 张培红陈辉树 Department of Medicine Divisions of Dermatology and OncologyDuke University Medical Center Department of Dermatology Johns Hopkins University Department of Dermatological Sciences University of Florence Department of Dermatology Leiden University Medical Center Department of Dermatology Stanford University Medical Center Department of Dermatology University of Vienna Department of Dermatology University of Californiaat Department of Dermatology University of Texasat Department of Dermatology University of Barcelona Department of Dermatology University of Wisconsin Department of Dermatology University Hospital Zurich Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Helsinki University Hospital Department of Dermatology Yale University Department of Dermatology Mayo Clinic Department of Dermatology University of Turin Department of Dermatology Charit éHumboldt University Department of Immuno-Dermatology Hospital Avicenne-University of Paris ⅩⅢ Department of Dermstology University of Vienna St John's Institute of Dermatology Skin Tumour UnitSt Thomas'Hospital

4淋巴结n分类的修订4.1外周淋巴结肿大的界定很久就意识到淋巴结肿大对MF患者生存具有负面影响。在MFCG分类中,"n"只代表外周淋巴结。虽然对肿大的淋巴结大小还没有相应的定义,但是在所有患者(甚至无可触及淋巴结肿大的患者)中将淋巴结... 详细信息

4淋巴结n分类的修订4.1外周淋巴结肿大的界定很久就意识到淋巴结肿大对MF患者生存具有负面影响。在MFCG分类中,"n"只代表外周淋巴结。虽然对肿大的淋巴结大小还没有相应的定义,但是在所有患者(甚至无可触及淋巴结肿大的患者)中将淋巴结活检作为评价分期的一个项目已不是问题,因为每个n级别分期是基于临床和病理组织学特点评估的。Sansville等报道对28例无淋巴

关键词：蕈样肉芽肿综合分类分期修订方案皮肤淋巴瘤学会欧洲癌症治疗工作组淋巴结肿大外周淋巴结病理组织学患者淋巴结活检淋巴结大小特点评估淋巴结炎临床

非霍奇金淋巴瘤初次诊断时发现已累及甲状腺的患儿2例报道

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2006年第5期2卷 22-22页

作者： Frache S. peter M.O. Laithier V. P.S. Rohrlich 朱新菊 Service d'Oncohémato logie Pédiatrique CHU de Besancn La Mére et l'Enfant 2 place Saint-Jacques 25030 Besancn France

Extranodal thyroid lymphomatous involvement is rare in childhood. We report he re 2 children, 1 with vertical transmission-acquired human immunodeficiency vir us (HIV), presenting with lymphomatous infiltration of the thyroid gland at diag nosis. One child had infra-clinical endocrine impairment and both responded well to chemoth- erapy. Although the cases are too scarce to be affirmative, thyroid gland invo lvement doesn’t seem to alter the good prognosis of childhood Burkitt’s lympho ma. The third child’s cancer in frequency is non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. Presenting as the initial AIDS event in 1 patient, this case report also highlights the ne ed to systematically propose antiretroviral therapy in vertically HIV infected c hildren.

关键词：甲状腺淋巴瘤非霍奇金淋巴瘤人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV) 患儿诊断伯基特淋巴瘤淋巴结外垂直传播功能减退

将休闲游客纳入海洋保护区规划——以加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚地区的游艇研究为例

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城市观察 2013年第3期25卷 30-48页

作者：达尔西.葛雷罗莎琳.卡尼萨里克.洛林彼得.凯勒菲利普.迪尔登加拿大维多利亚大学地理系加拿大温哥华岛大学旅游休闲系

海洋保护区(MPAs)与海洋功能区划的社会目标和生态目标若要实现,必须得到利益相关方的理解。本文以游憩机会序列(ROS)和游憩冲突模型为基础,考察了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚海洋保护区里面的游艇者。笔者在夏季对到访该地区的游艇者(n=543)... 详细信息

海洋保护区(MPAs)与海洋功能区划的社会目标和生态目标若要实现,必须得到利益相关方的理解。本文以游憩机会序列(ROS)和游憩冲突模型为基础,考察了加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚海洋保护区里面的游艇者。笔者在夏季对到访该地区的游艇者(n=543)进行了问卷调查。调查结果显示,游艇者对环境的偏好各异,证明应该以游憩机会序列为基础进行海洋保护区规划与海洋功能区划。站在游艇者这一群体的角度,他们最看重的是自然环境,帆船驾驶者比汽艇驾驶者更倾向于自然和安静的环境,而汽艇驾驶者则比帆船驾驶者更倾向于以建成设施和采掘活动为特征的环境。有些海洋活动则成为游艇者冲突的根源,包括私人船只、商业赏鲸船只以及贝类水产养殖。本文通过分析指出,有些冲突可以通过海洋功能区划解决,而另外一些最好是通过教育和沟通的方式。文末还针对海洋保护区的管理及未来的研究方向提出了建议。

关键词：海洋保护区游艇业海洋区划游憩机会序列游憩冲突

世界各地动脉粥样硬化血栓形成门诊患者心血管危险因素的流行及诊治情况

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第1期26卷 12-19页

作者： Deepak L. Bhatt, MD P. Gabriel Steg, MD E. Magnus Ohman, MD Alan T. Hirsch, MD Yasuo Ikeda, MD Jean-Louis Mas, MD Shinya Goto, MD Chlau-Suong Liau, MD, PhD Alain J. Richard, MD, PhD Joachim Roether, MD peter W. F. Wilson, MD 徐成斌（译）

背景：动脉粥样硬化血栓形成是导致心血管疾病和死亡的主要原因。至今，尚无国际数据库阐述动脉粥样硬化血栓形成患者动脉硬化危险因素的特征和治疗强度。目的：确定动脉粥样硬化危险因素的发生及治疗在世界许多国家是否具有可比性。设... 详细信息

背景：动脉粥样硬化血栓形成是导致心血管疾病和死亡的主要原因。至今，尚无国际数据库阐述动脉粥样硬化血栓形成患者动脉硬化危险因素的特征和治疗强度。目的：确定动脉粥样硬化危险因素的发生及治疗在世界许多国家是否具有可比性。设计、地点及参试者：“降低动脉粥样硬化血栓形成保持健康研究”（Reduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health，REACH）搜集了动脉粥样硬化危险因素及治疗情况的数据。从2003年到2004年，44个国家、5473位内科从业医师总共发现67888例年龄≥45岁的动脉病患者（冠心病[coronaryartery disease，CAD]，n=40258；脑血管病，n=18843；周围动脉病，n=8273）或≥3个动脉粥样硬化血栓形成危险因素（n=12389）。主要观测指标：动脉粥样硬化危险因素的基线发生率、药物应用情况及危险因素控制程度。结果：全世界动脉粥样硬化血栓形成患者具有相似的危险因素，即高血压（81．8％）、高胆固醇血症（72．4％）以及糖尿病（44．3％）的比例高。超重（39．8％）、肥胖（26．6％）以及病态肥胖（3．6％）的发生率在大部分地区相似，但是以北美最高（超重：37．1％，肥胖：36．5％，病态肥胖：5．8％；与其他地区比较P〈0．001）。患者采用他汀（总共69．4％；范围：从脑血管病的56．4％到CAD的76．2％）、抗血小板治疗（总共78．6％；范围：从≥3个危险因素的53．9％到CAD的85．6％）及其他循证（降低危险）普遍不足。确诊有血管病的患者在吸烟者为数可观（14．4％）。高血压病治疗不足（基线50．0％血压升高）、高血糖诊断不足（4．9％）以及空腹血糖受损（其中36．5％不知已有糖尿病）均很常见。在有症状的动脉粥样硬化血栓形成患者中，15．9％是有症状的多血管疾病患者。结论：这项当代大型国际数据库研究显示，在世界许多地区典型心血管危险因素的发生是一致且常见的，但是大多治疗不足、控制不得力。

关键词：动脉粥样硬化血栓形成心血管危险因素世界门诊患者抗血小板治疗病态肥胖诊治脑血管病