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Food resources of the Khog Gzung site on the Tibetan Plateau revealed by sedimentary ancient DNA

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 840-851页

作者： Zhengquan GU Yu GAO Yiru WANG Jishuai YANG Jingkun RAN Xiaoyan YANG Wangdue SHARGAN Mikkel W.pedersen Guilian SHENG Yucheng WANG Fahu CHEN Group of Alpine Paleoecology and Human Adaptation(ALPHA) State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth SystemEnvironment and Resources(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China School of History Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210008China Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Tibetan Institute for the Preservation of Cultural Relics Lhasa 850008China Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre Globe InstituteUniversity of Copenhagen1350 CopenhagenDenmark State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridgeCB23EJUK

Traditional zooarchaeological and archaeobotanical methods based on morphological identification of the excavated faunal and floral remains have been broadly used in reconstructing ancient subsistence economies. However, the accuracy and reliability of these methods rely heavily on the preservation state of the remains. By sequencing the ancient DNA of plants,animals, and microorganisms preserved in sediment, sedimentary ancient DNA(sedaDNA) now offers a novel approach for reconstructing the taxa composition dated back to hundreds of thousands of years. Yet, its application in open-air archaeological sites is rarely reported. In this study, we attempted to apply sedaDNA shotgun metagenomics on the archaeological deposits of the Khog Gzung site(an open-air site dated to 3160–2954 cal yr BP) on the Tibetan Plateau, and then compared the reconstructed taxonomic composition to the unearthed remains. Results showed that most of the crops and domestic animals identified by the two approaches, such as barley(Hordeum vulgare) and sheep(Ovis aries), are in general consistent. Some species, such as foxtail millet(Setaria italica), however, were only detected by sedaDNA. In addition, a variety of microorganisms were also detected by the sedaDNA. The two approaches combined revealed diversified food resources at the Khog Gzung site, which included crops such as millet, barley and wheat, domestic animals such as sheep and cattle, and likely also wild animals from fishing and hunting. Our data proves that sedaDNA has a great potential in reconstructing the faunal and floral compositions from archaeological deposits, therefore laying the foundation for its border applications.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Sedimentary ancient DNA Faunal remains Floral remains

以氧化石墨烯为酸催化剂制备2,5-二甲基-N-苯基吡咯（英文）

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新型炭材料 2017年第2期32卷 160-167页

作者：陈春燕郭晓亚吕广强 Christian Marcus pedersen 乔岩侯相林王英雄上海大学环境与化学工程学院上海200444 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所山西省生物炼制工程技术研究中心山西太原030001 Department of Chemistry University of Copenhagen 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所煤转化重点实验室山西太原030001

介绍了氧化石墨烯作为一种高效且可回收的催化剂应用于2,5-己二酮与苯胺通过Paal-Knorr缩合反应合成N-取代吡咯。研究了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂、催化剂用量以及苯胺与2,5-己二酮的摩尔比对2,5-二甲基-N-苯基吡咯收率的影响。通过原... 详细信息

介绍了氧化石墨烯作为一种高效且可回收的催化剂应用于2,5-己二酮与苯胺通过Paal-Knorr缩合反应合成N-取代吡咯。研究了反应时间、反应温度、溶剂、催化剂用量以及苯胺与2,5-己二酮的摩尔比对2,5-二甲基-N-苯基吡咯收率的影响。通过原位核磁技术在分子水平上跟踪了Paal-Knorr缩合的反应过程。结果表明在25℃下通过氧化石墨烯的催化作用反应6 h后吡咯的最大收率可达到90%。氧化石墨烯易回收,且经5次回收使用后还能表现出很好的循环使用性和高催化性能。

关键词：氧化石墨烯 Paal-Knorr 吡咯非均相酸催化原位核磁

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堆积物古DNA揭示西藏廓雄遗址的食物构成

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中国科学：地球科学 2023年第4期53卷 823-835页

作者：顾政权高玉王一如杨继帅冉景坤杨晓燕夏格旺堆 Mikkel Winther pedersen 盛桂莲王昱程陈发虎中国科学院青藏高原研究所古生态与人类适应团队北京100101 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境重点实验室北京100101 南京大学历史学院南京210008 兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院大学资源与环境学院北京100049 西藏自治区文物保护研究所拉萨850008 Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Centre GLOBE InstituteUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 1350Denmark 中国地质大学(武汉)生物地质与环境地质国家重点实验室武汉430078 Department of Zoology University of CambridgeCambridge CB23EJUK

动物考古和植物考古是重建古代食谱的重要手段.对出土动植物遗存的种属鉴定是动植物考古研究的基础,但其鉴定效率严重依赖于动植物遗存的保存状态.沉积物古DNA(sedimentary ancient DNA)是一种新兴的技术手段,可以从数十万年以来的沉积... 详细信息

动物考古和植物考古是重建古代食谱的重要手段.对出土动植物遗存的种属鉴定是动植物考古研究的基础,但其鉴定效率严重依赖于动植物遗存的保存状态.沉积物古DNA(sedimentary ancient DNA)是一种新兴的技术手段,可以从数十万年以来的沉积物中提取出古代动植物和微生物的遗传信息,进而恢复当时生态环境中的物种组成.但目前将沉积物古DNA技术应用于旷野遗址的研究还鲜有报道.本文尝试将沉积物古DNA技术应用于西藏廓雄遗址(3160~2954cal a BP)的调查剖面,并与出土的动植物遗存进行对比.结果发现,在大麦(Hordeum vulgare)和绵羊(Ovis aries)等农作物与家养动物的鉴定上,两种方法可以互相印证,但遗址堆积物古DNA中还检测到大植物遗存中没有发现的粟(Setaria italica),以及多种与农作物伴生的微生物.本研究通过动植物常规鉴定方法与沉积物古DNA分析,揭示了廓雄遗址先民的部分食物组成,其中包括:粟类、麦类等谷物,绵羊、黄牛等家养动物,以及渔猎的野生动物等.本项研究表明,沉积物古DNA技术具有通过旷野遗址文化堆积物复原其中动植物种属信息的潜力,为其进一步应用于植物考古和动物考古研究奠定了基础.

关键词：青藏高原沉积物古DNA 动物遗存植物遗存