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Comparative analysis of the gut microbiota of wild adult rats from nine district areas in Hainan,China

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第22期29卷 3469-3481页

作者： Li-Na Niu Guan-Nan Zhang Duan-Duan Xuan Chong Lin Zi Lu pei-pei cao Shao-Wen Chen Yong Zhang Xiu-Ji Cui Shou-Kui Hu Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina Department of Pathogen Biology Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 571199Hainan ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory Xinxiang First People's HospitalXinxiang 453000Henan ProvinceChina Department of Laboratory The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570311Hainan ProvinceChina Department of Clinical Laboratory Peking University Shougang HospitalBeijing 100144China

BACKGROUND Wild rats have the potential to hold zoonotic infectious agents that can spread to humans and cause *** To better understand the composition of gut bacterial communities in rats is essential for preventing and treating such *** a tropical island located in the south of China,Hainan province has abundant rat ***,we examined the gut bacterial composition in wild adult rats from Hainan *** Fresh fecal samples were collected from 162 wild adult rats,including three species(Rattus norvegicus,Leopoldamys edwardsi,and Rattus losea),from nine regions of Hainan province between *** We analyzed the composition of gut microbiota using the 16S rRNA gene amplicon *** identified 4903 bacterial operational taxonomic units(30 phyla,175 families,and 498 genera),which vary between samples of different rat species in various habitats at various times of the *** general,Firmicutes were the most abundant phyla,followed by Bacteroidetes(15.55%),Proteobacteria(6.13%),and Actinobacteria(4.02%).The genus Lactobacillus(20.08%),unidentified_Clostridiales(5.16%),Romboutsia(4.33%),unidentified_Ruminococcaceae(3.83%),Bacteroides(3.66%),Helicobacter(2.40%)and Streptococcus(2.37%)were *** The composition and abundance of the gut microbial communities varied between rat species and *** work provides fundamental information to identify microbial communities useful for disease control in Hainan province.

关键词： Hainan Rat Fecal microbiome Microbial community 16S rRNA

A prompt-based approach to adversarial example generation and robustness enhancement

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第4期18卷 85-96页

作者： Yuting YANG pei HUANG Juan cao Jintao LI Yun LIN Feifei MA Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) Institute of Computing TechnologyCASBeijing 100190China School of Computer Science and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityCA 94305USA School of Computing National University of SingaporeSingapore 119077Singapore Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of SoftwareChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

Recent years have seen the wide application of natural language processing(NLP)models in crucial areas such as finance,medical treatment,and news media,raising concerns about the model robustness and *** find that prompt paradigm can probe special robust defects of pre-trained language *** prompt texts are first constructed for inputs and a pre-trained language model can generate adversarial examples for victim models via *** results show that prompt paradigm can efficiently generate more diverse adversarial examples besides synonym ***,we propose a novel robust training approach based on prompt paradigm which incorporates prompt texts as the alternatives to adversarial examples and enhances robustness under a lightweight minimax-style optimization *** on three real-world tasks and two deep neural models show that our approach can significantly improve the robustness of models to resist adversarial attacks.

关键词： robustness adversarial example prompt learning pre-trained language model

Dynamic asymmetric mechanical responsive carbon nanotube fiber for ionic logic gate

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 249-253页

作者： pei cao Yilan Wang Lejian Yu Miao Wang Liming Zhao Xu Hou State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province(IKKEM) Xiamen 361005China The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Fujian Province Department of BiomaterialsResearch Center of Biomedical Engineering of XiamenCollege of MaterialsXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Advanced Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-BionicsChinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou 215123China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft MatterFujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials ResearchJiujiang Research InstituteCollege of Physical Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Engineering Research Center of Electrochemical Technologies of Ministry of Education Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Inspired by biological ion channels,numerous artificial asymmetric ion channels have been synthesized to facilitate the fabrication of ionic ***,the creation of biomimetic asymmetric ion channels necessitates expensive scientific apparatus and intricate material processing procedures,which constrains its advancement within the realm of ionic *** this study,we have devised dynamic asymmetric ion channels with mechanical responsiveness by combining polymers of varying elastic modulus along the longitudinal axis of carbon nanotube fiber(CNTF).The ion rectification can be modulated via the disparate response of CNTF-based ion channels to mechanical *** have effectively employed these asymmetric ion channels with mechanical sensitivity in the design of a logic gate device,achieving logic operations such as“AND”and“OR”.The conception of these dynamic asymmetric ion channels with mechanical sensitivity offers a straightforward,cost-effective,and versatile approach for generating ion channels,highlighting their potential application in intricate,highly integrated ionic circuits.

关键词： Carbon nanotubes fibers Mechanical response Rectification effect Ionic logic gate

Geological Context of the SLIM Landing Site

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年第2期35卷 708-711页

作者： Yichen Wang Zhiyong Xiao pei Ma Hanxing Ouyang Wei cao Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Hefei 230026China Planetary Science Institute School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeoscienceWuhan 430074China

INTRODUCTION Japan’s first successful lunar landing mission,Smart Lander for Investigating Moon(SLIM),was landed on the Moon on January 19th,*** made a precise landing within 100 m of the targeted landing zone(central coordinates 13.316°S,25.251°E),which is located around the Shioli crater(D=270 m,central coordinates as 13.33°S,25.23°E)in the southwestern ejecta of the Theophilus crater(D=98.6 km,central coordinates as 11.45°S,26.28°E).

关键词： southwestern coordinates SLIM

Prediction of chemical short-range order in high-/medium-entropy alloys

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 115-123页

作者： pei-Yu cao Jing Wang Ping Jiang Yun-Jiang Wang Fu-Ping Yuan Xiao-Lei Wu State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Chemical short-range orders(CSROs),as the built-in sub-nanoscale entities in a high-/medium-entropy alloy(H/MEA),have aroused an ever-increasing *** multi-principal elements in an H/MEA to form a complex concentrated solution,a variety of sub-systems of species exist to induce the metastable ordered compounds as candidates for ultimate *** issues remain pending on the origin of CSROs as to how to judge if CSRO will form in an H/MEA and particularly,what kind of CSROs would be stably produced if there were multiple ***,the first-principles method,along with the proposed local formation energy calculation in allusion to the atomic-scale chemical heterogeneities,is used to predict the CSRO formation based on the mechanical stability,thermodynamic formation energy,and electronic *** simulations are detailed in an equiatomic ternary VCoNi MEA with three kinds of potential compounds,i.e.,L1_(1),L1_(2),and B2,in the face-centered cubic *** turns out that L1_(1)is stable but hard to grow up so as to become the final CSRO.L1_(1)is further predicted as CSROs in CrCoNi,but unable to form in FeCoNi and CrMnFeCoNi *** predictions are consistent with the experimental *** findings shed light on understanding the formation of *** method is applicable to other H/MEAs to design and tailor CSROs by tuning chemical species/contents and thermal processing for high performance.

关键词： Short-range order High-entropy alloy Microstructure First-principles calculation Gibbs free energy Local electronic density of states

Very Short-Term Forecasting of Distributed PV Power Using GSTANN

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第4期10卷 1491-1501页

作者： Tiechui Yao Jue Wang Yangang Wang pei Zhang Haizhou cao Xuebin Chi Min Shi Computer Network Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190China School of Electrical Engineering Beijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co. Ltd.Shijiazhuang 050000China

Photovoltaic(PV)power forecasting is essential for secure operation of a power *** prediction of PV power can improve new energy consumption capacity,help power system planning,promote development of smart grids,and ultimately support construction of smart energy ***,different from centralized PV power forecasts,three critical challenges are encountered in distributed PV power forecasting:1)lack of on-site meteorological observation,2)leveraging extraneous data to enhance forecasting performance,3)spatial-temporal modelling methods of meteorological information around the distributed PV *** address these issues,we propose a Graph Spatial-Temporal Attention Neural Network(GSTANN)to predict the very short-term power of distributed ***,we use satellite remote sensing data covering a specific geographical area to supplement meteorological information for all PV ***,we apply the graph convolution block to model the non-Euclidean local and global spatial dependence and design an attention mechanism to simultaneously derive temporal and spatial ***,we propose a data fusion module to solve the time misalignment between satellite remote sensing data and surrounding measured on-site data and design a power approximation block to map the conversion from solar irradiance to PV *** conducted with real-world case study datasets demonstrate that the prediction performance of GSTANN outperforms five state-of-the-art baselines.

关键词： Distributed photovoltaic power forecasting graph convolutional networks satellite images spatial-temporal attention

Screened peptides from one-bead one-compound technique extend half-life of peptide drugs in circulation through binding to albumin

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第3期35卷 384-388页

作者： Yi-Jing Li Lingze Zhang Ming-Hao Pang pei-pei Yang Lu-Ming Guo Kuo Zhang Da-Yong Hou Lei Wang Hao Wang Hui cao State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials NanosafetyNational Center for Nanoscience and Technology(NCNST)Beijing 100190China

Peptide drugs are known for their high biological ***,compared with small molecule drugs,peptide drugs are easily oxidized and hydrolyzed as well as short in ***,inspired by the long circulation of albumin in blood,we screened albumin binding peptides(ABPs)from a one-bead one-compound(OBOC)peptide library to increase the half-life of peptide *** displaying random peptides were screened using fluorescent labeled human serum *** beads with specific binding to albumin were isolated for *** selected ABPs can effectively bind to albumin,thus possessing the long circulation of *** dissociation constant(K_(D))of ABPs to albumin is up to 1×10^(-8)mol/*** one of ABPs(ABP2)was coupled to triptorelin,the circulation half-life of triptorelin in mice was significantly prolonged to 263.50 h much longer than that of triptorelin alone(179.07 h).In addition,the combination therapy using ABP-conjugated triptorelin and doxorubicin(DOX)can effectively inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells in *** OBOC screening strategy and resulting ABPs showed great potential for enhancing the delivery efficiency of peptide drugs.

关键词： One-bead one-compound Combinatorial library Albumin binding Drug delivery Triptorelin

Influence of Size of Hematite Powder on Its Reduction Kinetics by H_2 at Low Temperature

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2009年第5期16卷 7-11页

作者： PANG Jian-ming GUO pei-min ZHAO pei cao Chao-zhen ZHANG Dian-wei The State Key Laboratory for Advanced Iron and Steel Processes and Materials Central Iron and Steel Research Institute Beijing 100081 China

The reduction kinetics and mechanisms of hematite ore with various particle sizes with hydrogen at low temperature were studied using the thermogravimetric analysis. At the same temperature, after the particle size of powder decreases from 107. 5μm to 2. 0 μm, the surface area of the powder and the contact area between the powder and gas increase, which makes the reduction process of hematite accelerate by about 8 times, and the apparent activation energy of the reduction reaction drops to 36.9 kJ/mol from 78. 3 kJ/mol because the activity of ore powder is improved by refining gradually. With the same reaction rate, the reaction temperature of 6.5 μm powder decreases by about 80 ℃ compared with that of 107. 5 μm powder. Thinner diffusion layer can also accelerate the reaction owing to powder refining. The higher the temperature, the greater is the peak of the reduction rate; at the same temperature, the greater the particle size, the smaller is the peak value of the reduction rate; both inner diffusion and interface chemical reaction play an important role in the whole reaction process.

关键词： iron oxide low temperature reduction kinetics thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), reduction mechanism

Release behavior and kinetic evaluation of berberine hydrochloride from ethyl cellulose/chitosan microspheres

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2014年第4期8卷 373-382页

作者： Hui-Yun ZHOU pei-pei cao Jie ZHAO Zhi-Ying WANG Jun-Bo LI Fa-Liang ZHANG Chemical Engineering & Pharmaceutics College Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471023 China

Novel ethyl cellulose/chitosan microspheres （ECCMs） were prepared by the method of w/o/w emulsion and solvent evaporation. The microspheres were spherical, adhesive, and aggregated loosely with a size not bigger than 5 pm. The drug loading efficiency of berberine hydrochloride （BH） loaded in microspheres were affected by chitosan （CS） concentration, EC concentration and the volume ratio of V（CS）/V（EC）. ECCMs prepared had sustained release efficiency on BH which was changed with different preparation parameters. In addition, the pH value of release media had obvious effect on the release character of ECCMs. The release rate of BH from sample B was only a little more than 30% in diluted hydrochloric acid （dHCl） and that was almost 90% in PBS during 24 h. Furthermore, the drug release data were fitted to different kinetic models to analyze the release kinetics and the mechanism from the microspheres. The released results of BH indicated that ECCMs exhibited non-Fickian diffusion mechanism in dHCI and diffusion-controlled drug release based on Fickian diffusion in PBS. So the ECCMs might be an ideal sustained release system especially in dHCl and the drug release was governed by both diffusion of the drug and dissolution of the polymeric network.

关键词： ethyl cellulose (EC) chitosan (CS) microsphere release in vitro releasekinetics