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Antimalarial activities of butanol and ethylacetate fractions of Combretum nigricans leaf

Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2019年第4期9卷 176-180页

作者： Enegide Chinedu peter A.akah Dabum L.Jacob Ifeoma A.Onah Chimere Y.Ukegbu Chukwuma K.Chukwuemeka Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Biotechnology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria Department of Plant Science & Biotechnology Faculty of Biological Sciences University of Nigeria

Objective: To evaluate the antimalarial activity of the ethylacetate and butanol fractions of Combretum nigricans(C. nigricans) leaf extract in mice. Methods: C. nigricans solvent(butanol and ethylacetate) fractions were screened for their phytochemical constituents using standard procedures illustrated by Harborne and Evans. The peters' 4-day suppressive test against early malaria infection, Rane's curative test against established malaria and prophylactic test for residual activity were employed for evaluating the antimalarial potential in mice. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids in both fractions at different intensity. Both fractions exhibited significant antimalarial activity in all test models(P<0.05). The ethylacetate fraction of C. nigricans had better chemosuppressive and curative effects compared to the butanol fraction, which however, elicited a better chemoprophylactic effect. The chemosuppressive effect of C. nigricans ethylacetate fraction(200-800 mg/kg) was 77.6%, 69.1% and 86.1%; curative effect was 62.3%, 71.3% and 72.4%; while the chemoprophylactic activity was 32.1%, 48.6% and 61.2% respectively. C. nigricans butanol fraction(200-800 mg/kg) had 40.3%, 54.1% and 69.1% chemosuppression; 26.2%, 36.9% and 34.5% curative effect; and 48.4%, 70.0% and 87.4% chemoprophylaxis. Conclusions: Both solvent fractions of C. nigricans possess antimalarial activity, and may be useful at different stages of malaria therapy.

关键词： Antimalarial Combretum nigricans Butanol fraction Ethylacetate fraction In vivo

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Biochemical and Haematological Effects of the Leaf Extract of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i>in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2017年第6期5卷 18-36页

作者： Chinyelu Clementina Osigwe peter Achunike akah Chukwuemeka Sylvester Nworu Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract (DME) of N. laevis leaves was prepared by cold maceration. The effects of the extract on the haematological and some biochemical parameters of alloxan-induced diabetic rats were investigated. The results showed that the oral administration of the extract (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) caused a significant (P < 0.5) and dose-dependent increase in red blood cell count (RBC) and its indices, as well as a significant (p 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in the platelet count and the white blood cells (WBC). The activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly (p 0.05) decreased. This effect was not dose related. The serum levels of total bilirubin, urea and creatinine were significantly (p 0.05) decreased. The serum total protein and total antioxidant status (TAS) significantly (p 0.05) increased dose dependently. Overall, administration of DME has significant ameliorative effect on alloxan-induced anaemia and other haematological alterations in diabetes and this may be of immense benefits in the management of diabetes and its associated haematological complications. Improved liver and kidney functions as well as improved antioxidant status are beneficial in the management of chronic diseases such as diabetes.

关键词： Haematological Biochemical Newbouldia laevis Diabetes Anti-Oxidant

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Kaolin Consumption Affects Serum Electrolytes, Glucose and Amylase Levels of Pregnant Women

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第6期8卷 160-168页

作者： Thomas O. Zeigbo peter A. akah Martha N. Ofokansi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

Background: Geophagy is the consumption of earth materials which occurs across several cultures. For several reasons, pregnant women in many parts of West Africa including Nigeria frequently consume kaolin. This study was carried out to determine the influence of kaolin consumption on serum electrolytes, glucose and amylase levels of pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a Teaching Hospital in the south east Nigeria. Methods: A total of eighty pregnant women recruited for this study were grouped as follows;Group 1, (30 geophagic pregnant women in the first trimester), Group 2 (30 geophagic pregnant women in the second trimester) and Group 3 (20 non-geophagic pregnant women that served as control). Subjects in Groups 1 and 2 were subdivided into three based on the quantity of kaolin consumed per week: group A (100 g/week), group B (150 g/week) and group C (200 g/week). Preliminary analysis of the calcium content of kaolin was carried out. Serum levels of potassium, sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, glucose and amylase of the subjects were determined. Results: Calcium level in kaolin was below the recommended daily intake in food. The concentrations of potassium in geophagic pregnant women who consumed 150 g and 200 g of kaolin per week were significantly (p st and 2nd trimester groups., There was a significant (p nd trimester pregnant women that consumed 200 g of kaolin per week. The concentrations of chloride and bicarbonate were not significantly (p > 0.05) affected in all the groups. Serum amylase concentration decreased significantly (p st and 2nd trimester pregnant women on 150 g and 200 g of kaolin per week, while the plasma glucose concentration was significantly (p Conclusion: This study concludes

关键词： Geophargy Kaolin Pregnancy Serum Electrolyte Glucose Amylase

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Antihyperglycemic Studies on the Leaf Extract and Active Fractions of <i>Newbouldia laevis</i>(Bignoniaceae)

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2015年第11期6卷 518-532页

作者： Chinyelu C. Osigwe peter A. akah Chukwuemeka S. Nworu Theophine C. Okoye Michel K. Tchimene Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria International Centre for Ethnomedicine and Drug Development Nsukka Nigeria

Optimal control of chronic hyperglycemia prevents both micro and macro vascular complications—a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic subjects. This study was undertaken to give credence to the traditional use of Newbouldia laevis leaves in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract (DME) of N. laevis leaves was prepared by cold maceration. Separation of DME into column chromatographic fractions yielded the n-hexane fraction (HF), ethylacetate fraction (EF) and methanol fraction (MF). The extract and fractions were evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity in alloxanized diabetic rats. The results showed that the oral administration of extract and fractions (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg) caused a significant (P DME (dichloromethane/methanol extract;36.19%) > EF (ethylacetate fraction;20.70%) > HF (n-hexane fraction;10.09. The methanol fraction, which showed the highest potency in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), was further separated into column chromatographic sub-fractions—F1, F2, F3 and F4 fractions. These sub-fractions were evaluated for antihyperglycemic activity. Sub-fractions F1, F2 and F3 (1000 mg/kg) did produce significant (P > 0.05) reduction in blood glucose level after 24 h. Sub-fraction F4 (50, 100, 200 mg/kg), however caused a significant (P < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in blood glucose level. The reduction at 200 mg/kg dose of F4 (74.57%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than that of glibenclamide (58.04%). These findings suggest that leaf extract and fractions of Newbouldia laevis possess antihyperglycemic activities and can be the basis for the folk use N. laevis in management of diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Newbouldia Laevis Antihyperglycemic Diabetes Mellitus Blood Glucose Alloxan Hypoglycemia

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Evaluation of the acute and sub acute toxicity of Annona senegalensis root bark extracts

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第4期5卷 277-282页

作者： Theophine C Okoye peter a akah Adaobi C Ezike Maureen O Okoye Collins A Onyeto Frankline Ndukwu Ejike Ohaegbulam Lovelyn Ikele Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaNsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology.Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Nigeria.Nsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria

Objective:To investigate the safety profile of Annona senegalensis（***）.Methods: Dried powdered root-bark of *** was prepared by Sohxlet extraction using methanolmethylene chloride（1:1） solution and concentrated to obtain the methanol-methylene chloride extract（MME）.MME was fractionated to obtain the n-hexane（HF）,ethylacetate（EF） and methanol（MF） *** toxicity(LD50) test was performed with MME,HF,EF and MF in mice by oral *** sub acute toxicity studies were performed in rats after 14 days of MME administration while haemalological and biochemical parameters were ***: Medium lethal（LD-（50）） values of 1 296.3 808.1 265 and 2 154 mg/kg were obtained for the ***, HF and EF,*** sub-acute toxicity studies indicated a significant（P<0.05） increase in the body weight of both the treated rats and the *** haematological tests indicated no change in the packed cell volume values but a significant（P<0.05） increase in the total WBC count at 100 and 400 mg/kg *** differential analysis showed a decrease in the nutrophils and a non-significant increase in the lymphocyte *** liver transaminase enzymes, alanin transaminase and aspartate transaminase showed no significant increase compared to the *** examination of the liver sections also indicted no obvious signs of hepatotoxicity except with the 400 mg/kg dose that showed degeneration and necrosis of the ***:These results indicated that the root bark extracts of *** are safe at the lower doses tested,and calls for caution in use at higher doses in treatment.

关键词： Annona senegalensis Subacute toxicity Rats Hematology Histopathology

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Immune System and Body Defence Enhancement Effects of Oral Dihydroartemisinin in Wistar Albino Rats

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2014年第7期2卷 416-421页

作者： A. Utoh-Nedosa Uchechukwu A. akah peter Nedosa S. Kenechi Anowi F. Chinedu Adeyanju N.Oluwafemi NedosaV. Ikenna Onyekwelu N.A. Ojemudia Thiophilus Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria Evangelical Churches of West Africa Hospital (ECWA) Egbe Kogi State Nigeria Department of Pharmacognosy and Traditional Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Parasitology Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria Department of lndustrial Microbiology Federal University of Technology Owerri Imo State Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Nigerian Institute of Trypanosome Research Vom Plateau State Nigeria

Some drugs like clozapine, interferons and cyclosporine affect the number and function of white blood cells. This study examined the effect of oral dihydroartemisinin on the white blood cells; the lymph and intestinal glands of the intestinal wall and the open circulation of the spleen of Wistar albino rats. Five dosages of oral DHA （dihydroartemisinin）, 1, 2, 60 and 80 ms/ks were administered for 5 days or 7 days to 10 sets of 5 test rats weighing 104-106 grams. Equivalent doses of distilled water were given to 4 rats of similar weight and age to serve as controls in each of these tests. A group of five test and four control young adult albino rats which weighed 75-90 grams were given a repeated dose of the 1 ms/ks oral DHA with a rest period of 1 week between the two dosage regimens. The results of the study showed that oral dihydroartemisinin treatment produced highly statistically significant increases in the percentage neutrophil count （P 〈 0.01 ）; the percentage lymphocyte count （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.03）; the percentage monocyte count; the population of the cells of the intestinal glands and intestinal solitary and aggregated lymph glands; the number of the cells of the slow and open circulation of the spleen of the dihyrdroartemisinin-treated rats in comparism with the controls. These increases were dose, dose repetition and time dependent. The results suggest that oral dihydroartemisinin treatment had immune defence enhancement effects in the treated rats.

关键词： Immune system enhancement body defence oral dihydroartemisinin rats.

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An Interview with peter Deadman—Acupuncture Pioneer and Founder of The Journal of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 19-28页

作者： Ioannis Solos Charles Buck peter Deadman Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom British Acupuncture Council London W129HQthe United Kingdom The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine London WC1N 3GSthe United Kingdom

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by Charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).

关键词： Acupuncture Medicine herbal

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Experimental investigation on slip conditions during thread rolling with flat dies

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Friction 2024年第1期12卷 136-143页

作者： Stefan VOLZ peter GROCHE Institute for Production Engineering and Forming Machines Technical University DarmstadtOtto-Berndt Straße 2Darmstadt 64287Germany

The process design of flat die rolling operations can be a tedious and costly process due to the challenges posed by small process *** this work,an effort is made to closely investigate and understand the process limits caused by excessive slippage of the *** measurements are carried out to capture the characteristics of excessive slippage and the influence of the stroke rate and the tribological system on this process *** differences in slippage were observed,depending on the tribological *** systems with polymer based lubricants showed excessive slippage at low stroke rates,systems using oil or no lubricant endured higher stroke rates before process limits were *** optical measurements revealed three major forms of slippage:successful rolling without slippage,failure due to excessive slippage at process start,and failure due to excessive slippage at around one workpiece rotation.

关键词： rolling incremental forming thread rolling slippage profile rolling

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Skeletal muscle as a molecular and cellular biomarker of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:a narrative review

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 747-753页

作者： peter H.King Department of Neurology and Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics The University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center BirminghamALUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal multisystemic neurodegenerative disease with motor neurons being a primary *** progressive weakness is a hallmark feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,there is considerable heterogeneity,including clinical presentation,progression,and the underlying triggers for disease *** on longitudinal studies with families harboring amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated gene mutations,it has become apparent that overt disease is preceded by a prodromal phase,possibly in years,where compensatory mechanisms delay symptom *** 85-90%of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is sporadic,there is a strong need for identifying biomarkers that can detect this prodromal phase as motor neurons have limited capacity for *** Food and Drug Administration-approved therapies work by slowing the degenerative process and are most effective early in the *** muscle,including the neuromuscular junction,manifests abnormalities at the earliest stages of the disease,before motor neuron loss,making it a promising source for identifying biomarkers of the prodromal *** accessibility of muscle through biopsy provides a lens into the distal motor system at earlier stages and in real *** advent of“omics”technology has led to the identification of numerous dysregulated molecules in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle,ranging from coding and non-coding RNAs to proteins and *** technology has opened the door for identifying biomarkers of disease activity and providing insight into disease mechanisms.A major challenge is correlating the myriad of dysregulated molecules with clinical or histological progression and understanding their relevance to presymptomatic phases of *** are two major goals of this *** first is to summarize some of the biomarkers identified in human amyotrophic lateral sclerosis muscle that have a clinicopathological correlation with disease activi

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis biomarkers clinicopathological correlation disease progression muscle biomarkers neurogenic atrophy neuromuscular junction non-coding RNAs presymptomatic stages skeletal muscle SOD1G93A mouse model

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A product version of the Hilton-Milner-Frankl theorem

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第2期67卷 455-474页

作者： peter Frankl Jian Wang Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest H-1053Hungary Department of Mathematics Taiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan 030024China

Two families F and G of k-subsets of {1, 2,..., n} are called non-trivial cross t-intersecting if|F ∩ G|≥t for all F ∈ F, G ∈ G and | ∩ {F : F ∈ F}| < t, | ∩ {G : G ∈ G}| < t. In the present paper,we determine the maximum product of the sizes of two non-trivial cross t-intersecting families of k-subsets of{1, 2,..., n} for n≥4(t + 2)2k2, k≥5, which is a product version of the Hilton-Milner-Frankl theorem.

关键词： extremal set theory cross t-intersecting family product version non-trivial

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