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Empirical estimates of regional carbon budgets imply reduced global soil heterotrophic respiration

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National Science Review 2021年第2期8卷 60-73页

作者： Philippe Ciais Yitong Yao Thomas Gasser Alessandro Baccini Yilong Wang Ronny Lauerwald Shushi Peng Ana Bastos Wei Li peter A.raymond Josep G.Canadell Glen P.peters Rob J.Andres Jinfeng Chang Chao Yue A.Johannes Dolman Vanessa Haverd Jens Hartmann Goulven Laruelle Alexandra G.Konings Anthony W.King Yi Liu Sebastiaan Luyssaert Fabienne Maignan Prabir K.Patra Anna Peregon Pierre Regnier Julia Pongratz Benjamin Poulter Anatoly Shvidenko Riccardo Valentini Rong Wang Grégoire Broquet Yi Yin Jakob Zscheischler Bertrand Guenet Daniel S.Goll Ashley-P.Ballantyne Hui Yang Chunjing Qiu Dan Zhu State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F University CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere 15. Institute for Geology CEN—Center for Earth System Research and SustainabilityUniversity of Hamburg 16. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford University 17. Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanford 18. School of Geographical SciencesNanjing University of Information Science and Technology 19. Department of Ecological SciencesVrije Universiteit Amsterdam 20. Research Institute for Global ChangeJAMSTEC Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPSACLAY Center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS) Tuva State University Republic of Tuva Max Planck Institute for Meteorology NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Biospheric Sciences Lab. 26. Department for Innovation in BiologicalAgro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF)University of Tuscia RUDN University Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and PreventionInstitute of Atmospheric SciencesFudan University 29. Division of Geological and Planetary SciencesCalifornia Institute of Technology 30. Climate and Environmental Physics and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of Bern 31. Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sci

Resolving regional carbon budgets is critical for informing land-based mitigation policy. For nine regions covering nearly the whole globe, we collected inventory estimates of carbon-stock changes complemented by satellite estimates of biomass changes where inventory data are missing. The net land–atmospheric carbon exchange(NEE) was calculated by taking the sum of the carbon-stock change and lateral carbon fluxes from crop and wood trade, and riverine-carbon export to the ocean. Summing up NEE from all regions, we obtained a global ‘bottom-up’ NEE for net land anthropogenic CO2uptake of –2.2 ± 0.6 Pg C yr-1consistent with the independent top-down NEE from the global atmospheric carbon budget during 2000–2009. This estimate is so far the most comprehensive global bottom-up carbon budget accounting, which set up an important milestone for global carbon-cycle studies. By decomposing NEE into component fluxes, we found that global soil heterotrophic respiration amounts to a source of CO2of 39 Pg C yr-1with an interquartile of 33–46 Pg C yr-1—a much smaller portion of net primary productivity than previously reported.

关键词： carbon budget human appropriation of ecosystems soil carbon

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香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案数值研究

水科学进展 2006年第3期17卷 334-341页

作者：匡翠萍李行伟陈孝章 peter Clark Nick Townsend raymond Siu 同济大学土木学院地下建筑与工程系上海200092 香港大学土木工程系 Binnie Black and Veatch香港分公司香港渠务署

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案(Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme-THTSS)是香港西九龙渠道改善二期计划的一个重要组成部分,其目标是解决香港九龙繁华拥挤、人口稠密的商业中心旺角一带的洪水淹没问题。THTSS即是在经常洪水淹没区域(大坑东... 详细信息

香港九龙大坑东地下蓄水方案(Tai Hang Tung Storage Scheme-THTSS)是香港西九龙渠道改善二期计划的一个重要组成部分,其目标是解决香港九龙繁华拥挤、人口稠密的商业中心旺角一带的洪水淹没问题。THTSS即是在经常洪水淹没区域(大坑东和界限街水渠交接处)上游足球场下面建立一个100 000 m3的地下蓄水池。本文建立了一个能处理明渠缓流和急流、封闭管道有压流、侧流堰和渠道汇合处过渡流于一体的一维水力数学模型,用1∶22正态物理模型恒定流下的结果进行验证。数值模型计算了在50年一遇暴雨下,非恒定洪水在不同的侧流堰方案下的流动过程。结合物理模型试验结果,选择最佳的地下蓄水方案。计算结果表明,大坑东地下蓄水方案确实能加强旺角地区地洪水控制能力,并能通过50年一遇暴雨的洪水。

关键词：暴雨洪水大坑东地下蓄水方案侧流堰 50年一遇暴雨

Phytochemical and Toxicity Study of the Root of Boscia senegalensis Plant: With Indepth Testicular Histopathological Screening

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第3期10卷 228-239页

作者： peter Ndukaku Osuala raymond Ugochukwu Okolo Emmanuel Udo Etuk Shaibu Oricha Bello Maxwell Osaronowen Egua Department of Pharmacology College of Health Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria Department of Anatomy College of Health Sciences Usmanu Danfodiyo University Sokoto Nigeria

Beyond the efficacy of herbal remedies, there is always a serious concern for safety. A safety study was carried out on the root of Boscia senegalensis (per) plant prior to its intended use in a bioassay. The root of Boscia senegalensis per (capparaceae) was collected from Tureta Local Government Area of Sokoto State in August, 2011 and pulverized into a dry powder. About 700 g of the powder was extracted with methanol for six hours using Soxhlet extractor. The phytochemical study of the plant material was conducted and the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined in rats orally according to modified Lorkes’ method. A sub-acute toxicity study was carried out with male albino rats dosed 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg body weights daily for 28 days of the extract. The animals were sacrificed on the 29th day and blood collected through cardiac puncture for hematological and biochemical screening for renal and hepatic status. The testes, liver and kidney were collected and stored in 10 percent formalin for histopathological examination. The phytochemicals present in the root alcoholic extract of Boscia senegalensis were alkaloids, phytosteroids and triterpenoids in appreciable quantity, saponins anthraquinones and tannins in moderate quantity while flavonoids were absent. The LD50 is equal to or above 5000 mg/kg body weight. Supportive of the safety profile of the plant, a 28-day oral administration of the extract produced no significant effect on the creatinine, albumin, total protein concentration at all doses and there was a significant reduction in liver enzymes. The hematological evaluation showed that the extract on a prolonged administration had no significant effect. The histology of the kidney and liver were normal. There was a significant increase in the relative weight of the testis, area of the interstitial space and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules when compared to the control group histologically. The plant r

关键词： Phytochemical Methanol Lethal Dose Safety Toxicity

Intraoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for traumatic pancreatic ductal injuries:Two case reports

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2022年第5期14卷 342-350页

作者： Andrew Canakis Varun Kesar Caleb Hudspath raymond E Kim Thomas M Scalea peter Darwin Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States Department of Surgery R.Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21201United States

BACKGROUND In order to successfully manage traumatic pancreatic duct(PD)leaks,early diagnosis and operative management is paramount in reducing morbidity and *** the acute setting,endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)can be a useful,adjunctive modality during exploratory *** with sphincterotomy and stent placement improves preferential drainage in the setting of injury,allowing the pancreatic leak to properly ***,data in this acute setting is *** SUMMARY In this case series,a 27-year-old male and 16-year-old female presented with PD leaks secondary to a gunshot wound and blunt abdominal trauma,*** underwent intraoperative ERCP within an average of 5.9 h from time of presentation.A sphincterotomy and plastic pancreatic stent placement was performed with a 100%technical and clinical *** were no associated immediate or long-term *** discharge,both patients underwent repeat ERCP for stent removal with resolution of ductal *** These experiences further demonstrated that widespread adaption and optimal timing of ERCP may improve outcomes in trauma centers.

关键词： Pancreatic ductal injury Pancreatic leaks Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Trauma Endoscopic stenting Case report

Behavioral features of mice fed with a cholesterol-enriched diet: Deficient novelty exploration and unaltered aggressive behavior

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Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 2016年第2期2卷 87-95页

作者： Ekaterina Veniaminova raymond Cespuglio Nataliia Markova Niall Mortimer Chi Wai Cheung Harry W.Steinbusch Klaus-peter Lesch Tatyana Strekalova Department of Neuroscience School for Mental Health and Neuroscience Maastricht University Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine Neuroscience research Center of Lyon C. Bernard University Department of Anatomy Guangzhou Medical University Laboratory of Biomolecular Screening Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds Russian Academy of Sciences Division of Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory of Translational Neuroscience Department of Psychiatry Psychosomatics and PsychotherapyUniversity of Wuerzburg Department of Anaesthesiology the University of Hong Kong Queen Mary Hospital

Objectives: Previous studies involving mice have demonstrated that a cholesterolenriched diet evokes liver steatosis, dystrophy, inflammation, and aspects of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). These changes are accompanied by the activation of pro-inflammatory brain and liver molecular pathways, as well as anxiety and depressive-like behaviors. Given previously reported evidence for the neurobiological relationship between the above-mentioned molecular changes and abnormalities in coping with environmental stimuli, such as interactions with other individuals and new environmental contexts, we hypothesized that novelty exploration and aggressive behavior are affected in a mouse NAFLD model. Methods: To test this hypothesis, young female C57BL/6J mice were fed with a regular chow or a diet containing 0.2% cholesterol for 3 weeks. The mice were then assessed for new object and novel cage exploration, and social interaction in a food competition test. Results: We found reduced object exploration in mice on the cholesterol-enriched diet. This reduction was not related to whether the new object was placed in an anxiogenic or non-anxiogenic environment. These changes were accompanied by diminished exploration of the new environment in a novel cage, and delayed approach to food after a period of food deprivation. Mice on the regular chow or cholesterolenriched diet showed no differences in aggressive behavior towards a counter-partner in a food competition test. Food intake and body weight did not differ between the groups, thus, excluding their potential as confounders in the measured behaviors. Conclusions: We conclude that a diet enriched with cholesterol reduces novelty exploration irrespective of the anxiogenic level of the environment and does not induce aggressive behavior in female mice.

关键词： Western diet cholesterol novelty exploration aggression mouse

The JCIMPT - Innovative New Technologies for Membrane Protein Structural Biology

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The JCIMPT - Innovative New Technologies for Membrane Protei...

Frequency of smoking cessation interventions from health care providers in Minnesota

The 4th ISGO International Conference on Structural Genomics

作者： raymond C.Stevens peter Kuhn Geoffrey Chang Kurt Wüthrich Mark Yeager M.G.Finn Department of Molecular Biology10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037USA Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Cell Biology 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037USA Department of Molecular Biology 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037USA Department of Molecular Biology 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037USA Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute10550 North Torrey Pines RoadLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Cell Biology 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037 USA Department of Chemistry The Scripps Research Institute 10550 North Torrey Pines Road La JollaCA 92037 USA

＜正＞The mission of the Joint Center for Innovative Membrane Protein Technologies （JCIMPT;http://***） is to develop and disseminate methods and technologies for structure-grade production and stabilization of integral membrane proteins. Miniaturization and automation are major components in the systematic investigation of membrane proteins and in the development of novel genetically engineered expression systems and sample preparation technologies.

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2012年第2期2卷 229-234页

作者： Megan N. Whittet raymond G. Boyle Jeong Kyu Lee Ann W. St. Claire Joanne D’Silva peter Rode Ann M. Kinney Center for Health Statistics Minnesota Department of Health St. Paul USA Research Department ClearWay MinnesotaSM Minneapolis USA

Objective: There is strong evidence supporting the impact of health care provider advice on patients’ smoking behavior. This paper examines adult smoker reports of health care provider smoking cessation interventions. Design: The 2010 Minnesota Adult Tobacco Survey (MATS) is a random digit dial telephone survey with 7057 Minnesota adults. Both landline and mobile telephone samples were included. These samples were combined and weighted to represent the population of adults in Minnesota. Results: Among adult Minnesotans, 16.1% were current smokers, 80.9% reported seeing a health care provider in the past 12 months and 80.2% of those adults were asked if they smoke. Among smokers who saw any provider in the past 12 months, 94.4% reported they were asked about smoking and 71.8% were advised not to smoke. In contrast, 43.9% of smokers received referrals from a health care provider and among those, 37.5% were recommended medications and 24.8% were referred to a quit smoking program. Conclusion: Given the large body of evidence supporting cessation interventions by health care providers, the increase in use of electronic medical records and the availability and success of evidence-based cessation programs, efforts to improve rates of identifying and treating each tobacco user are needed. Further research is needed to explore how cessation intervention responsibilities can be shared among the clinical team and integrated into ongoing clinical care.

关键词： Smoking Cessation Survey Research Guideline Health Care Provider

Prospective evaluation of ^(18)F-FDG positron emission tomography in the preoperative staging of patients with hepatic colorectal metastases

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第4期11卷 539-554页

作者： Tim Akhurst Mithat Gönen raymond E.Baser Lawrence H.Schwartz Scott Tuorto Lynn A.Brody Anne Covey Karen T.Brown Steven M.Larson Yuman Fong Department of Radiology Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA peter MacCallum Cancer Centre VictoriaAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Department of Surgery Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA

Background:Despite considerable advances in preoperative imaging,up to one-third of patients operatively explored for hepatic colorectal metastases are unexpectedly found to harbor unresectable intrahepatic or extrahepatic ***:The current study is a prospective,blinded study comparing utility of[18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography(18F-FDG-PET)to computed tomography(CT)and CT arterial portography(CTAP)as preoperative ***:The 125 planned subjects were *** seen on FDG-PET alone changed therapy for 23 of 125 patients(18%).FDG-PET confirmed other radiologic findings in 16 cases(13%),for an overall influence on therapy in 39 cases(31%).FDG-PET was the most sensitive diagnostic imaging test for extrahepatic cancer;it was 80-90%sensitive for extrahepatic cancer and 70-90%*** the 28 cases of unresectable disease due to extrahepatic disease,FDG-PET findings solely changed therapies in 16 cases(57%)and influenced therapy in seven other cases(25%).Of the 21 unresectable cases due to extent of intrahepatic disease,FDG-PET did not solely change therapy in ***,FDG-PET had the lowest sensitivity for hepatic sites compared with CT or *** particular,small(<1 cm)liver tumors were particularly poorly detected by *** area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for small tumors was 0.58 and for patients on chemotherapy it was 0.66,a modest improvement over no ***:FDG-PET is an important test for preoperative staging of patients with hepatic colorectal metastases,affecting treatment decisions in nearly one-third of *** high yield is due mainly to detection of extrahepatic *** is therefore recommended in patients with extrahepatic lesions suspected to be disseminated cancer or those with high risk for extrahepatic *** is not a good test for identification of small tumors in the liver.

关键词： Positron emission tomography(PET) computed tomography(CT) colorectal hepatic metastases surgery

Differential diagnosis of gallstones by using hypericin as a fluorescent optical imaging agent

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6690-6705页

作者： Marlein Miranda Cona Ye-Wei Liu Antoine Hubert Ting Yin Yuan-Bo Feng peter de Witte Etienne Waelkens Yan-Sheng Jiang Jian Zhang Stefaan Mulier Qian Xia Gang Huang raymond Oyen Yi-Cheng Ni Department of Imaging and Pathology Faculty of Medicine Biomedical Sciences Group University HospitalsKU Leuven Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biomedical Sciences GroupKU Leuven Molecular Biodiscovery Laboratory Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Biomedical Sciences GroupKU Leuven Laboratory of Translational Medicine Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Department of Nuclear Medicine Ren Ji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University

AIM: To explore the feasibility of using hypericin as an optical imaging probe with affinity for cholesterol for differential fluorescent detection of human ***: Cholesterol, mixed and pigment stones from cholecystectomy patients were incubated with hypericin or solvent. After 72 h, the stones were analysed for fluorescence(365 nm) and treated with 2-propanol/dimethyl sulfoxide for high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) analysis. Rats with virtual gallbladder containing human cholesterol, mixed or pigment gallstones(VGHG) received 5 mg/kg hypericin or solvent and VGHG rats with cholesterol stones were given different hypericin doses(5-15 mg/kg). Twelve hours later, the stones were analysed at 365 nm. Biliary excretion and metabolites of hypericin were assessed in common bile duct(CBD) cannulated rats for 9 h using fluorospectrometry, HPLC and matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS).RESULTS: Homogeneous high fluorescence was seen on cholesterol stones either pre-incubated with hypericin or extracted from VGHG rats receiving hypericin. Mixed stones showed a dotted fluorescent pattern, whereas pigment and solvent-treated ones lacked fluorescence. HPLC showed 7.68, 6.65 and 0.08 × 10^(-3) M of cholesterol in extracts from cholesterol, mixed, and pigment gallstones, respectively. Hypericin accounted for 2.0, 0.5 and 0.2 × 10-6 M in that order. On cholesterol stones from VGHG rats receiving different hypericin doses, a positive correlation was observed between dose and fluorescence. In the bile from CBD-cannulated rats, fluorescence represented 20% of the injected dose with two peaks in 9 h. HPLC analysis revealed that hypericin conjugates reached 60% of the peak area. By MALDI-TOF MS, hypericinglucuronide was detected. CONCLUSION: This study proves the potential use of hypericin for differential fluorescent detection of human gallstones regarding their chemical composition.

关键词： Differential detection Fluorescence Human gallstones Hypericin Rat model of cholelithiasis