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Modelling fuel loads of understorey vegetation and forest floor components in pine stands in NW Spain

Forest Ecosystems 2022年第6期9卷 775-789页

作者： Jose A.vega Stefano Arellano-Perez Juan Gabriel Alvarez-Gonzalez Cristina Fernandez Enrique Jimenez pedro Cuinas Jose María Fernandez-Alonso Daniel J.vega-Nieva Fernando Castedo-Dorado Cecilia Alonso-Rego Teresa Fontúrbel Ana Daría Ruiz-Gonzalez Centro de Investigacion Forestal de Lourizan PO Box 12736080PontevedraSpain Unidad de Gestion Ambiental y Forestal Sostenible(UXAFORES) Departamento de Ingeniería AgroforestalEscuela Politecnica Superior de IngenieríaUniversidad de Santiago de CompostelaCampus Universitario s/n27002LugoSpain Facultad de Ciencias Forestales Universidad Juarez del Estado de DurangoRío Papaloapan y Blvd.Durango s/nCol.Valle del Sur34120DurangoMexico Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias Universidad de LeonCampus de Ponferrada24401PonferradaSpain

In this study,310 destructively sampled plots were used to develop two equation systems for the three main pine species in NW Spain(***;*** and ***):one for estimating loads of understorey fuel components by size and condition(live and dead)and another one for forest floor *** systems of equations were simultaneously fitted for estimating fuel loads using overstorey,understorey and forest floor variables as *** systems of equations included both the effect of pine species and the effect of understorey compositions dominated by ferns-brambles or by woody species,due to their obvious structural and physiological *** general,the goodness-of-fit statistics indicated that the estimates were reasonably robust and accurate for all of the fuel *** best results were obtained for total understorey vegetation,total forest floor and raw humus fuel loads,with more than 76%of the observed variability explained,whereas the poorest results were obtained for coarse fuel loads of understory vegetation with a 53%of observed variability *** reduce the overall costs associated with the field inventories necessary for operational use of the models,the additive systems were fitted again using only overstorey variables as potential *** relationships for fine(vegetation and total forest floor fuel loads were obtained,indicating the complexity of the forest overstorey-understorey and overstorey-forest floor ***,these models explained around 52%of the observed ***,equations estimating the total understorey vegetation and the total forest floor fuel loads based only on canopy cover were *** models explained only 26%-32%of the observed variability;however,their main advantage is that although understorey vegetation in forested landscapes is largely invisible to remote sensing,canopy cover can be estimated with moderate accuracy,allowin

关键词： Area-based approach Additive equation systems Live and dead fine fuel Pinus pinaster Pinus radiata Pinus sylvestris

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Carotid body tumours resection with ultrasound dissector

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第3期126卷 586-588页

作者： Joana Ferreira Alexandra Canedo Sandrina Braga Jogo vasconcelos Ricardo Gouveia victor Martins pedro Brandāo António vaz vascular Surgery Department Hospital Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Santa Maria da Feira Portugal (Ferreira J Canedo A Braga S Vasconcelos J Gouveia R Martins V Brandǎo P and Vaz A)不详

Carotid body tumour （CBT） is a rare neoplasm arising from para^an^lion cells of the carotid body.1 Sureical resection of the CBT is considered the primary treatment option, and the only one which can allow a definitive cure.^1-3 The resection is particularly difficult because the tumour is adherent to the carotid adventitia, is highly vascularized, often involves the cranial nerves, and is in a limited field for exposure, consequently, the intervention is associated with high morbidity due to risk of nervous injuries, stroke, was well as hemorrhage shock.^1-3

关键词： carotid body tumour ultrasound dissector advantages

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水平横向同性介质中P波数据时差反演

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石油物探译丛 2000年第3期 1-13页

作者： pedro Contreras 朱成宏中国石化新星公司石油物探研究所南京210014

具有水平对称轴的横向均匀介质模型(HTI介质)在裂缝油气藏的地震学研究中得到了广泛的应用。在本文中,最初由Grechka和Tsvankin针对较一般的正交各向异性介质所发展起来的一种参数估算技术被应用到了水平各向同性介质。我们的方法以来... 详细信息

具有水平对称轴的横向均匀介质模型(HTI介质)在裂缝油气藏的地震学研究中得到了广泛的应用。在本文中,最初由Grechka和Tsvankin针对较一般的正交各向异性介质所发展起来的一种参数估算技术被应用到了水平各向同性介质。我们的方法以来自水平和倾斜反射层的方位相关P波动校(NMO)速度的反演为基础。如果把某一反射层的NMO速度在每一方位上点出来,那么它将形成一个由介质参数的三种组合所确定的椭圆。在HTI介质中来自一水平反射层的NMO椭圆可以反演对称轴的方位β、垂直速度v_(po)和Thomsen型式的各向异性参数δ^((v))。我们描述一种由与任意方位倾斜层相对应的NMO椭圆获得其余(对应P波)各向异性参数η^((v))(或∈^((v)))的技术。垂向非均匀的HTI介质的层间参数用广义Dix等式恢复,广义Dix等式对水平和倾斜层位的NMO椭圆操作。该方法的高精度已被对一个合成多方位P波资料的反演所证实,P波数据集由对一组对称轴方位随深度变化的层状HTI介质的射线追踪产生。虽然对η^((v))的估计可以用针对正交各向异性介质发展起来的算法进行,但是,为了得到更稳定的结果,必须从反演过程的开始就运用HTI模型。应当强调的是,P波常规偏移距的时差数据提供了区分HTI和低对称模型的足够信息。指出如果介质具有正交对称性且充分?

关键词： HTI介质时差反演 P波时差地震勘探油气藏

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G蛋白激酶4γA142v转基因小鼠血压升高的机制探讨

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中华心血管病杂志 2006年第5期34卷 411-414页

作者：曾春雨王铮杨志伟何多芬杨成明 Laureano D.Asico Robin A.Felder pedro A.Jose 第三军医大学大坪医院心内科心血管病研究室重庆400042 Department of Pediatrics Georgetown University Medical CenterWashingtonDCUSA 中国医学科学院实验动物研究所遗传中心 Department of Pathology University of Virginia Health SciencesVAUSA

目的探讨G蛋白激酶(GRK)4γ变异体A142v转基因小鼠血压升高的原因,以期了解GRK4γ在调控血压中的作用。方法以GRK4γA142v转基因小鼠为研究对象,分别对其血压、肾脏尿钠排泄功能、D1多巴胺受体的表达进行测定;并应用GRK4反义核苷酸技术... 详细信息

目的探讨G蛋白激酶(GRK)4γ变异体A142v转基因小鼠血压升高的原因,以期了解GRK4γ在调控血压中的作用。方法以GRK4γA142v转基因小鼠为研究对象,分别对其血压、肾脏尿钠排泄功能、D1多巴胺受体的表达进行测定;并应用GRK4反义核苷酸技术处理HK-2细胞,研究在GRK4表达受到抑制的情况下D1受体的表达变化。结果与对照小鼠相比,GRK4γA142v转基因小鼠血压明显增高,肾脏D1受体介导的利尿、利钠作用明显下降,伴有肾脏皮质膜D1受体表达降低(0.6±0.2比1.5±0.2,n=3)、磷酸化程度增高[(65±7)DU比(35±7)DU,n=3];反义核苷酸抑制GRK4(1.2±0.1比1.3±0.1比0.6±0.1,n=6)表达后,D1受体的表达量增高(0.7±0.1比0.8±0.1比1.5±0.2,n=6),说明D1受体功能下降是GRK4γA142v转基因小鼠血压升高的原因。结论GRK4γ与高血压的发生关系密切,GRK4γA142v转基因小鼠血压升高与肾脏D1受体功能下降有关。

关键词：高血压蛋白激酶类受体多巴胺小鼠转基因

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Growth of Four varieties of Coffea arabica L. Biofertilized with Rhizophagus intraradices and Azospirillum brasilense in Nursery

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第5期14卷 552-568页

作者： Zoila C. Anzueto-Herón Juan F. Aguirre-Medina Juan F. Aguirre-Cadena Cadena-Iñiguez pedro Faculty of Agronomic Sciences—Campus v Autonomous University of Chiapas Villaflores México Faculty of Agricultural Sciences—Campus Iv Autonomous University of Chiapas Huehuetán México Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas y Pecuarias Campo Experimental Centro Chiapas Ocozocoautla México

Coffee production has decreased due to environmental and management factors. The current plantations are old and unproductive, also due to the rust problem, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix Berk & Br. Furthermore, the shade in the production systems has decreased with the consequent increase in soil erosion, in addition to the increase in agrochemicals. Currently, the planting of new varieties with resistance to the fungus is increasing. Furthermore, it has been shown that various biofertilized perennial crops in nursery favor their growth. In this study, the effect of applying two beneficial microorganisms, Rhizophagus intraradices and/or Azospirillum brasilense, to the planting of four varieties of Coffea arabica L. was evaluated. The coffee varieties marseillase, geisha, sarchimor and costa rica 95 were established in bags with the following treatments: 1) control, 2) R. intraradices, 3) A. brasilense, 4) R. intraradices + A. brasilense. Morphological and physiological yield components were recorded 168 days after transplanting. Data was analyzed statistically and differences between treatments were compared according to Tukey (p ≤ 0.05). The results indicate that individual or combined biofertilization of microorganisms favors dry matter allocation compared to the control and the same is differentially assigned to the stem and root. The Specific Leaf Area (SLA) also showed differential response between applications of the microorganisms, in two varieties it increased when they were applied alone and in the others when they were applied together.

关键词： Rhizophagus intraradices Azospirillum brasilense Coffee varieties

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Using lysosomal membrane stability of haemocytes in Ruditapes philippinarum as a biomarker of cellular stress to assess contamination by caffeine, ibuprofen, carbamazepine and novobiocin

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第7期25卷 1408-1418页

作者： Gabriela v. Aguirre-Martínez Sara Buratti Elena Fabbri Angel T. Delvalls M. Laura Martín-Díaz Unitwin/Unesco/WiCoP Physical Chemistry Department University of Cdiz Faculty of Marine and Environmental SciencesPolígono Río San Pedro s/n 11510 Puerto Real Cdiz Spain Andalusian Center for Marine Science and Technology (CACYTMAR) Campus Universitariode Puerto Real11510 Puerto Real Cdiz Spain University of Bologna Interdepartment Centre for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRSA)via S. Alberto 16348123 Ravenna Italy

Although pharmaceuticals have beendetected in the environment only in the range from ng/L to μg/L, it has beendemonstrated that they can adversely affect the health status of aquatic organisms. Lysosomal membrane stability （LMS） has previously been applied as an indicator of cellularwell-being todetermine health status in bivalve mussels. The objective of this study is to evaluate LMS in Ruditapes philippinarum haemolymph using the neutral red retention assay （NRRA）. Clamswere exposed in laboratory conditions to caffeine （0.1, 5, 15, 50 μg/L）, ibuprofen （0.1, 5, 10, 50 μg/L）, carbamazepine and novobiocin （both at 0.1, 1, 10, 50 μg/L） for35days. Results show adose-dependent effect of the pharmaceuticals. The neutral red retention time measured at the end of the bioassaywas significantly reduced by 50% after exposure to environmental concentrations （p 〈 0.05）（caffeine = 15 μg/L; ibuprofen = 10 μg/L; carbamazepine = 1 μg/L and novobiocin = 1 μg/L）, compared to controls. Clams exposed to these pharmaceuticalswere considered to present adiminished health status （retention time 〈45 min）, significantlyworse than controls （96 min）（p 〈 0.05）. The predicted no environmental effect concentration （PNEC） results showed that these pharmaceuticals are very toxic at the environmental concentrations tested. Measurement of the alteration of LMS has been found to be a sensitive technique that enables evaluation of the health status of clams after exposure to pharmaceuticals under laboratory conditions, thus representing a robust Tier-1 screening biomarker.

关键词： neutral red pharmaceuticals bioassay haemolymph bivalves health status Manila clam

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Optimization of the Production of Biogas in Anaerobic Digestion by the Addition of Hydrolytic Microorganisms

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(A) 2022年第1期11卷 8-12页

作者： María Montes Melissa Cervantes Alejandra vásquez víctor Aguilar pedro García Isabel Del Castillo Department of Environmental Engineering Institute for EngineeringUniversity of VeracruzBoca del RioVer.94294Mexico Department Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical SciencesUniversity of VeracruzBoca del RioVer.94294Mexico Department of Administration Open Teaching SystemUniversity of VeracruzBoca del RioVer.94294Mexico Department Sanitary Engineering E.T.S.I.Civil EngineeringPolytechnic University of MadridMadrid28040Spain

It is well known that fossil fuels are one of the major pollutants that contribute to climate change and there is a need to develop alternatives to their *** option is the use of a renewable fuel such as biogas obtained from the breaking down of organic matter in the anaerobic digestion *** biogas is cleaned up to a certain quality,it can substitute the use of natural ***,this slow process requires optimization to increase the amount of *** are chemical,physical and biological treatments for organic matter to increase the amount and quality of *** the former research,a biological treatment was tested by adding a selection of microorganisms that showed hydrolytic activity to an anaerobic digester for its ***,a selection of microorganisms with the ability to grow in fresh sewage sludge as only nutrient was ***,the lipolytic,cellulolytic and PA(Proteolytic Activity)of microorganisms was tested using selective growth ***,10 samples with the greatest hydrolytic activity were used to evaluate their effects in the increasing of biogas production in the anaerobic *** results showed that 83%of the microorganisms with the ability to grow in sewage sludge were proteolytic,while the percentage of lipolytic and cellulolytic microorganisms was ***,it was found that proteolytic microorganisms are the ones that increase biogas yield in a maximum of 80%with a COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand)reduction of 58%.

关键词： Hydrolytic microorganisms biogas anaerobic digestion

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水平对称横向各向同性介质P波数据的时差反演

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国外油气勘探 2000年第4期12卷 434-448页

作者： pedro Contreras 魏庚雨曹发良石油地球物理勘探局研究院

具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性模型(HTI介质)已广泛应用于裂隙型储层的地震学研究。本文中,一种最初由Grechkz和Tsvankin针对较为普遍的正交介质而开发的参数估算技术被应用于水平对称横向各向同性介质。我们的方法基于来自水平和倾斜... 详细信息

具有水平对称轴的横向各向同性模型(HTI介质)已广泛应用于裂隙型储层的地震学研究。本文中,一种最初由Grechkz和Tsvankin针对较为普遍的正交介质而开发的参数估算技术被应用于水平对称横向各向同性介质。我们的方法基于来自水平和倾斜反射层的与方位角有关的P波正常时差(NMO)速度的反演。如果将某一给定反射同相轴的NMO速度沿每个方位角方向绘制成图,就会形成一个由介质参数的3种组合所确定的椭圆。这个来自HTI介质的某个水平反射层的NMO椭圆能被转换为对称轴的方位角β、垂向速度v_(PO)和Thomsen型的各向异性参数δ^(v)。我们描述一种从NMO椭圆中获取剩余(关于P波)各向异性参数η^(v)(或∈^(v))的技术,该NMO椭圆对应于一个具有任意方位角的倾斜反射层。通过使用依赖水平和倾斜同相轴的NMO椭圆而进行计算的广义Dix公式就可以获得垂向非均匀HTI介质的层间参数。这种方法的高准确性可以通过反演一合成多方位角P波数据集来证实,该数据集是针对其对称轴方向随深度变化的一个分层HTI介质由射线追踪生成的。尽管利用为正交介质而开发的计算方法能实施参数η^(v)的估算,但为使结果更稳定,从反演过程一开始就必须使用HTI模型。需要强调的是,P波常规排列的时差数据能提供足够的用于区分HTI和低级对称模型的信息。还需指出,如果介质具有正交对称性并且与HTI具有足够大的差别,那么最佳拟合的HTI模型就不能与水平和倾斜两种同相轴的NMO椭圆相匹配。对引起P渡时差的各向异性系数进行综合,既可估算裂缝密度,又可预测裂缝是充满流体的还是空的。HTI模型区别于垂向对称横向各向同性和正交两种介质的一个唯一特征是时差反演不仅提供零倾角的NMO速度和各向异性系数,而且提供真实的垂向速度。因此,从HTI结构模型获得的P波反射数据,既可被用于建立深度域速度模型,也可完成各向异性的深度处理。

关键词：各向同性 P波水平对称横向地震勘探反演

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Constraint Analysis and Bladder Wall Low-Dose-Constraint Reduction in Five-Fraction Urethra-Sparing Prostate SBRT

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International Journal of Medical Physics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2021年第3期10卷 132-148页

作者： Alejandro Prado Inés Flores Ángel Montero Miguel Ángel de la Casa Leyre Alonso Jaime Martí pedro Fernández-Letón Carmen Rubio Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Department Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro HM Hospitales Madrid Spain Medical Physics and Radiation Protection Department Hospital General de la Defensa Gómez Ulla Madrid Spain Radiation Oncology Department Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro HM Hospitales Madrid Spain

Aim: To compare and analyze dose constraints and target coverage results and to reduce Bladder Wall (Bwall) v18.12 for prostate Stereotactic-Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) when Seminal vesicles (SSvv) are included or not. Several indicators based on intersection volumes are obtained to predict constraint fulfillment. Background: Due to prostate’s low alpha-beta ratio and the possibility of increasing the therapeutic ratio several moderate and extreme hypofractionation schemes have been proposed. The scheme selected was a fivefraction urethra-sparing prostate SBRT. Materials and Methods: 150 patients divided into two groups according to the inclusion of SSvv in PTv or not were analyzed. Histograms, average values, standard deviations and degrees of fulfillment were obtained for each constraint or goal and group. A possible reduction of the Bwall v18.12 was addressed by re-optimizing fifty randomly chosen patients. Predictors of constraint fulfilling were obtained by using the intersections of Bwall and Rectum Wall (Rwall) with the PTv. Results: Significant differences in Rwall v32.62 and v29 were obtained when evaluating the influence of SSvv inclusion. A reduction of 12% in the Bwall v18.12 constraint was achieved without compromising coverage and OARs doses. No dependence on the inclusion of SSvv was found. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences have been found in Rwall intermediate-dose constraint when SSvv was included. A reduction of 12% in the Bwall v18.12 constraint has been achieved without compromising the PTv coverage and the rest of OARs constraints. Constraint fulfillment predictors could be useful to evaluate the feasibility of prostate SBRT prior to the planning process for every single patient.

关键词： Prostate SBRT Urethra Sparing Bladder Wall Rectum Wall Seminal vesicles

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Biometry and Water Consumption of Sunflower as Affected by NPK Fertilizer and Available Soil Water Content under Semiarid Brazilian Conditions

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Agricultural Sciences 2014年第8期5卷 668-676页

作者： Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves Hugo Orlando Carvallo Guerra vinícius Batista Campos Walter Esfrain Pereira pedro Henrique Pinto Ribeiro Departament of Fundamentals and Social Sciences Federal University of Paraíba Campus II Areia Brazil Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Campina Grande (DEAG/UFCG) Campina Grande Brazil Federal Institute of Education Science and Tecnology of the Amapá Campus Laranjal do Jari Av Tancredo Neves Brazil

The present study evaluated the effect of NPK fertilization and available soil water levels on the biometric response and water use of sunflower cv. Embrapa 122-v2000. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Engineering Department of the Federal University of Campina Grande, Paraiba State, Brazil, during 2009 and 2010, in a semi-controlled greenhouse using the Eutrofic Regosol. The treatments were defined according to a Baconian matrix, with eleven doses of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and four available soil water levels. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design, with three replicates, in a total of 132 sample units. No effect of N and K was observed on plant height. However, it increased significantly with P levels. The stem diameter and the leaf area were affected by the N and K and not by the P. The number of leaves increased significantly with the amount of N, P and K fertilizer. Available soil water content increased significantly in all the variables studied. The best sunflower performance and water consumption were obtained with the 100:120:120 kg·ha-1 NPK and 100% of the available soil water content treatment.

关键词： Helianthus annuus L. Mineral Nutrition Water Management

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