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Cellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus:Is it predictable and preventable?

World Journal of Diabetes 2023年第11期14卷 1693-1709页

作者： pei-qi lim Yen-Ju Lai pei-Ying Ling Kuo-Hu Chen Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taiwan Adventist HospitalTaipei 105TaiwanChina School of Medicine George Washington UniversityWashingtonDC 20052United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Taipei Tzu-Chi General HospitalTaipei 231TaiwanChina

BACKGROUND In contrast to overt diabetes mellitus(DM),gestational DM(GDM)is defined as impaired glucose tolerance induced by pregnancy,which may arise from exaggerated physiologic changes in glucose *** prevalence is reported to be as high as 20%among pregnancies depending on the screening method,gestational age,and the population *** and fetal effects of uncontrolled GDM include stillbirth,macrosomia,neonatal diabetes,birth trauma,and subsequent postpartum ***,it is essential to find the potential target population and associated predictive and preventive measures for future intensive peripartum *** To review studies that explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms of GDM as well as predictive measures and prevention *** The search was performed in the Medline and PubMed databases using the terms“gestational diabetes mellitus,”“overt diabetes mellitus,”and“insulin resistance.”In the literature,only full-text articles were considered for inclusion(237 articles).Furthermore,articles published before 1997 and duplicate articles were *** a final review by two experts,all studies(1997-2023)included in the review met the search terms and search strategy(identification from the database,screening of the studies,selection of potential articles,and final inclusion).RESULTS Finally,a total of 79 articles were collected for *** risk factors for GDM included maternal obesity or overweight,pre-existing DM,and polycystic ovary *** pathophysiology of GDM involves genetic variants responsible for insulin secretion and glycemic control,pancreaticβcell depletion or dysfunction,aggravated insulin resistance due to failure in the plasma membrane translocation of glucose transporter 4,and the effects of chronic,low-grade ***,many antepartum measurements including adipokines(leptin),body mass ratio(waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio),and biomarkers(microRNA in extra

关键词： Gestational diabetes mellitus Overt diabetes mellitus Insulin resistance Diabetes mellitus

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Interface compatibility between sulfide solid electrolytes and Ni-rich oxide cathode materials:Factors,modification,perspectives

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 233-262页

作者： Tianwen Yang Haijuan pei Haijian Lv Shijie Lu qi Liu Daobin Mu Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering School of Materials Science an Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology State Key Laboratory of Space Power-Sources Technology Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources

All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs) assembled with sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs) and nickel(Ni)-rich oxide cathode materials are expected to achieve high energy density and safety,representing potential candidates for the next-generation energy storage ***,interfacial issues between SSEs and Nirich oxide cathode materials,attributed to space charge layer,interfacial side reactions,and mechanical contact failure,significantly restrict the performances of *** interface degradation is closely related to the components of the composite cathode and the process of electrode *** on the influencing factors of interface compatibility between SSEs and Ni-rich oxide cathode,this article systematically discusses how cathode active materials(CAMs),electrolytes,conductive additives,binders,and electrode fabrication impact the interface *** addition,the strategies for the compatibility modification are ***,the challenges and prospects of intensive research on the degradation and modification of the SSE/Ni-rich cathode material interface are *** review is intended to inspire the development of high-energy-density and high-safety all-solid-state batteries.

关键词： All–solid–state batteries Influencing factors Interface compatibility Ni–rich oxide cathode Sulfide solid electrolyte

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Assessing the possibility of using large language models in ocular surface diseases

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2025年第1期18卷 1-8页

作者： qian Ling Zi-Song Xu Yan-Mei Zeng qi Hong Xian-Zhe qian Jin-Yu Hu Chong-Gang pei Hong Wei Jie Zou Cheng Chen Xiao-Yu Wang Xu Chen Zhen-Kai Wu Yi Shao Department of Ophthalmology the First Affiliated HospitalJiangxi Medical CollegeNanchang UniversityNanchang 330006Jiangxi ProvinceChina Ophthalmology Centre of Maastricht University Maastricht 6200MSLimburgNetherlands Changde Hospital Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South University(the First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Changde 415000Hunan ProvinceChina Department of Ophthalmology Shanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineNational Clinical Research Center for Eye DiseasesShanghai 200080China

AIM:To assess the possibility of using different large language models(LLMs)in ocular surface diseases by selecting five different LLMS to test their accuracy in answering specialized questions related to ocular surface diseases:ChatGPT-4,ChatGPT-3.5,Claude 2,PaLM2,and ***:A group of experienced ophthalmology professors were asked to develop a 100-question singlechoice question on ocular surface diseases designed to assess the performance of LLMs and human participants in answering ophthalmology specialty exam *** exam includes questions on the following topics:keratitis disease(20 questions),keratoconus,keratomalaciac,corneal dystrophy,corneal degeneration,erosive corneal ulcers,and corneal lesions associated with systemic diseases(20 questions),conjunctivitis disease(20 questions),trachoma,pterygoid and conjunctival tumor diseases(20 questions),and dry eye disease(20 questions).Then the total score of each LLMs and compared their mean score,mean correlation,variance,and confidence were ***:GPT-4 exhibited the highest performance in terms of *** the average scores of the LLMs group with the four human groups,chief physician,attending physician,regular trainee,and graduate student,it was found that except for ChatGPT-4,the total score of the rest of the LLMs is lower than that of the graduate student group,which had the lowest score in the human *** ChatGPT-4 and PaLM2 were more likely to give exact and correct answers,giving very little chance of an incorrect ***-4 showed higher credibility when answering questions,with a success rate of 59%,but gave the wrong answer to the question 28% of the ***:GPT-4 model exhibits excellent performance in both answer relevance and ***2 shows a positive correlation(up to 0.8)in terms of answer accuracy during the *** terms of answer confidence,PaLM2 is second only to GPT4 and surpasses Claude 2,SenseNova,and *** the fact t

关键词： ChatGPT-4.0 ChatGPT-3.5 large language models ocular surface diseases

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Dl-3-n-butylphthalide ameliorates diabetic foot ulcer by inhibiting apoptosis and promoting angiogenesis

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World Journal of Diabetes 2025年第4期16卷 252-269页

作者： Wu-Han Wei Yuan-Ling Bai Dong Zhu Jing-Yu Zhang qi-Chuan Yin qiang Li Cai-qi Shen pei-Sheng Jin The First Clinical Medical College Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221004Jiangsu ProvinceChina Plastic Surgery Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100144China Department of Plastic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou 221006Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers(DFU)are estimated to affect about 18.6 million people worldwide *** pathogenesis of DFU is complex,and the available drugs are not ***-3-n-butylphthalide(NBP)is a synthetic mixture of racemates used in China for the treatment of ischemic *** was initially isolated from the seeds of Apium graveolens Linn,with studies showing its potential role in treating diabetes and its *** To predict and validate the mechanism by which NBP treats *** Network pharmacological analysis was performed to identify pharmacological targets and signaling pathways mediating the treatment effect of NBP on *** vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to validate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of NBP on *** Network pharmacology analysis identified 26 pharmacological targets of NBP and predicted that NBP could treat DFU partially by modulating apoptosis and vascular signaling *** from animal experiments showed that NBP significantly improved DFU by increasing neovascularization and fibroblast *** vitro tests demonstrated that NBP treatment promoted the migration and proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and human dermal fibroblasts,while inhibiting the apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells,human dermal fibroblasts,and human keratinocytes *** This study found that NBP could treat DFU by decreasing the rate of apoptosis and increasing angiogenesis via the advanced glycation end products-receptor of advanced glycation end products signaling pathway and binding to the heme oxygenase 1,caspase 3,B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2,brain derived neurotrophic factor,and nuclear factor erythroid 2 L2 genes.

关键词： Dl-3-n-butylphthalide Diabetic foot ulcer Network pharmacology Angiogenesis Apoptosis

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Synthesis of chiral phosphine derivatives through a copper（I）-catalyzed desymmetric SNAr reaction

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Shuai Zhang pei-Zhi Liu Yan-Bo Li qi Zhang Jun-Zhao Xiao Yi-Fan Wang Tian-Yu Wei Jia-Wei Jiang Ye Wang qian Peng Liang Yin Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Nitrogen Chemistry and Advanced Materials Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition College of Chemistry Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter Nankai University Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations

Axially chiral phosphines are a class of extremely important ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Herein, an unprecedented copper（I）-catalyzed asymmetric SNAr reaction with HP（S）R2is uncovered, which delivers a series of axially chiral phosphine derivatives in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, the diastereoselective reaction with the kinetic resolution of racemic HP（S）ArR proceeds smoothly, providing the products with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselectivity. Control experiments indicate that HP（S）Ph2is much more active than HPPh2and HP（O）Ph2as the pronucleophile in the present reaction. It is found that the SNAr reaction （the first SNAr） proceeds in a desymmetric manner, providing the desired chiral products while a continued SNAr reaction （the second SNAr） slightly occurs in a kinetic resolution manner in the present catalytic system, which enhances the ee of the desired chiral products. DFTcalculations support a concerted reaction pathway rather than a step-wise mechanism. Finally, axially chiral olefin-phosphines produced by the present method work as suitable ligands in Pdcatalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution with C-, N-, and O-nucleophiles and Rh-catalyzed asymmetric addition of arylboronic acid to benzil.

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基于D-Wave Advantage的量子计算实用化SPN结构对称密码攻击研究

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计算机学报 2025年第1期48卷 234-248页

作者：裴植洪春雷王启迪胡巧云王潮上海大学特种光纤与光接入网重点实验室上海200444

截至2023年,谷歌的量子霸权芯片Sycamore尚不能用于密码攻击。量子计算在理论上对公钥密码有致命性威胁,但对对称密码影响甚微,目前业内已经从缩减版密码算法开始积极探索对称密码的量子攻击。SPN结构是对称密码算法中的一种代表性结构... 详细信息

截至2023年,谷歌的量子霸权芯片Sycamore尚不能用于密码攻击。量子计算在理论上对公钥密码有致命性威胁,但对对称密码影响甚微,目前业内已经从缩减版密码算法开始积极探索对称密码的量子攻击。SPN结构是对称密码算法中的一种代表性结构,目前基于真实量子计算机的各类量子算法均未能对该结构未经缩减的全规模密码算法进行攻击。基于量子退火算法独有的隧穿效应,使得该算法有利于科学问题的指数级解空间搜索,可将其视为一类具有全局寻优能力的人工智能算法。受传统密码分析方法的影响,本文提出一种对称密码攻击架构:量子退火耦合传统数学方法密码攻击的新型计算架构——QuCMC(Quantum Annealing-Classical Mixed Cryptanalysis)。基于该架构,首先利用可分性刻画SPN结构对称密码算法的线性层和非线性层传播规律,将区分器搜索问题转化为MILP模型求解问题。进一步将MILP模型转化为D-Wave CQM模型,在求解该模型的过程中利用量子波动产生的量子隧穿效应跳出传统智能算法极易陷入的局部亚优解,获得更优的解,即攻击目标对称密码算法的积分区分器。本文使用D-Wave Advantage量子计算机攻击了PRESENT、GIFT-64、RECTANGLE三种SPN结构代表算法,均成功搜索到最长9轮的积分区分器。并且实验结果表明,量子退火算法在跳出局部亚优解能力与降低求解时间两个方面,均优于经典启发式全局寻优算法模拟退火。本研究首次成功利用真实量子计算机对多种全规模SPN结构对称密码算法完成了攻击,攻击效果与传统数学方法持平。

关键词：对称密码量子计算量子退火 D-Wave量子计算机量子隧穿效应

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五指毛桃化学成分、指纹图谱及药理作用的国内研究进展

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仲恺农业工程学院学报 2025年第1期38卷 60-64,71页

作者：李琦裴河欢桂林市食品药品检验所广西桂林541012 钦州市中医医院广西钦州535000

五指毛桃药用历史悠久,早在清代便有记载.现代,五指毛桃在健脾益气、止咳、抑菌抗炎、抗氧化等药理方面的研究成果不断涌现.随着指纹图谱在中药领域的广泛应用,建立五指毛桃谱效关系,可确立五指毛桃与药效相对应且能反映其内在质量的评... 详细信息

五指毛桃药用历史悠久,早在清代便有记载.现代,五指毛桃在健脾益气、止咳、抑菌抗炎、抗氧化等药理方面的研究成果不断涌现.随着指纹图谱在中药领域的广泛应用,建立五指毛桃谱效关系,可确立五指毛桃与药效相对应且能反映其内在质量的评价模式.文章就十多年来国内有关五指毛桃化学成分、指纹图谱及药理作用的研究作一综述,为今后五指毛桃的应用提供参考.

关键词：五指毛桃化学成分指纹图谱药理作用

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Distinct ultrafast dynamics of bilayer and trilayer nickelate superconductors regarding the density-wave-like transitions

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Science Bulletin 2025年第2期70卷 180-186页

作者： Yidian Li Yantao Cao Liangyang Liu Pai Peng Hao Lin Cuiying pei Mingxin Zhang Heng Wu Xian Du Wenxuan Zhao Kaiyi Zhai Xuefeng Zhang Jinkui Zhao Miaoling Lin Pingheng Tan Yanpeng qi Gang Li Hanjie Guo Luyi Yang Lexian Yang State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University and CAS-Shanghai Science Research CenterShanghai 201210China State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics Shanghai 200031China Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing 100084China

In addition to the pressurized high-temperature superconductivity,bilayer and trilayer nickelate superconductors La_(n+1)Ni_nO_(3n+1)(n=2 and 3)exhibit many intriguing properties at ambient pressure,such as orbital-dependent electronic correlation,non-Fermi liquid behavior,and density-wave ***,using ultrafast reflectivity measurement,we observe a drastic difference between the ultrafast dynamics of the bilayer and trilayer nickelates at ambient *** observe a coherent phonon mode in La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10)involving the collective vibration of La,Ni,and O atoms,which is absent in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7).Temperature-dependent relaxation time diverges near the density-wave transition temperature of La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10),while it is inversely proportional to the temperature in La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)above~150 K,suggesting a non-Fermi liquid behavior of La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7).Moreover,we estimate the electron–phonon coupling constants to be 0.05–0.07 and 0.12–0.16 for La_(3)Ni_(2)O_(7)and La_(4)Ni_(3)O_(10),respectively,suggesting a relatively minor role of electron–phonon coupling in the electronic properties of La_(n+1)Ni_nO_(3n+1)at ambient *** relevant microscopic interaction and dynamic information are essential for further studying the interplay between superconductivity and density-wave transitions in nickelate superconductors.

关键词： Nickelate superconductors Density-wave state Ultrafast dynamics Electron-phonon coupling Coherent phonon

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长期运行厌氧氨氧化系统沿程不同形态污泥微生物群落结构及功能解析

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中国环境科学 2025年第2期45卷 1052-1062页

作者：闫冰聂含冰付嘉琦韩佩易其臻桂双林夏嵩江西省科学院能源研究所江西南昌330096 温室气体核算与碳减排江西省重点实验室江西南昌330096 江西省碳中和研究中心江西南昌330096

为深入理解厌氧氨氧化系统沿程微生物群落特征,考察了长期运行的升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)厌氧氨氧化系统沿程方向上不同形态污泥微生物群落多样性、结构、物种网络及功能特征.结果表明,厌氧氨氧化系统沿程方向上不同形态污泥An AOB基因... 详细信息

为深入理解厌氧氨氧化系统沿程微生物群落特征,考察了长期运行的升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)厌氧氨氧化系统沿程方向上不同形态污泥微生物群落多样性、结构、物种网络及功能特征.结果表明,厌氧氨氧化系统沿程方向上不同形态污泥An AOB基因丰度存在显著差异(P1%)为绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetota)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)和放线菌门(Actinobacteriota),相对丰度排名前10的菌属为norank_f__norank_o__SBR1031、Candidatus_Kuenenia、norank_f__Anaerolineaceae、Nitrosomonas、limnobacter、norank_f__PHOS-HE36、Denitratisoma、Denitratisoma和OLB13norank_f__A4b,相对丰度在不同样品间存在显著差异(P<0.05);沿程方向不同形态污泥微生物群落结构间存在显著差异(P=0.001).网络分析发现,不同形态污泥微生物网络结构和拓扑性质存在差异,其中沉淀池内絮状泥(CD)、出水管内生物膜(XK)的平均度和中心紧密度高于沿程其他样品,微生物群落间具有更紧密的关联性.PICRUSt2分析发现,与代谢相关的通路功能基因丰度明显大于其他功能基因丰度,并且沿程不同形态污泥间代谢功能基因丰度存在显著差异(P<0.05),氮素代谢功能基因hao相对丰度远高于norB,同时narG基因丰度是nirS丰度的20.8~733.9倍,系统内部分亚硝化和部分反硝化功能活跃.厌氧氨氧化系统沿程方向上不同形态污泥微生物群落存在明显的异质性特征,但未呈现出明显的规律性.

关键词：厌氧氨氧化污泥形态微生物群落共生网络 PICRUSt2软件

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基于海洋环境电磁资料的节点约束遗传算法反演流速剖面

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中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版) 2025年第2期55卷 78-88页

作者：裴建新王琪陈家林吉芙蓉中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院山东青岛266100 中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室山东青岛266100 中国海洋大学工程学院山东青岛266100

海水运动切割地磁场产生的感应电磁场,是海洋环境电磁场的重要组成部分。为了丰富海洋动力环境参数求取方法,并进一步验证实际海洋环境电磁场观测结果的可靠性,本文以模拟磁场与实测磁场的差值构建目标函数,提出基于垂向阵列节点观测值... 详细信息

海水运动切割地磁场产生的感应电磁场,是海洋环境电磁场的重要组成部分。为了丰富海洋动力环境参数求取方法,并进一步验证实际海洋环境电磁场观测结果的可靠性,本文以模拟磁场与实测磁场的差值构建目标函数,提出基于垂向阵列节点观测值约束遗传算法实现由海水运动感应电磁场反演流速剖面的方法。根据南海实际流速观测资料构建海水运动模型,反演测试结果表明,节点约束下的反演流速与模型流速有较高的相关性和较好的抗噪性能。对南海实测海洋环境电磁资料的反演结果表明,反演流速剖面与ADCP观测资料在总体变化趋势和细节刻画方面均表现出较好的一致性,验证了该反演方法具有较好的实际应用价值。

关键词：海洋环境电磁场遗传算法节点约束流速反演

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